Jabal al-Halāl (Arabic:جبل الحلال) is a mountain in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt. At 910 meters above sea level, it is the highest mountain of the Khashm ar-Rih range.
History
The mountain is located 60km south of al-Arish. It was named "Halal" because of the camels and sheep that used to graze around the mountain. The residents of the mountain are the Tarabin and Tiyaha tribes. The mountain has long been a refuge of smugglers and bandits and has been described as 'controlled by Bedouin outlaws'. According to Ibrahim Hammad, the Bedouin chief of Bir al-Abed, "This mountain is like a ghost area. It hasn't been attacked by outsiders even in the worst security conditions."[1] The area has many land mines.[2]
The perception of the mountain as a notorious hideout for terrorists began in 2004 after the 2004 Sinai bombings. Between 2004-5, the Egyptian Armed Forces conducted months-long security operations here. In 2012, the Egyptian Armed Forces launched "Operation Eagle" in another attempt to root out militants hiding on the mountain after the August 2012 Sinai attack.[5][6]
In March/April 2017, the Egyptian Armed Forces conducted a third security operation named 'Torrent 5' in which they claimed to have cleared the mountain of terrorist hideouts.[7]
^Jarvis, C.S. (1938), "The forty years' wandering of the Israelites", Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 70: 25–40, doi:10.1179/peq.1938.70.1.25
^de Geus, C.H.J. (1977), "Kadesh Barnea: Some geographical and historical remarks", in Brongers, Hendrik Antonie (ed.), Instruction and Interpretation: Studies in Hebrew Language, Palestinian archaeology and biblical exegesis, Leiden: Brill Archive, ISBN90-04-05433-2
