National epic

Karelian poem singing brothers Poavila and Triihvo Jamanen reciting traditional Finnish folk poetry, Russia, 1894.
Modern depiction of Vyasa narrating the Mahabharata to Ganesha at the Murudeshwara temple, Karnataka.

A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks to or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy. National epics frequently recount the origin of a nation, a part of its history, or a crucial event in the development of national identity such as other national symbols.

History

First page of Beowulf in Cotton Vitellius A. xv
Ján Hollý - author of the Slovak national epic poem Svatopluk.
Elias Lönnrot - author of the Finnish national epic poem Kalevala.
Dante Alighieri - author of the Divine Comedy.

In medieval times Homer's Iliad was taken to be based on historical facts, and the Trojan War came to be considered as seminal in the genealogies of European monarchies.[1] Virgil's Aeneid was taken to be the Roman equivalent of the Iliad, starting from the Fall of Troy and leading up to the birth of the young Roman nation. According to the then-prevailing conception of history,[vague] empires were born and died in organic succession and correspondences existed between the past and the present. Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century classically inspired Historia Regum Britanniae, for example, fulfilled this function for the British or Welsh. Just as kings longed to emulate great leaders of the past, Alexander or Caesar, it was a temptation for poets to become a new Homer or Virgil. In 16th-century Portugal, Luís de Camões celebrated Portugal as a naval power in his Os Lusíadas while Pierre de Ronsard set out to write La Franciade, an epic meant to be the Gallic equivalent of Virgil's poem that also traced back France's ancestry to Trojan princes.[2]

The emergence of a national ethos, however, preceded the coining of the phrase national epic, which seems to originate with Romantic nationalism. Where no obvious national epic existed, the "Romantic spirit" was motivated to fill it. An early example of poetry that was invented to fill a perceived gap in "national" myth is Ossian, the narrator and supposed author of a cycle of poems by James Macpherson, which Macpherson claimed to have translated from ancient sources in Scottish Gaelic. However, many national epics (including Macpherson's Ossian) antedate 19th-century romanticism.

Adam Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz (1834) is often considered the last epic poem in European literature.[3][4]

Since the early 20th century, the phrase has no longer necessarily applied to an epic poem, and occurs to describe a literary work that readers and critics agree is emblematical of the literature of a nation, without necessarily including details from that nation's historical background. In this context the phrase has definitely positive connotations, as for example in James Joyce's Ulysses where it is suggested Don Quixote is Spain's national epic while Ireland's remains as yet unwritten:

They remind one of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. Our national epic has yet to be written, Dr Sigerson says. Moore is the man for it. A knight of the rueful countenance here in Dublin.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Paul Cohen, "In search of the Trojan Origins of French", in Fantasies of Troy, Classical Tales and the Social Imaginary in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Alan Shepard, Stephen David Powell eds., published by the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2004, p. 65 sq., ISBN 0-7727-2025-8. "Like many of their counterparts across Europe, seventh-century scholars in France had invented a myth of the Trojan origins of Gaul" (p. 67)
  2. ^ Epic(in French) Liliane Kesteloot, University of Dakar
  3. ^ Czesław Miłosz, The history of Polish literature. IV. Romanticism, p. 228. Google Books. University of California Press, 1983. ISBN 0-520-04477-0. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Pan Tadeusz Poem: Five things you need to know about this epic Polish masterpiece". Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  5. ^ James Joyce. Ulysses, Vintage Books, New York, 1961, 189 (p.192)


Read other articles:

Golasecca

Golasecca comune di Italia Golasecca (it) Tempat categoria:Articles mancats de coordenades Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaLombardiaProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Varese NegaraItalia Ibu kotaGolasecca PendudukTotal2.621  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah7,44 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian280 m Berbatasan denganSesto Calende Somma Lombardo Castelletto sopra Ticino Vergiate SejarahSanto pelindungMaria Diangkat ke Surga Informasi tambahanKode pos21010 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode...

 

Katedral La Vega

Katedral La VegaGereja Katedral Bunda Maria Dikandung Tanpa Noda di La VegaSpanyol: Catedral de la Inmaculada Concepcióncode: es is deprecated Katedral La Vega19°13′26″N 70°31′58″W / 19.22389°N 70.53278°W / 19.22389; -70.53278Koordinat: 19°13′26″N 70°31′58″W / 19.22389°N 70.53278°W / 19.22389; -70.53278LokasiLa VegaNegara Republik DominikaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifArs...

