Nosy Be

Nosy Be
Map of Nosy Be
Nosy Be is located in Madagascar
Nosy Be
Nosy Be
Nosy Be is situated off the west coast of Diana Region in northern Madagascar.
Geography
LocationMozambique Channel
Coordinates13°18′54″S 48°16′03″E / 13.31500°S 48.26750°E / -13.31500; 48.26750
Area320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi)
Highest elevation450 m (1480 ft)
Highest pointMont Lokobe
Administration
RegionDiana Region
Demographics
Population109,465 (2018)

Nosy Be (Malagasy pronunciation: [nusʲ be]; formerly Nossi-bé and Nosse Be, lit. 'big island') is an island off the northwest coast of Madagascar. Nosy Be is Madagascar's largest and busiest tourist destination. It has an area of 320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi), and its population was 109,465 according to the provisional results of the 2018 Census.

Nosy Be means "big island" in the Malagasy language. The island was called Assada during the early colonial era of the 17th century. Nosy Be has been given several nicknames over the centuries, including "Nosy Manitra" (the scented island).

History

The first human inhabitants of Nosy Be were small bands of Antankarana and Zafinofotsy, before the Sakalava people migrated there and became the most numerous ethnic group on the island. These people were joined later by some Comorians, Indians or Antandroy. Nosy Be made first major appearance in Madagascar's history when King Radama I announced that he intended to conquer the whole west of Madagascar. That plan was eventually achieved in 1837 when the Sakalava Kingdom of Boina came into the possession of Ranavalona I upon the defeat of Queen Tsiomeko's army.[citation needed]

The French colonized the island from 1840, founding an outpost named Hell-Ville (from French Admiral de Hell).[1] The 1848 abolition of slavery in the French colonies resulted in a revolt against the French by the Sakalava people, who were extensively involved in the slave trade.[2] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the island was governed by the French as an internal protectorate within the colony of Madagascar. The outpost became an important trade harbor in the Mozambique channel.[3]

During the nineteenth century, the French settlers developed cash crop agriculture (mainly sugar cane) and recruited indentured laborers from East Africa.[4] Though it was difficult for the French to control the littoral, they founded a plantation colony in Nosy Be, mainly producing sugar and cash crops.[5] The French used both military force and diplomacy to maintain their position in the island, appointing the former ruler of Nosy Be Binao as the gouverneur principal of the island.[6]

During the Russo-Japanese War Nosy Be became a supply station for Russia's Second Pacific Squadron. The main fleet led by Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky reached Nosy Be on January 9, 1905, where it met a smaller detachment led by Admiral Dmitry von Fölkersam that had arrived already on December 28, 1904.[7] The fleet stayed for two months for refurbishing and coaling, leaving on March 17 to meet its fate ten weeks later at the Battle of Tsushima.[8]

In 2013, two French tourists and one local were lynched (beaten and burned by a mob) after rumors that they were responsible for the death of a local boy.[9][10] A Madagascar court gave four men the maximum hard labour for life over the mob lynching.[11]

Geography

A female black lemur and her offspring at the Lokobe Reserve, Nosy Be, November, 2001

Nosy Be is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the coast of Madagascar in the Mozambique Channel; several smaller islands are located nearby, including Nosy Komba, Nosy Mitsio, Nosy Sakatia, and Nosy Tanikely. The island's main town is Andoany, commonly known as Hell-Ville.

The volcanic island has an area of about 312 km2 (120 sq mi) - 30 km long, 19 km wide[12] - and its highest peak is Mont Lokobe at 450 m (1,480 ft); the volcano is of Holocene origin but has not erupted in recorded history.[13] There are eleven volcanic crater lakes on the island.

Climate

Nosy Be has a tropical savanna climate. It is most humid in summer (December, January, February). The Tsaratanana massif partially protects the island from the strong north-east winds affecting the region in August or during tropical depressions. The wet season lasts from October until the beginning of May, followed by a relatively short dry season that lasts through September. As characteristic of its climate however, it still sees moderate amounts of precipitation even during this time. Daytime temperatures remain fairly steady throughout the year, hovering around 30 °C (86 °F), while the nights are slightly cooler during the dry season.

