Novoselytsia Raion (Ukrainian: Новоселицький район, Romanian: Raionul Noua Sulițăpronounced[raˈjonulˈnowaˈsulit͡sə]) was a raion (administrative district) in Chernivtsi Oblast, (province) in the west of Ukraine. The western part of its territory lied in the historical region of Bukovina, the eastern part in Bessarabia, while one village (Boianivka) was part of the Hertsa region. The center of the raion was the city of Novoselytsia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions.[1][2] The last estimate of the raion population was 76,744 (2020 est.)[3]
History and population
According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the raion's population was 87,241. The ethnical composition by self-identification was as follows:
Among the 50,329 self-identified Moldovans (57.54%), 47,585 (54.54%) self-identified their language as Moldovan and 2,264 as Romanian (2.6%) according to the Ukrainian census of 2001; there were also 29,703 self-identified Ukrainians (35.05%), 5,904 Romanians (6.77%), 1,235 Russians (1.42%), and 290 others (0.29%)..[4][5] Novoselytsia raion, within its boundaries at that time, had 87,241 inhabitants in 2001, including 34.08% Ukrainian-speakers, 64% Romanian-speakers, and 1.78% Russian-speakers.[6][7] In the last Soviet census of 1989, out of 86,771 inhabitants, 28,207 declared themselves Ukrainians (32.51%), 585 Romanians (0.67%), 55,669 Moldovans (64.16%), and 1,639 Russians (1.89%).[8] The decline in the number (from 55,669 to 50,329) and proportion of self-identified Moldovans (from 64.16% to 57.54%) was explained by a switch from a census Moldovan to a census Romanian ethnic and linguistic identity, and has continued after the 2001 census.[9] By contrast, the number of self-identified ethnic Romanians has increased (from 585 to 5,904),and so has their proportion of the population of the former raion (from 0.67% to 6.77%), and the process has continued after the 2001 census.[10] In 2001, this was Ukraine's only raion in which an absolute majority of the population was recorded by the census as having a Moldovan identity, and one of two (the other one is the Reni Raion in the Odesa Oblast) in which those having a Moldovan identity are the largest group.[11] In the early years of the 21st century, there was a higher birth rate in the localities with a Romanian identity population, and out-migration from most of the localities with a Moldovan identity majority, and also from the predominantly Ukrainian villages.[12] In 2001, this was one of two raions in Ukraine that was mostly Romanian-speaking; the other one was the overwhelmingly ethnically Romanian neighboring Hertsa Raion.[13]
Some authors have argued that many of the inhabitants of the former Novoselytsia Raion in the smaller, former Bukovinian area of the raion, who had self-identified themselves as Moldovans in 1989 self-identified themselves as Romanians in 2001.[14] This was the case in a number of localities such as Boiany. In 2001, 92.16% of the population of 4,425 inhabitants of Boyany spoke Romanian as their native language, 4,078 people (including 2,810 who declared it as Romanian or 63.50%, and 1,268 as Moldovan, or 28.66%), with a minority of Ukrainian speakers (6.33%).[15] According to the 1989 Soviet census, the number of inhabitants who declared themselves Romanian plus Moldovan was 3,764 (40 Romanians, or 0.94% plus 3,724 Moldovans, or 87.64%), representing 88.59% of the population of 4,249 inhabitants.[16] A similar pattern could be found, for example, in the village of Ostrytsia of the Mahala urban hromada; see the article on the village of Mahala, Chernivtsi Oblast. However, in a number of other localities, such as the village of Mahala, only a large minority of the Romanian-speaking population did so by 2001. From 1991 to 2020, the village of Mahala was a part of the Noua Suliță/Novoselytsia Raion of the Chernivtsi region of independent Ukraine. According to the 1989 census, the number of inhabitants of Mahala who declared themselves Romanians plus Moldovans was 2,231 (16 + 2,215), representing 90.40% of the population. In 2001, 92.52% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian (59.91% self-identified Moldovan and 32.60% self-identified Romanian) as their native language, with Ukrainian (5.96%) and Russian (1.45%) speakers in the minority.