 

Bakteri pemakan nilon dan kreasionisme

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Penemuan bakteri pemakan nilon telah digunakan untuk mengedukasi dan menantang argumen kreasionisme yang melawan evolusi dan seleksi alam. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan enzim baru yang memungkinkan mereka untuk memakan produk sampingan dari pembuatan ...

Chalton Street

Pertokoan di Chalton Street Chalton Street adalah sebuah jalan di lingkungan Somers Town di London, Inggris . Chalton Street panjangnya lebih dari satu kilometer dan membentang dari Euston Road hingga hampir ke Camden Town, sebelum berbelok ke kanan dan berakhir di Rumah Sakit St Pancras . Jalan ini mendefinisikan pusat Kota Somers. Ini terkenal sebagai rumah dari Pasar Jalan Chalton . Itu terletak tepat di sebelah timur stasiun kereta Euston, dengan stasiun bawah tanah Euston telah dibangun ...

 

The Replacements (film)

2000 film by Howard Deutch The ReplacementsTheatrical release posterDirected byHoward DeutchWritten byVince McKewinProduced byDylan SellersStarring Keanu Reeves Gene Hackman Orlando Jones Jon Favreau Brooke Langton Rhys Ifans CinematographyTak FujimotoEdited bySeth FlaumBud S. SmithMusic byJohn DebneyProductioncompanyBel Air EntertainmentDistributed byWarner Bros. PicturesRelease date August 11, 2000 (2000-08-11) Running time118 minutesCountriesUnited KingdomUnited StatesLangua...

 

Komandan Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat

Komandan Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat(CMC)Bendera Komandan Korps MarinirPetahanaJenderal USMC David H. Bergersejak 11 July 2019Department of the NavyAnggotaGabungan Kelapa StafAtasanSecretary of DefenseSecretary of the NavyKantorThe Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.Ditunjuk olehPresidenwith Senate advice and consentMasa jabatan4 tahunRenewable once (In time of war or during a national emergency declared by Congress)Dasar hukum10 U.S.C. § 5043Dibentuk28 November 1775d...

Strada statale 12 racc dell'Abetone e del Brennero

Strada statale 12 raccdell'Abetone e del BrenneroLocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Trentino-Alto Adige Province Bolzano DatiClassificazioneStrada statale InizioInnesto con la SS12 (Km 480+190) FineRotatoria con la SS49 (km 0+000) e innesto con la SS 12 (Km 480+640) Lunghezza0,587 km Data apertura2013 Provvedimento di istituzioneD.M. 10 gennaio 2013, art. 3[1] Manuale La strada statale 12 racc dell'Abetone e del Brennero (SS 12 racc) è una strada statale italiana, racc...

 

Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Politeknik Negeri SriwijayaMotoOn Time; Right Size ;Right RulesMoto dalam bahasa IndonesiaTepat Waktu; Tepat Ukuran; Tepat Aturan.JenisPerguruan Tinggi Negeri PoliteknikDidirikan20 September 1982Dirintis20 September 1982Hari Jadi/Dies NatalisLembaga indukKementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan TeknologiLokasiKampus Bukit Besar, Palembang; Kampus Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, IndonesiaWarnaBiruNama julukanPoliteknik Negeri SriwijayaAfiliasiUniversitas Sriwijaya (sampai 6 Oktober 201...

 

Sir Józef Rotblat

Józef (or Joseph) Rotblat KCMG CBE FRSID badge photo from Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1944.Lahir(1908-11-04)4 November 1908Warsaw, PolandMeninggal31 Agustus 2005(2005-08-31) (umur 96)London, United KingdomTempat tinggalPoland until 1938, United Kingdom afterwardsKebangsaanPolishAlmamaterFree University of PolandUniversity of WarsawUniversity of LiverpoolDikenal atasMedical physics Campaigning for the peaceful use of nuclear technologySuami/istriTola RotblatPenghargaanAlbert Einstei...

The Woman Who Ran

The Woman Who RanPoster filmNama lainHangul도망친 여자 Alih Aksara yang Disempurnakandomangchin yeoja SutradaraHong Sang-sooProduserHong Sang-sooDitulis olehHong Sang-sooPemeranKim Min-heeSeo Young-hwaSong Seon-mi Kim Sae-byukPenata musikHong Sang-sooSinematograferKim Su-minPenyuntingHong Sang-sooPerusahaanproduksiJeonwonsa Film Co.Tanggal rilis 25 Februari 2020 (2020-02-25) (Berlin) Durasi77 menit[1]NegaraKorea SelatanBahasaKorea The Woman Who Ran (Hangul...

