Nation and Destiny

Nation and Destiny
Title screen
Screenplay byRi Chun-gu et al.
Produced byKim Jong Il
Running time
1,070 minutes (parts 1-13)
CountryNorth Korea
LanguageKorean

Nation and Destiny (Korean: 민족과 운명; RR: Minjokgwa ummyeong; MR: Minjokkua unmyŏng) is a 62-part North Korean film series released between 1992 and 2002. It aims to show that the Korean people "can live a glorious life only in the bosom of the Great Leader and socialist fatherland". Kim Jong Il personally chose the title and was extensively involved in the early episodes. Conceived as the largest film series ever produced in any country, it was the largest investment ever made in the history of North Korean cinema. Initially, the most senior writers, directors and actors were involved in the project and it was heavily promoted by the North Korean media. The series was projected to reach 100 episodes, but none have been released since 2002.[1][2][3][4][5]

Notable for its scenes set in the West and South Korea, some of which even filmed on location in western countries not officially at war with North Korea, such as France. It is also noteworthy for its portrayal of the "anti-system figure" Han Sorya, who was purged in the 1960s by Kim Il Sung, in a positive role. This was the first time that an "anti-system figure" has been portrayed heroically on the North Korean screen.[6] According to defectors' testimony, North Korean audiences were engrossed by its depiction of First World affluence.[7][8]

Synopsis

  • Parts 1–4 were based on the life of Choe Deok-sin[9]
  • Parts 5–8 were based on the life of Isang Yun[10]
  • Parts 9–13 were based on the life of Choi Hong Hi[11]
  • Parts 14–16 were based on the life of Ri In-mo[12]
  • Parts 17–19 were based on the life of Ho Jong-suk[13]
  • Parts 20–25 were based on the life of naturalized Japanese women, including Rim Un-jong (Izumi Kiyoshi)[14]
  • Parts 26–36 were based on the life of workers[15]
  • Parts 46–51 were based on the life of Choe Hyon[16]
  • Parts 52–60 were based on the life of people past, present and future across generations[17]
  • Parts 61–62 were based on the life of peasants[18]

Part list

Some parts are said to be censored, as they were not aired on television during chronological airings of the series. Days where a censored part was to be aired featured a regular film until a non-censored part was scheduled to air. As they are censored, information on their creative staff is also unknown. Other films including the series Unsung Heroes have been censored during the transition of power from Kim Jong Il to Kim Jong Un.