Climate data for Nosy Be (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.0
(95.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		36.8
(98.2) 		35.4
(95.7) 		36.0
(96.8) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.4
(95.7) 		34.4
(93.9) 		36.3
(97.3) 		37.0
(98.6) 		36.0
(96.8) 		37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.5
(88.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		30.2
(86.4) 		29.7
(85.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		31.8
(89.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.2
(88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.8
(80.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.9
(75.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.7
(74.7) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.3
(72.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.9
(75.0) 		22.3
(72.1)
Record low °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.4
(70.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		15.0
(59.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		20.2
(68.4) 		12.7
(54.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 392.9
(15.47) 		334.3
(13.16) 		280.9
(11.06) 		106.2
(4.18) 		34.8
(1.37) 		29.3
(1.15) 		21.2
(0.83) 		26.7
(1.05) 		35.0
(1.38) 		29.8
(1.17) 		135.0
(5.31) 		302.1
(11.89) 		1,728.2
(68.04)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 19.5 17.3 16.5 9.3 4.7 4.5 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.0 9.8 15.8 112.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 187.0 171.2 224.0 245.0 271.3 248.9 263.7 284.9 277.6 281.1 249.1 219.7 2,923.5
Source: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[14][15]

Flora and Fauna

The island is known for having one of the world's smallest frogs (Stumpffia pygmaea) and chameleon (Brookesia minima).[16] The Lokobe Reserve is one of Madagascar's five Strict Nature Reserves (Réserves Naturelles Intégrales). Nosy Be is also home to a specific color of panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis).

Nocturnal animals include lemurs (mouse and dwarf), chameleons (e.g. short nosed, and stump tailed), leaf-tailed geckos, frogs, and birds.[17]

Omura's whale off Nosy Be

Recent studies indicate that adjacent waters around the channel between Nosy Be[18] and Madagascar host a habitat for notable number of Omura's whale, and this has allowed researchers to conduct field studies targeting this rare species for the first time.[19][20]

Coral reefs around Nosy Be are impacted by urbanization, the discharge of the sugar industry, and unregulated tourism.[21]

Administration

The island constitutes a department within Diana Region and is organized as the City of Nosy Be (Commune Urbaine de Nosy Be). Its mayor is Mr. Vita Zarga.

Economy

Once a major location of plantation of sugar cane and production of its derived products (sugar, rum), the island's main activities are now the plantation of ylang-ylang[22] (for the production of essential oils) and tourism. Nosy Be is the most developed tourism destination in Madagascar. This is the only place in Madagascar where all-inclusive large resorts can be found. There are no traffic lights on the island, instead roundabouts are used.

Transportation

The island is served by Fascene Airport. The airport is serviced by commercial flights with Air Madagascar, Air Austral, Airlink, Ewa, Ethiopian Airlines, and has direct flights from Europe on Neos. Its main city and harbour, Hell-Ville, can be reached by boat from Ankify. On the island, travel via Tuk-Tuk, scooters, and boats are common along side cars.

Education

French international schools:

  • École primaire française Lamartine[23]

Local public schools:

  • EPP Andavakotoko
  • EPP Galliéni
  • EPP boulevard Manceaut (?)
  • CEG Ambalakatakata
  • Lycée mixte of Nosy Be

