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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to infrastructure of the U.S. state of Washington.

By era

This section lists a few of the largest infrastructure projects of each century since non-Indigenous settlement.

Mid 19th century

Initial settlement of the state

Naches Trails (1853)
Mullan Road (1859–1860)

Late 19th century

Early industrialization, Age of Rail

Cascade Tunnel (1897–1900)
Stampede Tunnel (1886–1888)

20th century

Rapid industrialization during World Wars, suburbanization of Seattle area

Lake Washington Ship Canal (opens 1917)
Columbia Basin Project (1933–1950s)
Hanford Site (1940s through Cold War)
Mount Baker Tunnel (1940)
Lake Washington Floating Bridges (1940s–1989)
Boeing Everett Factory (1967)
Interstate 5 (completed 1969) and Interstate 90 (completed 1993)

21st century

Amazon development in South Lake Union (2008–present)
Hanford Vit Plant (2023)
Link light rail (1996–present)
Connecting Washington (2015–present)

By topic

General

List of Seattle megaprojects

Communication and computing

Alaska United-East submarine fiber optic cable
Jim Creek Naval Radio Station
Northwest Open Access Network
PC-1 transpacific submarine fiber optic cable
Quincy data centers
- Columbia Data Center
Seattle Internet Exchange
Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System
Washington K-20 Network
LORAN-C transmitter George

Energy

High Voltage DC (HVDC)

Juan de Fuca Cable Project (abandoned)

Hydro

Washington is a major hydroelectric producer in the United States and the world. The Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River was the world's largest when built, and remains the largest power station in the United States by capacity.

List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

Natural gas

Nuclear

Commercial power production

Columbia Generating Station
Kiket Island, land purchased but never built
Satsop Nuclear Power Plant, nearly completed but never fueled
Skagit Nuclear Power Plant, never built

Research reactors (civilian)

Fast Flux Test Facility, Hanford Site
More Hall Annex, formerly the Nuclear Reactor Building, UW Seattle
Washington State University Reactor, WSU Pullman

Other

Centralia Power Plant, the only coal fired power plant in the state
Grays Harbor Biodiesel Plant
Spokane waste-to-energy plant

Environmental and scientific

Weather and climate

AgriMet Pacific Northwest Region (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation)^[1]
AgWeatherNet (Washington State University), crop freezes and hailstorms
Camano Island Doppler radar
Langley Hill Doppler radar
RAWS network (US Forest Service), over 100 sensors in Washington,^[2] for assessing wildfire risk and forest health

Ocean

NEPTUNE, methane clathrates
Ocean Observatories Initiative
- Endurance Array, anoxia events
- Regional Scale Nodes, methane hydrates and underwater volcanism

Natural hazards

Earthquakes and tsunamis
- Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (Northwest university consortium)
- Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)^[a]
Volcanism
- Cascades Volcano Observatory
- Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System

Space and cosmology

LIGO Hanford
Manastash Ridge Observatory
Rattlesnake Mountain Observatory (relocated to Wallula), the largest optical instrument in the state

Military complexes

Army, Navy, Air Force, Joint

Fairchild Air Force Base
Joint Base Lewis-McChord (also adjacent Camp Murray, Washington National Guard)
Naval Air Station Whidbey Island
Naval Base Kitsap
Naval Magazine Indian Island
Naval Station Everett
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
Yakima Training Center

Former

For earlier 19th century forts, see List of forts#Washington

Fort Lawton, Seattle
Fort Flagler, Fort Worden, Fort Casey, Puget Sound approaches
Naval Reserve Armory (Lake Union, Seattle)
Naval Station Puget Sound (Lake Washington, Seattle)
Seattle Center Armory
Yakima Research Station

Civilianized airfields

For a full list of Army airfields see Washington World War II Army Airfields. The Navy also civilianized several fields.

Arlington Airport, formerly Arlington Naval Air Auxiliary Facility^[4]
Olympia Regional Airport, formerly a satellite field for McChord Air Force Base
Sanderson Field, Shelton
Paine Field at Everett, formerly Paine Air Force Base
Tri-Cities Airport, formerly Naval Air Station Pasco, one of the busiest training fields of World War II
- Vista Field, an auxiliary field
Grant County International Airport at Moses Lake, formerly Larson Air Force Base, a Strategic Air Command base, with 13,500-foot runway and Titan nuclear missile field
William R. Fairchild International Airport, formerly Port Angeles Army Airfield
Bowers Airport, formerly Ellensburg Army Airfield
Ephrata Municipal Airport, formerly Ephrata Army Air Base
Spokane International Airport, formerly Geiger Field
- Deer Park Airport, an auxiliary field, also Atlas-E nuclear missile silo 47°58′27″N 117°24′34″W / 47.97417°N 117.40944°W / 47.97417; -117.40944^[5]
- Felts Field, an auxiliary field

Department of Energy

Hanford Site
- Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (Vitrification plant)
- B Reactor
- N-Reactor
- Plutonium Finishing Plant
- Plutonium-Uranium Extraction Plant / PUREX Plant
- Plutonium Recycle Test Reactor (PRTR)

US Coast Guard

Coast Guard Station Seattle also District 13 headquarters, Sector Puget Sound headquarters, Puget Sound Sector Command Center–Joint,^[6] and others
Coast Guard Station Cape Disappointment

Transportation

Air

List of airports in Washington (state)

Rail

List of Washington (state) railroads

Road

Ports and canals

Canals (active)

Constructed canals only^[b]

Lake Washington Ship Canal / Chittenden Locks (Ballard locks), Seattle
Port Townsend Ship Canal

