Māra Zālīte (born 18 February 1952 in Krasnoyarsk) is a Latvian writer[1] and cultural worker.
Zālīte's literary works include poetry, essays, plays, drama, prose and librettos. They often deal with historical problems and have symbolic meanings that correspond with mythology and Latvian culture and people. The author's works have been translated in many languages including Russian, English, German, Swedish, Estonian, and French.[2]
Her first literary works were published in the early 1970s. During the 1980s, Zālīte turned to playwriting, composing librettos for musicals and writing rock operas. Her works have used music by many eminent Latvian artists such as Raimonds Pauls and Jānis Lūsēns.[3]
She has earned many literary prizes and national awards, including the Order of the Three Stars, and is considered one of the greatest Latvian social figures.[4]
Her first prose work – the autobiographical novel “Five fingers” (2013), earned wide recognition from both readers and members of the writing community.[5][6]
She spent 4+1⁄2 years of her childhood in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia until the autumn of 1956 when her parents got the permission to return to their homeland of Latvia. She spent the rest of her childhood in Slampes Kalna Ķivuļi.[8] Zālīte studied elementary and secondary school at Slampes' primary school.[9]
Career
Zālīte is a graduate from Murjāņi sports boarding school (1970) and Faculty of Philology of the University of Latvia (1975) (a former State University). Between years 1974 and 1989, Zālīte worked as a technical assistant at the Writers’ Union of Latvia, as a manager of the New Writers’ Studio and as a poetry consultant for the magazine “Liesma”. In 1989, she became chief editor of the publishing house and magazine Karogs,[10] a position she held until 2000, when she became president of the Latvian Authors’ Association (AKKA/LAA) (2000-2008).[11] She has also been a member of the City Council of the Order of the Three Stars (1999-2006),[12] chairman of a State Language Commission (2002–2004)[13] as well as a member of Chapter of Orders[14] (2006-2007).[15]
She is also a trust member of the National Library Board (since 1998),[16] an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences[17] and one of the 14 founders of “Koknese foundation” (since 2005).[18]
Zālīte has been awarded the Three Star Order, Commemorative Medal of Barricades and has received several literary prizes.[19]
Family
Zālīte has been married to Jānis Ķuzulis since 1979, with whom she has two children – Jānis Ķuzulis and Ilze Ķuzule-Skrastiņa as well as three grandchildren – Krišjānis, Emīlija and Marats.[20] She currently lives in Riga and often stays at her countryside house in Tukums.[21]
The Commemorative Medal for Participants of the Barricades of 1991[23] (Barikāžu piemiņas medaļa) (2000) for sinigificant involvement in the Barricades of 1991.[24]
Cross of Recognition (Atzinības krusts) (12.11.2008) for outstanding merits in social and cultural work, a brilliant creative contribution in Latvian literature and the strengthening of the Latvian language.[25]
The International Baltic Sea Region Jānis Baltvilks Prize in Children's Literature and Book Art prize[26] (2012) for the children tale "Tango un Tūtiņa ciemos" (Tango and Tutina on a visit).[27][28]
The Annual Latvian Literary Award[26] (2001; 2004; 2014) for collection of plays "Sauciet to par teātri"; play "Zemes nodoklis"[29] and autobiographical novel "Pieci pirksti" (Five fingers).[30][31]
Style and genre
At the start of Zālīte's career, during the time of her first significant publication of poem “Balādīte” in the magazine Karogs in 1972;[32] the main ideas in her poetry were about life and youth in the 1970s — looking for the meaning of life, development of personality, values, and overcoming the problems of life.
Alongside with poetry, Zālīte has written drama. In the 1980s, the writer focused more on the philosophical and emotional motifs combining history and modern times as well as referencing ongoing social and political issues, often associated with Latvian culture and mythology. The tragic Latvian fate and nation's longing for freedom is best depicted in the poetry collection “Debesis, debesis” (1988).[33]
Initially, her playwriting developed as a continuation of her poetry. She has written a handful of plays and librettos combining strong individual characters with topics of history, myths and national identity,[34] her most popular one being the libretto for the mythic-symbolic rock opera “The Bearslayer” ("Lāčplēsis") (1987), which became a symbol of the Third Latvian awakening.[35][36]
At the end of the 20th century, Zālīte's 6th poetry collection “Apkārtne” (1997)[37] pictured a person aware of his surroundings and the problems he faces – freedom, chaos, hope, loss and depression.
In all of the author's literary career, her works have been strongly influenced by her childhood,[38] which is best depicted in her first prose works – the autobiographical novels “Five fingers” (2013) and “Paradīzes putni”(2018) that talk about occupation[39] and childhood spent in the Soviet Union's regime. Readers describe these works as poetic, nostalgic and passionate.[40]
Māra Zālīte has also released some literary works for children.[41]
Apkārtne (The World Around Me). Riga, Preses nams, 1997
Dzeja (Poetry). Rīga, Atēna, 2003
Dziesmu rakstā. Riga, Mansards, 2015
Essay collections
Brīvības tēla pakājē (At the Foot of the Statue of Freedom). Australia, Australian Latvian Writers' Days and the Latvian Press Association's Australian Branch, 1990
Kas ticībā sēts (Sowed in Faith). Riga, Rīga, 1997
Novels
Pieci pirksti (Five fingers). Rīga, Mansards, 2013.
Paradīzes putni (Birds of Paradise). Rīga, Dienas grāmata, 2018.
Plays
Pilna Māras istabiņa. Youth Theatre, Riga, 1983
Tiesa (Trial), written 1982. Dailes Theatre, Riga, 1985
Dzīvais ūdens (Living Water). Youth Theatre, Riga, 1988
Eža kažociņš (The Hedgehog’s Prickly Coat). The Theatre of Valmiera, 1993
Margarēta (Margaret). The New Theatre of Riga, 2001
Tobāgo! (Tobago!). Dailes Theatre, Riga, 2001
Zemes nodoklis (All Cats are Human), Dailes Theatre, Riga, 2003
Še Tev žūpu Bērtulis (Surely not Tippler Bertulis). Ogre stage, Ogre, 2004
Pērs Gints nav mājās. Dailes Theatre, Riga, 2007
Lācis. Dailes Theatre, Riga, 2009
Priekules Ikars. Dailes Theatre, Riga, 2009
Librettos
Lāčplēsis (The Bearslayer), 1986/1987
Meža gulbji (The Wild Swans), 1995
Putnu opera (Bird’s Opera), 1997
Kaupēn, mans mīļais! (Kaupen, my dear), 1998
Indriķa hronika (The Chronicle of Henricus), 1999
Neglītais pīlēns (The Ugly Duckling), 2000
Sfinksa, 2000
Hotel Kristina, 2006
Leļļu opera, 2008
Meierovics, 2013
Books for children
Deviņpuiku spēks (Boys to the 9th power). Riga, Liesma, 1985
Mamma un tētis kūrortā (Mama and Papa at a resort). Riga, Dienas Grāmata, 2016
Tango un Tūtiņa ciemos (Tango and Tutina on a visit). Riga, Liels un mazs, 2017
Other works
To mēs nezinām. Sarunas ar Imantu Ziedoni. Riga, Dienas grāmata, 2009
^300 Baltic Writers: Estonia Latvia Lithuania. A reference guide to authors and their works. Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art, University of Latvia, Under and Tuglas Literature Centre of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. 2009. pp. 365, 366. ISBN9789955698999.
