PROFILPELAJAR.COM

National electronic library
	Screenshot
Type of site	Digital library
Owner	Ministry for Culture of Russia
URL	rusneb.ru
Launched	2004; 21 years ago
Current status	Active

The National Electronic Library (NEL) is a website funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which provides Internet users with access to digitized books, newspapers and magazines in Russian libraries, museums and archives. It is operated by Russian State Library located in Moscow. In November, 2024 the Library reported as having 5,752,597 electronic documents in its collection, of those 94.0 % were available under Open Access terms. The library continues growing its historic collection by scanning additional materials, converting them into text using optical character recognition, and storing in its digital database, capable of full-text search. The site has a mobile application for iOS and Android.^[1]

History

After becoming independent Russia inherited Russian State Library in Moscow, National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, as well as several other libraries of national significance. With the advent of the Digital Age the idea of a national electronic library was brought up on several occasions.^[2] But it was only in 2003, when developments in database architecture as well as in the internet infrastructure, allowed for a practical implementation of this idea in Russia.

In 2003, the project was initiated by the two largest libraries in the country: Russian National Library (RNL) in Saint Petersburg and the Russian State Library (RSL) in Moscow. The libraries approached the Ministry of Culture of Russia with an initiative to create a nation-wide electronic library. In 2004, the personnel of the two aforementioned libraries started joint development of this library.^[3]^[4] The main purpose of the National Electronic Library was to collect, archive and describe electronic documents, that contribute to the preservation and development of national science and culture, as well as making sure that such documents are accessible to the public.^[5] The project was formally announced on December 17, 2008, ^[6]

In 2012, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation included the development of the NEB as a state system in the federal target program “Culture of Russia ( 2012—2018)».^[7] Since 2013, the Ministry of Culture has begun developing the project, allocating funding for the creation of a technological platform, the purchase of copyrights, and the digitization of printed books.

In 2016 the project received Free Knowledge Award from Wikipedia.

In February 2019, the Russian Government approved the Regulation on the Federal State Information System "National Electronic Library". The directive requires mandatory deposit of electronic copies of all works published in Russia.^[8]^[9]

Development of supporting software and data entry

The first stage of project was sponsored by the Russian State Library, that announced an invitation to tender for potential developers at a cost of 12 mln. roubles (ca. US$ 462,000). The project was completed jointly by two Russian companies: CROC and ЕМС. The hardware was purchased from Hewlett-Packard. Document viewing software was procured from DefView.^[10]

Use statistics

book rentals^[11]	reading views
book rentals^[11]	total	Russian State Library	Russian State Library-on line	Other libraries	Opened to everyone
2012	1968405	320764	742977	116390	788274
2013	3186695	328475	716666	201115	1940439
2014	3506507	283502	550208	193782	2479015
2015	9478349	183128	369227	147239	8810478

Criticism

The project has been criticized for the lack of well-defined goals,^[12] restricted access to copyrighted materials, purchase of numerous books, that have little demand from the users, poor library profile in global search engines, missing deadlines by its developers, and their overall underperformance.^[13]