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Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
	Elephants in Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve in the Central African Republic
	AT0126. Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
Ecology
Realm	Afrotropical
Biome	tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Borders	List Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests; Northeastern Congolian lowland forests; Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic; Western Congolian forest–savanna mosaic; Western Congolian swamp forests;
Animals	Western lowland gorilla
Geography
Area	434,082 km2 (167,600 sq mi)
Countries	List Cameroon; Central African Republic; Gabon; Republic of the Congo; Democratic Republic of the Congo;
Elevation	80 m to 1,450 m
Coordinates	1°36′N 12°18′E / 1.60°N 12.30°E
Conservation
Conservation status	vulnerable
Global 200	yes
Protected	91,395 square kilometres (35,288 sq mi)%

The Northwestern Congolian lowland forests (French: Forêts de plaine du nord-ouest du Congo) is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that spans Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and a minuscule part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It forms part of the larger Congolian rainforests region in Central Africa. The region is noteworthy for very high levels of species richness and endemism. It is home to a core population of the critically endangered Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). There are also large populations of forest elephants.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Location and description

The ecoregion is located in western central Africa, across the meeting of Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic (CAR). It stretches 500 km west-to-east and 700 km north-to south, set back 250 km from the Gulf of Guinea. Mean elevation is 530 meters, ranging from 79 meters to 1,451 meters. The highest areas are in the Chaillu Mountains of south Gabon and the Republic of Congo in the south. Much of the terrain sits on a heavily leached red oxisols. The region is heavily forested and sparsely populated.^[2]

The surrounding ecoregions are the Congolian coastal forests to the west, the Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic to the north, the Western Congolian forest–savanna mosaic to the south, and the Western Congolian swamp forests to the east.^[3]

Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification (Am)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year (all months being greater than 18 °C (64 °F) average temperature). This climate is mid-way between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savannah.^[6]^[7] Minimum temperatures range from 18 to 21 degrees (C) to 27 to 30 degrees (C). Precipitation ranges from 1,400 mm/year to 2,000 mm/year in the center of the ecoregion.^[2]

Flora and fauna

Over 90% of the ecoregion is closed forest of broadleaf evergreen. Another 6% is other types of open or closed forest, and 3% is herbaceous cover.^[4] Characteristic tree species are Entandrophragma congoense, Pentaclethera eetveldeana, Pericopsis elata (also known as African teak), and Gilbertiodendron dewevrei. Raffia palm is found along the rivers.^[2]

Primates richness is the highest in Africa; Cameroon alone has 29 species of primate, including the Western lowland gorilla, the vulnerable mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), and the endangered Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).^[5]

Protected areas

A 2017 assessment found that 91,395 km², or 21%, of the ecoregion is within protected areas. 40% of the unprotected area is still forested.^[8] Protected areas include:

Boumba Bek National Park, (Cameroon)
Dja Faunal Reserve, (Cameroon)
Lobéké National Park, (Cameroon)
Nki National Park (Cameroon),
Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (Central African Republic),
Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, (Central African Republic)
Nouabale-Ndoki National Park, (Central African Republic)
Odzala-Kokoua National Park (Republic of the Congo), and
Ivindo National Park, (Gabon)
Minkébé National Park, (Gabon)
Mwangne National Park (Gabon).

Dzanga-Sanga, Dzanga-Ndoki, Nouabale-Ndoki, and Lobéké national parks and the Dzanga Sangha Special Reserve form the transboundary Dzanga-Sangha Complex of Protected Areas that extends across 4,589 km² of Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Republic of the Congo.

External links

Congo Basin Ecoregions, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

References

^ Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [1]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Northwestern Congolian lowland forests". World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Northwestern Congolian lowland forests". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Northwestern Congolian lowland forests". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
^ Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [2]