Episode Subject Main Scriptwriter Main Director Photography Music Main Actors Main Studio
1 Choe Deok Sin Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O Choe Chang Su, Jon Jae Yon, Kim Ok Hui Korean Film Studio
2 Choe Deok Sin Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui, Pak Ku Ju Korean Film Studio
3 Choe Deok Sin Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Choe Chang Su, Kim Jun Sik, Kim Ryong Rin Korean Film Studio
4 Choe Deok Sin Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Choe Chang Su, Kim Jun Sik, Kim Ryong Rin Korean Film Studio
5 Isang Yun Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Yong Mi Korean Film Studio
6 Isang Yun Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin Korean Film Studio
7 Isang Yun Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin Korean Film Studio
8 Isang Yun Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin Korean Film Studio
9 Choi Hong Hi Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa, O Mi-ran Korean Film Studio
10 Choi Hong Hi Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa, O Mi-ran Korean Film Studio
11 Hong Yong Ja Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O Pak Ki Ju, O Mi-ran, Kim Jong Hwa Korean Film Studio
12 Hong Yong Ja Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Jong Ik Han Ri Jong O O Mi-ran, Kim Jong Un, Ri Sol Hui Korean Film Studio
13 Hong Yong Ja Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Choe Byong Ryol Ri Jong O O Mi-ran, Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa Korean Film Studio
14 Ri In Mo Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Pak Se Ung Ri Jong O Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Kim In Kon Korean 2.8 Film Studio
15 Ri In Mo Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Pak Se Ung Ri Jong O Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Kim In Kon Korean 2.8 Film Studio
16 Ri In Mo Choe Sang Gun Choe Sang Gun Pak Se Ung Ri Jong O Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Hong Kyong Ran Korean 2.8 Film Studio
17 Ho Jong Suk Ri Chun-gu Ri Jae Jun Choe Byong Ryol Ri Jong O Kim Yong Suk, Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui Korean Film Studio
18 Ho Jong Suk Ri Chun-gu Ri Jae Jun Choe Byong Ryol Ri Jong O Kim Yong Suk, Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui Korean Film Studio
19 Ho Jong Suk Ri Chun-gu Ri Jae Jun Choe Byong Ryol Ri Jong O Kim Yong Suk, Kim Kwang Mun, Hong Hwal Cho Korean Film Studio
20
21
22
23
24
25
26 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Yong Ho Ui Yong Song Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae Korean Film Studio
27 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Yong Ho Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae Korean Film Studio
28 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Yong Ho Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae Korean Film Studio
29 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Yong Ho Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Kwak Myong So, Mun Jong Ae Korean Film Studio
30 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Yong Ho Ui Yun Song Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae Korean Film Studio
31 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Kil In Han Ryong Su Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong Korean Film Studio
32 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Kil In Han Ryong Su Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong Korean Film Studio
33 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Kil In Han Ryong Su Hwang Jin Yong Yu Won Jun, Ri Kyong Hui, Ko Sung Ryong Korean Film Studio
34 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Hyon Chol Han Ryong Su Ri Bong Ryong Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong Korean Film Studio
35 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Hyon Chol Han Ryong Su Ri Bong Ryong Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong Korean Film Studio
36 Workers Ri Chun-gu Kim Hyon Chol Han Ryong Su Ri Jong O Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Choe Kwang Song Korean Film Studio
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Jo Kyong Sun O Thae Yong So Jong Kon Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran Korean 4.25 Film Studio
47 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Jo Kyong Sun O Thae Yong Pak Sang Su Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran Korean 4.25 Film Studio
48 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Jo Kyong Sun O Thae Yong Pak Sang Su Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran Korean 4.25 Film Studio
49 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Choe Bu Kil O Thae Yong Pae Yong Sam Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran Korean 4.25 Film Studio
50 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Choe Bu Kil O Thae Yong Pae Yong Sam Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran Korean 4.25 Film Studio
51 Choe Hyon Ri Chun-gu Choe Bu Kil O Thae Yong Pae Yong Sam Choe Bong Sik, O Mi-ran, Ri Won Bok Korean 4.25 Film Studio
52 People of the past, present and future Ri Chun-gu Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Chol, Ri Kum Suk Korean Film Studio
53 People of the past, present and future Ri Chun-gu Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk, Kim Myong Mun Korean Film Studio
54 People of the past, present and future Ri Chun-gu Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk, So Sin Hyang Korean Film Studio
55 People of the past, present and future Ri Chun-gu Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Chol, Kim Son Ok, Kim Myong Mun Korean Film Studio
56 People of the past, present and future Ri Chun-gu Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Ryong Rin, Kim Jong Hwa, Ri Kum Suk Korean Film Studio
57 People of the past, present and future Pak Jong Ju Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Choe Kwang Song Korean Film Studio
58 People of the past, present and future Pak Jong Ju Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk Korean Film Studio
59 People of the past, present and future Pak Jong Ju Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Hyon Chang Kol Korean Film Studio
60 People of the past, present and future Sol Ju Yong Pak Jong Ju Han Ryong Su Ko Su Yong Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Kim Chol Korean Film Studio
61 Peasants Ri Tok Yun Jong Kon Jo Jong Hong Sok Song Tong Hwan Kim Yong Suk, Choe Tae Hyon, Kim Kyong Ae Korean Film Studio
62 Peasants Ri Tok Yun Jong Kon Jo Jong Hong Sok Song Tong Hwan Choe Tae Hyon, Kim Yong Suk, Ri Yong Ho Korean Film Studio

Music

The use of South Korean popular songs was part of a "mosquito-net strategy", whereby it was hoped the North Korean public would be immunised to the culture of the outside world by gradual exposure.[19]

Some of the music used throughout the series include (but not limited to),

References

  1. ^ Schönherr, Johannes (13 August 2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland. p. 115. ISBN 9780786465262. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  2. ^ Wayne, Mike (20 May 2005). Understanding film: Marxist perspectives. Pluto. p. 202. ISBN 9780745319933.
  3. ^ Hoare, James E. (13 July 2012). Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Scarecrow Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780810879874. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  4. ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 468. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  5. ^ Edwards, Matthew (24 July 2018). Film Out of Bounds: Essays and Interviews on Non-Mainstream Cinema Worldwide. McFarland. ISBN 9781476607801. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  6. ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M. E. Sharpe. p. 469. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  7. ^ Lee, Hyangjin (2000). Contemporary Korean Cinema: Culture, Identity and Politics. Manchester University Press. p. 40. ISBN 9780719060083. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  8. ^ Portal, Jane (15 August 2005). Art Under Control in North Korea. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861892362.
  9. ^ Ri 2012, p. 27.
  10. ^ Ri 2012, p. 28.
  11. ^ Ri 2012, p. 29.
  12. ^ Ri 2012, p. 30.
  13. ^ Ri 2012, p. 31.
  14. ^ Ri 2012, p. 32.
  15. ^ Ri 2012, p. 33.
  16. ^ Ri 2012, p. 34.
  17. ^ Ri 2012, p. 35.
  18. ^ Ri 2012, p. 36.
  19. ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M. E. Sharpe. p. 471. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.

Works cited

  • Ri, Ok Gyong (15 September 2012). Hong Chan Su; Ri Un Gyong (eds.). Korean film: Feature Film, TV Drama, Documentary, Science Film, Children's Film / 조선 영화: 예술, 텔레비죤극, 기록, 과학, 아동 (in English and Korean). Translated by Ro Yong Chol, Jang Hyang Gi and Yang Sung Mi. Pyongyang: Korea Film Export & Import Corporation. OCLC 857899124.


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