Medal of Freedom (1945)

Medal of Freedom
Obverse and reverse of medal with palm device
TypeMedal
Awarded for"A meritorious act or service which has aided the United States in the prosecution of a war against an enemy or enemies and for which an award of another United States medal or decoration is considered inappropriate"
Country United States
Presented bythe Secretary of State, Secretary of War or Secretary of the Navy
EligibilityAny person not a member of the armed forces of the United States
StatusReplaced 22 February 1963 by Presidential Medal of Freedom[1]
Established1945
First awarded1945
Last awarded1962[2]
TotalOver 20,000
Ribbon bar of the medal
Precedence
Next (higher)Medal for Merit
Next (lower)unspecified

The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honor civilians whose actions aided in the war efforts of the United States and its allies during and beyond World War II. It was intended to be awarded by the secretary of state, the secretary of war, or the secretary of the navy, but presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy also authorized awards.[3] The first woman and American citizen to receive it was Anna M. Rosenberg by Robert P. Patterson on the recommendation of Eisenhower.[4][5]

Description

The medal is a bronze disc whose obverse features the profile of the Statue of Freedom of the US Capitol Building, with the word "FREEDOM" in capital letters in an arc at the bottom of the disc. The reverse features the Liberty Bell surrounded by the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in capital letters. The medal is suspended on a red ribbon with four thin white stripes. The original Executive Order 9586 establishing the medal specified "No more than one Medal of Freedom shall be awarded to any one person, but for a subsequent act or service justifying such an award a suitable device may be awarded to be worn with the medal"[6] and bronze, silver, and gold palm devices were produced and awarded. There is no evidence of U.S. citizens having received these palm devices, whereas some non-U.S. citizens did receive them (e.g. Micheline "Michou" Dumon, Nancy Wake and Andrée de Jongh), and the devices have been interpreted as signifying degrees of the award.[7][8]

Ribbons

Without palm

With bronze palm

With silver palm

With gold palm

See also

References

  1. ^ Kennedy, John F. (22 February 1963). "The Presidential Medal of Freedom". Executive Order 11085. United States Government. Retrieved 24 June 2015. The Medal of Freedom is hereby reestablished as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances.
  2. ^ "Journal of the Orders & Medals Society of America; Volume 14, Issue 1" (PDF). OSMA. January 1963. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  3. ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. (24 June 1980). "Interview With the President Responses to Written Questions Submitted by the EFE Spanish News Agency". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Anna Rosenberg, first woman to receive Medal of Freedom". jwa.org. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Photo of Mrs. Anna Rosenberg being presented the Medal of Freedom by Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson". trumanlibrary.gov. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  6. ^ "Executive Orders Harry S. Truman 1945–1953". Trumanlibrary.org. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  7. ^ "The OMSA Medal Database – WWII Medal of Freedom". OMSA. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  8. ^ "The OMSA Medal Database – Medal of Freedom with Gold Palm". OMSA. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

Read other articles:

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) كأس تركيا 2002–03 تفاصيل الموسم كأس تركيا  النسخة 41  البلد تركيا  التاريخ بداية:5 نوفمبر 2002  نهاية:أ

German game designer Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Rosenberg in 2009 Uwe Rosenberg (born 27 March 1970) is a German game designer and the co-founder of Lookout Games. He initially became known for his card game Bohnanza, which was successful both in Germany and internationally. ...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2016) جوردون جاي روسل (بالإنجليزية: Gordon J. Russell)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 22 ديسمبر 1859(1859-12-22)هنتسفيل، ألاباما الوفاة 14 سبتمبر 1919 (59 سنة)كيرفيل مواطنة الولايات الم...

Indian actor Shanthanu BhagyasarajShanthanu Bhagyaraj at Vaaimai Press MeetBorn (1986-08-24) 24 August 1986 (age 37)Years active1998 (Child artist) 2008–presentSpouse Kiki Vijay ​(m. 2015)​ParentsK. Bhagyaraj (father)Poornima Bhagyaraj (mother)RelativesSaranya Bhagyaraj (sister) Shanthanu Bhagyaraj (born 24 August 1986) is an Indian actor who has worked predominantly in Tamil language films. The son of actors K. Bhagyaraj and Poornima Bhagyaraj, Shanth...

Polyhedral compromise map projection Outline of the octant projection in Codex Atlanticus The octant projection[1][2][3] or octants projection, is a type of map projection[4] proposed the first time, in 1508, by Leonardo da Vinci in his Codex Atlanticus.[5] Leonardo's authorship would be demonstrated by Christopher Tyler, who stated For those projections dated later than 1508,[6] his drawings should be effectively considered the original precurs...

Столинський район Столінскі раён Герб[d] Прапор Район на мапі області Основні дані Країна: Білорусь Область: Берестейська область Населення: 80 695 (2009[1]) Площа: 3342 км² Густота населення: 25 осіб/км² Населені пункти та ради Районний центр: Столин Районна влада Вебст...

The SA was Toyota's first new passenger car design (as opposed to updating the AA) after World War II. It was the first in a family of vehicles before the introduction of the Crown. A series of light trucks also shared the chassis and major components of these passenger cars. All of these vehicles were sold under the Toyopet name. SA Motor vehicle Toyopet SAOverviewManufacturerToyotaProductionOct 1947–May 1952AssemblyHonsha Plant, Toyota City, Aichi, JapanDesignerDr Kazuo KumabeBody and cha...