 

Hero Supermarket

PT Hero Supermarket TbkSebelumnyaPT Hero Mini Supermarket (1971-1991)JenisPerusahaan publikKode emitenIDX: HEROIndustriRitelDidirikan5 Oktober 1971; 52 tahun lalu (1971-10-05)PendiriMuhammad Saleh KurniaNurhajatiKantorpusatTangerang Selatan, Banten, IndonesiaWilayah operasiIndonesiaTokohkunciIngemar Patrik Lindvall[1](Direktur Utama)Ipung Kurnia[2](Komisaris Utama)ProdukSupermarketPendapatanRp 8,894 triliun (2020)[3]Laba bersihRp -1,218 triliun (2020)[3]To...

 

Шалфей обыкновенный

Шалфей обыкновенный Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:РастенияКлада:Цветковые растенияКлада:ЭвдикотыКлада:СуперастеридыКлада:АстеридыКлада:ЛамиидыПорядок:ЯсноткоцветныеСемейство:ЯснотковыеРод:ШалфейВид:Шалфей обыкновенный Международное научное наз...

Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve

Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve Gray fox kit at the Palo Alto Baylands in California Thorny Wild California rose shelters a gray fox den in the Palo Alto Baylands along Matadero Creek. The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve, known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 ac...

 

Premi César 2004

Gad Elmaleh presentatore della cerimonia La cerimonia di premiazione della 29ª edizione dei Premi César si è svolta il 21 febbraio 2004 al Théâtre du Châtelet di Parigi. È stata presieduta da Fanny Ardant e presentata da Gad Elmaleh. È stata trasmessa da Canal+.[1][2][3] Il film che ha ottenuto il maggior numero di candidature (undici) è stato Bon Voyage di Jean-Paul Rappeneau, mentre i film che hanno vinto il maggior numero di premi (tre) sono stati Bon voyag...

 

Sheela

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Sheela (disambiguasi). SheelaSheela pada 2017LahirSheela24 Maret 1945 (umur 79)Kanimangalam, Kerajaan CochinTempat tinggalChennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaKebangsaan IndiaPekerjaanAktris filmPenulisSutradara filmNovelisPelukisPresenter televisiTahun aktif1962 - 19822003 - sekarangSuami/istriXavier (cerai)Ravichandran (cerai)AnakGeorge VishnuOrang tuaKanimangalam AntonyGracy Sheela (lahir 24 Maret 1945) adalah seorang aktris film India yang bekerja di sinema ...

Миларепа

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Миларепа (значения). Миларепа Шепа Дорджеརྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ Статуя Миларепы в монастыре Миларепа-гомпа в долине Хеламбу, Непал Община кагью Предшественник Марпа Преемник Гампопа Деятельность поэт, писатель,&#...

 

Quân đoàn III (Việt Nam Cộng hòa)

Bài này không có nguồn tham khảo nào. Mời bạn giúp cải thiện bài bằng cách bổ sung các nguồn tham khảo đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ. Nếu bài được dịch từ Wikipedia ngôn ngữ khác thì bạn có thể chép nguồn tham khảo bên đó sang đây. QUÂN ĐOÀN IIIViệt Nam Cộng hòaHuy hiệuHoạt động1959 1975Quốc gia Việt Nam Cộng hòaPhục vụ Quân lực Việt Nam C�...

 

Sovrani di Danimarca

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Danimarca non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. La corona di Danimarca, conservata al castello di Rosenborg Federico X, attuale re di Danimarca Questo è un elenco dei monarchi danesi, ovvero, dei Re e Regine regnanti di Danimarca, inclusi i reggenti dell'Unione di Kalmar. Questi includono: Il Regno di Danim...

Gunfight at the O.K. Corral

1881 shootout in Tombstone, Arizona, United States For the film, see Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (film). O.K. Corral redirects here. For the location, see O.K. Corral (building). The OK Corral redirects here. For the Doctor Who episode, see The Gunfighters. Gunfight at the O.K. CorralTombstone in 1881DateOctober 26, 1881LocationTombstone, Arizona Territory, U.S.31°42′50″N 110°04′03″W / 31.71389°N 110.06750°W / 31.71389; -110.06750Participants Wyatt Earp Mor...

 

Frederick Webb Hodge

American editor, anthropologist, archaeologist and historian Frederick Webb Hodge (October 28, 1864 – September 28, 1956) was an American editor, anthropologist, archaeologist, and historian. Born in England, he immigrated at the age of seven with his family to Washington, DC. He was educated at American schools, and graduated from Cambridge College (now George Washington University). He became very interested in Native American history and cultures, and worked for the Bureau of America...