Twin towns—sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Madagascar

Nosy Be is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ Sanchez SF (2008). "Commerce régional et à longue distance dans l'ouest de Madagascar au XIXème siècle". Tsingy: Revue de l'association des professeurs d'histoire et de géographie de Madagascar (9): 44-56.
  2. ^ « Sanchez S. F., Un mouvement antiabolitionniste et anticolonial : La révolte sakalava de 1849 dans le Nord-Ouest de Madagascar », in Ballarin M.-P., Derat M.-L., Médard H., Vernet T. (dir.), Traite et esclavage en Afrique Orientale et dans l'Océan Indien, Paris, Karthala, 2013, p.413-439
  3. ^ Sanchez, Samuel (2 January 2017). "Complex Strands: Changing Textile Trades in Western Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel in the Nineteenth Century, Evidence from Nosy Be Island". Textile History. 48 (1): 85–100. doi:10.1080/00404969.2017.1294817. S2CID 165135935.
  4. ^ Rajaonah F. & Sanchez S. F., "De l'engagisme au salariat dans le Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien. La colonie de plantation de Nosy Be, Madagascar (1840–1960)", in Guerassimoff E. & Mande I. (dir.), Le travail colonial. Engagés et autres travailleurs migrants dans les empires 1850-1950 , Paris, Riveneuve, 2016, p.245-282
  5. ^ « Sanchez S. F., "Persuasion, escarmouches, prises d'otages. L'exercice du pouvoir dans la colonie française de Nosy Be, Nord-Ouest de Madagascar (1839–1896)", in Chanson-Jabeur Ch., Morlat P., Forest A., Colonisations et Répressions, Paris, Les Indes Savantes, 2015, p.413-439
  6. ^ Allen, Philip M.; Covell, Maureen (2005). Historical dictionary of Madagascar (2nd ed.). Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4636-4.
  7. ^ Pierre Van de Boogaerde (2009). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-60693-494-4.
  8. ^ Alistair Horne (2015). Hubris. The Tragedy of War in the Twentieth Century. HarperCollins. p. 74ff. ISBN 978-0-06-239780-5.
  9. ^ "A Madagascar, la folle rumeur qui a mené trois hommes sur le bûcher". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Triple lynchage de Madagascar : coopération judiciaire difficile entre Paris et Antananarivo" (in French). 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  11. ^ "Four sentenced to hard labour for life over Madagascar mob lynching". France 24. 2015-10-09. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  12. ^ Lowry, Linda L. (2016-09-01). The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4833-6896-2.
  13. ^ "Nosy-Be". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  14. ^ "Nosybe Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Nosy Be/Fascene Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  16. ^ Tim Flannery and Peter Schouten, Astonishing Animals: Extraordinary Creatures and the Fantastic Worlds They Inhabit. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004. Page 126-127.
  17. ^ Garbutt, Nick; Bradt, Hilary; Schuurman, Derek (2008). Madagascar Wildlife. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-245-3.
  18. ^ Sakalav Diving (2012). "petit rorqual minke whale.avi". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
  19. ^ Jefferson, Thomas, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman (2015). Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification. London: Academic.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Cerchio S.; Andrianantenaina B.; Lindsay A.; Rekdahl M.; Andrianarivelo N.; Rasoloarijao T. (2015). "Omura's whales (Balaenoptera omurai) off northwest Madagascar: ecology, behaviour and conservation needs". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (10): 150301. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240301C. doi:10.1098/rsos.150301. PMC 4632516. PMID 26587244.
  21. ^ McClanahan, T. R.; Sheppard, C. R. C.; Obura, D. O. (2000-10-12). Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-512596-2.
  22. ^ "Jacarandas cultivates Madagascar scents: from ylang-ylang to pink peppercorn". Premium Beauty News. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  23. ^ "École primaire française Lamartine." AEFE. Retrieved on May 7, 2015.
  24. ^ Vacca, Maria Luisa. "Comune di Napoli -Gemellaggi" [Naples - Twin Towns]. Comune di Napoli (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nosy Be.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nosy Be.

Read other articles:

National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials

Latino advocacy non-profit National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO)Founded1976FounderEdward R. RoybalLocationLos Angeles, CaliforniaKey peopleArturo Vargas, CEOWebsiteOfficial website The National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) is the 501(c)(4) nonpartisan leadership organization of the nation's more than 6,700 Latino elected and appointed Latino public officials in the United States. NALEO Educational Fund, founded in 1981, is the...

 

Georgina River

River in Queensland, Australia GeorginaMap of the Lake Eyre Basin showing Georgina RiverEtymologyGeorgina, the daughter of Arthur Kennedy[1]LocationCountryAustraliaState/territoryQueensland, Northern TerritoryRegionCentral West Queensland, Central AustraliaCityBouliaPhysical characteristicsSourceBarkly Tableland • locationnorth of Camooweal Mouthconfluence with the Eyre Creek • elevation97 m (318 ft)Length1,130 km (700 mi)[2...

