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Nicholas More
Nicholas More
Born	London, England
Died	1689; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Resting place	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Occupation	Judge
Known for	First judge to be impeached in colonial America
Spouse	Mary
Children	four

Nicholas More (died 1689) was first chief justice of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania.

Early life and education

More, also spelled "Moore" or "Moor", was born in London, England,^[1] where he married his wife Mary.^[2]

In 1682, More immigrated to the Thirteen Colonies along with William Penn, and lived in the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania.^[3]^[2] More was trained in London as a medical physician, but he did not engage in that profession after immigrating to British America.^[2]

Soon after settling in the Society Hill section of Philadelphia, he set up "The Free Society of Traders", and became its president.^[2] Along with other English merchants, More obtained a parcel of land including just under ten thousand (9,815)^[4] acres from Penn for the society in 1684, which became known as the Manor of Moreland.^[5]

Part of the land was in Philadelphia County and part was in Montgomery County. More had a town house at the corner of Second and Spruce streets in Philadelphia.^[1] He also had a country house at Green Spring, near the Somerton section of Philadelphia.^[6]

Career

More became the president or speaker of the first provincial assembly of freemen of Pennsylvania,^[2]^[7] which assembled on December 4, 1682 in Chester, Pennsylvania. He was secretary and clerk to the provincial council in 1683,^[7] and became a member of the assembly from 1684 to 1685.^[2]

More was the presiding judge of Philadelphia county courts from 1683 to 1684. He claimed he was an attorney in London, so Penn appointed him to become the first chief justice of the supreme court of the Province of Pennsylvania in 1684.^[2]

Because of his arrogant and contentious demeanor he was impeached on May 15, 1685 for "high crimes and misdemeanors",^[6] charged with abusing his powers.^[2]^[7] Ten charges were brought against him^[2] in what was the first case impeachment case of a judge in America.^[8]^[9]

A letter including More's impeachment was forwarded to Penn, who was then in England.^[6] He did not grant his official approval of More's impeachment, and expressed confidence in More's abilities. In 1686, Penn nominated him as one of the five commissioners for the executive branch of the Province of Pennsylvania's government.^[6] More was later given back his position as chief justice of the colony of Pennsylvania and his job as judge.^[6] More made a jail at his country home grounds at Green Spring, and developed a court for hearing cases for prisoners.^[6]

Even though More was elected a member of the board of five commissioners for the executive government, he was unable to serve the position because of his poor health.^[2]

Death

More died in Philadelphia, in 1689.^[7] He was survived by his wife and four children.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Biographers 1936, p. 338.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Malone & American Council of Learned Societies 1934, p. 155.
^ Biographers 1936, pp. 338–9.
^ Buck 1884, p. 975.
^ Tuller, Roberta (2013). "An American Family History". Retrieved 26 November 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Biographers 1936, p. 339.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilson & Fiske 1898, p. 389, v.4.
^ Malone & American Council of Learned Societies 1934, p. 155 "Shortly after his appointment as chief justice, More became involved in a dispute with the assembly which culminated in the first impeachment trial in American history. ... He was expelled from the assembly and suspended from his judicial position (June 2, 1685), but the council refused to sanction the impeachment proceedings..
^ Kane, Anzovin & Podell 1997, p. 152, item 2718 The first Judge to be impeached was Nicolas More, chief justice of colonial Philadelphia. He fell under such displeasure that the assembly on May 15, 1685, presented 10 charges of impeachment against him to the council. Among other offenses he was charged with "assuming to himself an unlimited and arbitrary power in office." He was expelled on June 2, 1685, but the council refused to sanction the impeachment proceedings.".