Indian filmmaker and actor (born 1941) BharathirajaBornChinnasaamy Periyamayathevar (1941-07-17) 17 July 1941 (age 82)[1]Allinagaram, Theni, Madurai District, Madras Presidency, British India.Now Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India.Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, film producer, actorYears active1977–presentSpouse Chandraleela ​(m. 1974)​ChildrenManoj Bharathiraja (b.1976)Janani (b.1979)RelativesManoj Kumar (brother-in-law) Jayaraj Periy...

Sanskrit Hindu text, one of the eighteen major Puranas, story of Krishna For other uses, see Bhagavata Puranas (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Devi-Bhagavata Purana or Bhagavad Gita. Bhagavata Purana manuscripts from 16th- to 19th-century, in Sanskrit (above) and in Bengali Part of a series onVaishnavism Supreme deityMahavishnu Vishnu / Krishna / Rama Important deities Dashavatara Matsya Kurma Varaha Narasimha Vamana Parasurama Rama Balarama Krishna Buddha Kalki Other forms Dhanvant...

2017年公開のアメリカ映画については「Death Note/デスノート」をご覧ください。 DEATH NOTE > デスノート (映画) 『デスノート』は、漫画『DEATH NOTE』を原作とした2006年に公開された日本映画。丸の内ピカデリー3他全国松竹系にて公開された。全体的なストーリーは原作の第一部と第二部の結末をベースに脚色したものとなっている。公開は邦画史上として初の前・後編...

American literary and intellectual historian Ullrich LangerBorn (1954-03-10) March 10, 1954 (age 69)NationalityAmericanOccupation(s)Renaissance literary and intellectual historian and academicAcademic backgroundEducationB.A. in PhilosophyM.A. in French LiteraturePhD in Romance Languages and LiteratureAlma materUniversity of WashingtonPrinceton UniversityThesisRhétorique et intersubjectivité: Les Tragiques d’Agrippa d’Aubigné (1980)Academic workInstitutionsBryn Mawr CollegeUni...

American politician This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Oscar L. Chapman – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Oscar Chapman34th United States Secretary of the InteriorIn officeDecember 1, 1949 – January 20, 1...

1997 film directed by Steven Spielberg This article is about the film. For spin-offs and other items related to it, see Lost World: Crichton novel and adaptations. For other uses, see Jurassic Park 2 (disambiguation). The Lost World: Jurassic ParkTheatrical release posterDirected bySteven SpielbergScreenplay byDavid KoeppBased onThe Lost Worldby Michael CrichtonProduced byGerald R. MolenColin WilsonStarring Jeff Goldblum Julianne Moore Pete Postlethwaite Arliss Howard CinematographyJanusz Kam...

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Короткое замыкание (значения). Возникновение пожара вследствие замкнутых электрических проводов Коро́ткое замыка́ние (КЗ; на сленге электриков — коза, коротыш) — электрическое соединение двух точек электрической цеп�...

Aspect of signs in sing languages A sign language interpreter at a presentation. The hands are facing each other in orientation: one is palm-up, the other palm-down. In sign languages, orientation (ORI) is the distinctive relative degree of rotation of the hand when signing. Orientation is one of five components of a sign, along with handshape (DEZ), location (TAB), movement (SIG), and nonmanual features. See also American Sign Language grammar References vteSign language List of sign languag...

Diplomatic mission of Turkmenistan to the United States Embassy of Turkmenistan, Washington, D.C.LocationWashington, D.C.Address2207 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.Coordinates38°54′43.1″N 77°2′57.4″W / 38.911972°N 77.049278°W / 38.911972; -77.049278AmbassadorMeret Bayramovich Orazov The Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of Turkmenistan to the United States. It is located at 2207 Massachusetts Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C...

1983 film by Peter Hyams The Star ChamberTheatrical release posterDirected byPeter HyamsScreenplay by Roderick Taylor Peter Hyams Story byRoderick TaylorProduced byFrank YablansStarring Michael Douglas Hal Holbrook Yaphet Kotto Sharon Gless CinematographyRichard HannahEdited byJames MitchellMusic byMichael SmallProductioncompanyFrank Yablans PresentationsDistributed by20th Century FoxRelease date August 5, 1983 (1983-08-05) Running time108 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEng...

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Jackson King V – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Jackson King VJS30KV, an entry level model in production since the 2000sManufacturerJackson GuitarsPeriod1980s–presentConstructionBody typeSolidNeck joi...

Hamburger sold by McDonald's McDouble Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. The McDouble is a hamburger sold by the fast-food restaurant chain McDonald's. It is a variation on the double cheeseburger, with only one slice of cheese placed between the two beef patties. It was introduced in 1997. It is one of the cheapest products sold by the company, and for this reason i...

Species of flowering plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Araliaceae Genus: Hydrocotyle Species: H. vulgaris Binomial name Hydrocotyle vulgarisL. Hydrocotyle vulgaris, the marsh pennywort, common pennywort, water naval, money plant, lucky plant or copper coin,[2] is a small creeping aquatic per...