 

American Journal of Sociology

Academic journalAmerican Journal of SociologyDisciplineSociologyLanguageEnglishEdited byJohn Levi MartinPublication detailsHistory1895–presentPublisherUniversity of Chicago Press for The Department of Sociology at The University of Chicago (United States)FrequencyBimonthlyImpact factor3.232 (2019)Standard abbreviationsISO 4 (alt) · Bluebook (alt1 · alt2)NLM (alt) · MathSciNet (alt )ISO 4Am. J. Sociol.IndexingCODEN (alt · alt...

Египтопитек

† Египтопитек Реконструкция внешнего вида египтопитека Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:Четвероно...

 

Стеллерова корова

† Стеллерова корова Муляж стеллеровой коровы в Лондонском музее естествознания Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:Челюстно�...

 

London Film Critics Circle Awards 2022

Edition of British film award 43rd London Film Critics' Circle Awards 5 February 2023 Film of the Year: Tár British/Irish Film of the Year: The Banshees of Inisherin The 43rd London Film Critics' Circle Awards honoured the best in film of 2022, as chosen by the London Film Critics' Circle.[1] All films released in a UK cinema or to premiere via streaming service between February 2022 and February 2023 were all eligible to be nominated.[2] The ceremony was held on 5 February 2...

Повітряні сили Збройних сил України

Ця стаття потребує додаткових посилань на джерела для поліпшення її перевірності. Будь ласка, допоможіть удосконалити цю статтю, додавши посилання на надійні (авторитетні) джерела. Зверніться на сторінку обговорення за поясненнями та допоможіть виправити недоліки. Мат...

 

Foreign relations of Uzbekistan

Overview of the foreign relations of Uzbekistan This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2009) Politics of Uzbekistan CIS Member State Constitution 1992 (Current) 1978 Government Executive President (list) Shavkat Mirziyoyev Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov Cabinet Legislative Senate Chairman: Nigmatilla Yuldashev Legislative Chamber Chairman: Nuriddinjon Ismailov Judiciary Courts Constitutional Court Chairm...

 

Luis Ossio

Luis OssioLuis Ossio Wakil Presiden Bolivia ke-34Masa jabatan6 Agustus 1989 – 6 Agustus 1993PresidenJaime Paz ZamoraPendahuluJulio Garrett AyllónPenggantiVíctor Hugo Cárdenas Informasi pribadiLahirLuis Ossio Sanjinés1930Potosí, BoliviaMeninggalSeptember 27, 2016 (umur 86)Partai politikChristian Democratic PartySunting kotak info • L • B Luis Ossio Sanjinés (1930 – 27 September 2016) adalah Wakil Presiden Bolivia ke-34 dari 1989 hingga 1993, selama masa ke...

Onthophagus

Onthophagus Gazella scarab (Onthophagus gazella) males; note variation in horn size Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Scarabaeidae Tribus: Onthophagini Genus: OnthophagusLatreille, 1802 [1] Onthophagus adalah genus Scarabaeidae atau kumbang scarab dalam superfamilia Scarabaeoidea.[2] Genus ini terdiri dari 2000 spesies, yang tersebar di seluruh dunia.[1] Onthophagus nigricornis Onthophagus obliquus Ont...

 

King's Printer

The King's Printer (known as the Queen's Printer during the reign of a female monarch) is typically a bureau of the national, state, or provincial government responsible for producing official documents issued by the King-in-Council, Ministers of the Crown, or other departments. The position is defined by letters patent under the royal prerogative in various Commonwealth realms. Canada Federal The King's Printer for Canada, so titled as to distinguish it from the equivalent position in each ...