Canals (abandoned)

Cascade Locks and Canal, Columbia River
Celilo Canal, Columbia River

Ports

Water management

List of dams and reservoirs in Washington

Flood control

McNary Levee System, Columbia River (Tri-Cities)
Seattle seawall

Volcanic

Volcano-related infrastructure around Mount St. Helens related to its 1980 eruption and future eruptions

Flumes and siphons

Irrigation

Columbia Basin Project, largest reclamation project in United States
- Banks Lake, a 27-mile (43 km) long reservoir
- Potholes Reservoir: 670,000 irrigated acres
- Grand Coulee Dam
Okanogan Project^[7]
- Conconully Dam and Reservoir
- Salmon Lake Dam and Conconully Lake
- Salmon Creek Diversion Dam
Yakima Project, 464,000 irrigable acres^[8]

Municipal water supply

Casad Dam (Bremerton watershed)
McAllister Wellfield (Olympia)
Culmback Dam / Spada Reservoir (Sultan River - City of Everett)
Seattle Public Utilities
- Cedar River (Washington) § River modifications and management – watershed
- Chester Morse Lake and masonry dam
- Tolt pipeline (Cascades to Seattle)
Tacoma Public Utilities
- Howard A. Hanson Dam and reservoir

Wastewater

By type

Bridges

Floating bridges

Washington has more floating bridges than any other state,^[9] and the world's three longest ones, including:

Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016) (SR 520 or "Evergreen Point"), replaced the 1963 Evergreen Point Floating Bridge, and is world's longest
Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge (I-90), second longest in world
Hood Canal Bridge, world's third longest floating bridge overall, and the longest floating bridge on tidal saltwater
Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge (I-90), fifth longest in world

Historically notable bridges and incidents

List of Washington state bridge failures
Chow Chow Bridge one of the first cable-stayed bridge designs in the United States, and the first in Washington
Hood Canal Bridge partially sank during storm
Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940), "Galloping Gertie", collapsed during windstorm four months after opening
Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge, sank during storm

Dams

List of dams and reservoirs in Washington

Pipelines

Avista gas pipeline
Ferndale Pipeline System
McChord Pipeline (jet fuel)
Northwest Pipeline (natural gas)
Olympic pipeline (Olympic pipeline explosion) (petroleum)
Tesoro Logistics pipeline
Trans Mountain Pipeline
Tolt pipeline (water)

Roads

Brick paved section of Yellowstone Trail in Redmond

Historically notable roads include

Category:Historic trails and roads in Washington (state)
Oregon Trail wagon trail to Whitman Mission, Walla Walla (1843)
Naches Trail, first wagon road to cross the Cascades (1853)
Mullan Road, first improved road (cleared 25 feet (7.6 m) wide) to inland Pacific Northwest (1859–1860)
Maryhill Loops Road, first asphalt paved road in Washington (1911)
Yellowstone Trail, first transcontinental automobile highway to Seattle (1912)

Tunnels

Highways

Railroads

Passenger train service

Amtrak
- Cascades
- Coast Starlight
- Empire Builder
- North Coast Hiawatha
- Pacific International
- Pioneer
Sounder commuter rail

Mass transit

Footnotes

^ As of March 2018, there were five DART buoys off of US West Coast, one of which is approximately 400 km west of Cape Flattery.^[3]
^ Washington has several natural canals including 65-mile (105 km) long Hood Canal

References

^ "Columbia-Pacific Northwest Region Programs & Activities | Bureau of Reclamation".
^ Station Data Inventory Listings - RAWS Network: Washington
^ DART buoy map and database, NOAA, retrieved 2018-03-05
^ Duane Colt Denfeld (August 21, 2012), "World War II: Civilian Airports Adapted for Military Use", HistoryLink, Seattle: History Ink
^ NRHP continuation sheet for Atlas E Missile Site 9, Rearden, Washington, listed 7/31/2009
^ Braesch, LT Connie (2009-06-30). "Interagency Coordination and the Sector Command Center-Joint". Compass. US Coast Guard. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
^ "Bureau of Reclamation".
^ "Bureau of Reclamation".
^ Chen, W.F.; Duan, L. (2013), Handbook of International Bridge Engineering, Taylor & Francis, p. 107, ISBN 978-1-4398-1029-3, table 2.8: Major floating bridges in the United States

[4] As of March 2018, there were five DART buoys off of US West Coast, one of which is approximately 400 km west of Cape Flattery.^[3]

[8] Washington has several natural canals including 65-mile (105 km) long Hood Canal

[1] "Columbia-Pacific Northwest Region Programs & Activities | Bureau of Reclamation".

[2] Station Data Inventory Listings - RAWS Network: Washington

[3] DART buoy map and database, NOAA, retrieved 2018-03-05

[Denfeld-5] Duane Colt Denfeld (August 21, 2012), "World War II: Civilian Airports Adapted for Military Use", HistoryLink, Seattle: History Ink

[6] NRHP continuation sheet for Atlas E Missile Site 9, Rearden, Washington, listed 7/31/2009

[7] Braesch, LT Connie (2009-06-30). "Interagency Coordination and the Sector Command Center-Joint". Compass. US Coast Guard. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[9] "Bureau of Reclamation".

[10] "Bureau of Reclamation".

[11] Chen, W.F.; Duan, L. (2013), Handbook of International Bridge Engineering, Taylor & Francis, p. 107, ISBN 978-1-4398-1029-3, table 2.8: Major floating bridges in the United States

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Outline of Washington (state) infrastructure