[17] In the formerly Bukovinian villages in the Boiany rural hromada and the Mahala rural hromada, made up of Bukovinian localities, where the inhabitants overwhelmingly declared their ethnic identity as Moldovan in 1989, there were 18,331 inhabitants in 2001, including 7,589 (41.4%) who declared their native language as Moldovan, 5,690 (31.04%) who declared it to be Romanian, 4,815 (26.27%) who declared it Ukrainian, and 198 (1.08%) who declared it be Russian.[18][19] The self-declared Romanian speakers were thus 42.85% of the Romanian-speaking population of this Bukovinian area, while 57.15% called their language Moldovan. In most of the formerly Bukovinian villages of the raion, while there was typically a significant switch from a Moldovan linguistic and ethnic to a Romanian linguistic and ethnic identity from 1989 to 2001, there were still more people who claimed in 2001 that their native language was Moldovan than the number of those who called it Romanian.[20]
Most of the Bessarabian part of the former raion is made up of the Novoselytsia urban hromada and the Vanchykivtsi rural hromada, which had 48,642 inhabitants in 2001; out of these, 29,875 (61.42%) declared themselves as Moldovan-speakers, 15,431 as Ukrainian-speakers (31.72%), 2,114 as Romanian-speakers (4.35%) and 1,148 (2.36%) as Russian-speakers.[21] The self-declared Romanian speakers were thus 6.61% of the Romanian-speaking population of this Bessarabian area. In a minority of the localities in the Bessarabian part of the Novoselytsia Raion of the Chernivtsi Oblast, which formed a large majority of the population of the raion, there was an increase from less than 1% self-identified ethnic Romanians, and an even lower percentage who stated that their language was Romanian (see the data for the entire raion below) in 1989 to 26-29% self-identified Romanian-speakers (as distinct from self-identified Moldovan-speakers) in 2001, and a smaller increase in the proportion of self-identified Romanians. These include, for example, Cherlenivka and Dynivtsi.[22][23][24]
The singer Sofia Rotaru was born in Marshyntsi, one of the Romanian speaking villages of the Raion.
The village of Tarasivtsi, located in the raion, is notable as the only place in Ukraine where the Moldovan (Romanian) language was designated as a regional language from 2012 to 2014. This occurred after Ukraine permitted regional languages to be designated in August 2012 .[25]
Of these, Boiany, Chornivka, Mahala, Sloboda, Pripruttia, Toporivtsi and Zelenyi Hai are in the historical region of Bukovina, while the remainder are in Bessarabia.
At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of six hromadas:[26]
In 2001, in the Boyany rural hromada (rural community) created in 2020, with a population of 7,385, 348 of the inhabitants (4.71%) spoke Ukrainian as their native language, while 6,933 (93.88%) spoke Romanian (including 3,997 who called it Moldovan, or 54.12%, and 2,936 who called it Romanian, or 39.76%), and 77 (1.04%) spoke Russian.[28] The Boyany rural hromada includes Boyany village, Boyanivka village, Hai village and Prypruttya village.[29]
In 2001, in the Mahala rural hromada (rural community) created in 2020, and which included not only the Romanian-speaking villages Mahala, Ostrytsia, Buda, and Prut, and also the overwhelmingly Ukrainian village of Ridkivtsi, with a population of 10,946, 4,467 of the inhabitants (40.81%, or 4,467 people) spoke Ukrainian as their native language, while 6,346 (57.98%, or 6,346) spoke Romanian (including 36.1%, or 3,592, who called it Moldovan, and 25.16%, or 2,754, who called it Romanian), and 121 (1.11% or 121) spoke Russian.[30]
^See Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259, 260, with the figure from the 2001 Ukrainian census.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 216.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259.
^See the predictions at Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259, 261.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 259.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 216-217.
^Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor, vol. 1 (Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti), Cernauti, 2005, p. 216-217.