 

North Palatine Uplands

Mountains in Germany North Palatine UplandsThe North Palatine Uplands around Münchweiler in Donnersbergkreis Highest pointPeakDonnersbergElevation686.5 m (2,252 ft)DimensionsLength70 km (43 mi)GeographyStateRhineland-Palatinate, SaarlandRange coordinates49°35′0″N 7°40′0″E / 49.58333°N 7.66667°E / 49.58333; 7.66667Parent rangeNorth French ScarplandsGeologyOrogenylow mountains Natural regions of the North Palatine Uplands (Nordpfälz...

1856 United States presidential election in Kentucky

Election in Kentucky Main article: 1856 United States presidential election 1856 United States presidential election in Kentucky ← 1852 November 4, 1856 1860 →   Nominee James Buchanan Millard Fillmore Party Democratic Know Nothing Home state Pennsylvania New York Running mate John C. Breckinridge Andrew J. Donelson Electoral vote 12 0 Popular vote 74,642 67,416 Percentage 52.54% 47.46% County Results Buchanan   50-60%   60-70...

 

Paolo Frisi

Ritratto di Paolo Frisi di Andrea Appiani, XVIII secolo Paolo Frisi, al secolo Giuseppe Frisi (Melegnano, 13 aprile 1728 – Milano, 22 novembre 1784), è stato un matematico, astronomo, presbitero e pubblicista italiano, figura preminente della matematica e delle scienze nell'Italia del suo tempo, noto soprattutto per i suoi lavori di idraulica. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Riconoscimenti 3 Opere 4 Note 5 Bibliografia 6 Voci correlate 7 Altri progetti 8 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Paolo Frisi Pao...

 

Acanthothoraci

Extinct order of fishes AcanthothoraciTemporal range: Early to Middle Devonian Weejasperaspis gavini, Murrindalaspis wallacei & Brindabellaspis stensioi Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: †Placodermi Order: †AcanthothoraciStensiö, 1944 Families Weejasperaspididae † Hagiangellidae[1] † Palaeacanthaspidae † Synonyms Acanthothoraciformes Acanthothoraci (spine chests) is an extinct group of chimaera-like placoderms closely ...

Carriage return

Reset to the beginning of a line of text This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Carriage return – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A carriage return, sometimes known as a cartridge return and often shortened to CR, <CR> or r...

 

العلاقات النيجرية الغيانية

العلاقات النيجرية الغيانية النيجر غيانا   النيجر   غيانا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات النيجرية الغيانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين النيجر وغيانا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة النيجر ...

 

Eddie Cantor

Eddie Cantor Eddie Cantor, memiliki nama asli Israel Iskowitz (lahir 31 Januari 1892 di New York, Amerika Serikat - meninggal 10 Oktober 1964 di Los Angeles, California, Amerika Serikat pada umur 72 tahun) adalah seorang penyanyi, penulis lagu, komedian, penulis dan aktor berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat.[1][2] Cantor memiliki program radio sendiri pada tahun 1930-an, ia sering muncul di televisi pada 1950-an, dan membuat banyak rekaman.[1] Ia menunjukkan penampilannya pe...

طواف كولومبيا 2020

طواف كولومبيا 2020 تفاصيل السباقسلسلة3. طواف كولومبيامنافسةطواف أمريكا للدراجات 2020 2.1‏مراحل6التواريخ11 – 16 فبراير 2020المسافات823٫3 كمالبلد كولومبيانقطة البدايةتونخانقطة النهايةبوغوتاالفرق27عدد المتسابقين في البداية161عدد المتسابقين في النهاية131متوسط السرعة41٫336 كم/سالمنص�...

 

Bob Gunton

Bob GuntonBob Gunton (2009)LahirRobert Patrick Gunton, Jr.Suami/istriCarey (Pitts) Gunton (26 Agusut 2006 - sekarang) Annie McGreevey (6 Juli 1980 - 31 Juli 2006) (cerai) 1 anak Penghargaan(1980) Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical (en) Clarence Derwent Awards (en) Bob Gunton (lahir 15 November 1945) merupakan seorang aktor berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Dia menjadi terkenal saat bermain di film utamanya seperti The Shawshank Redemption. Dilahirkan di Santa Monica, C...