March 2023 French votes of no confidence

March 2023 French votes of no confidence
Date17 March 2023
LocationNational Assembly, France
CauseThe Government invoking Article 49.3 of the Constitution on the 2023 pension reform bill
Participants
OutcomeMotions defeated

Two motions of no confidence in the minority government of Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne were tabled on 17 March 2023 in the French National Assembly.

One motion was proposed by a cross-party alliance that included the left-wing NUPES and the regionalist LIOT (introduced by Bertrand Pancher and defended by Charles de Courson); the other by the right-wing populist National Rally (introduced by Marine Le Pen and defended by Laure Lavalette). The two motions were introduced in response to the government's use of constitutional article 49.3 to pass a controversial law that raised the retirement age from 62 to 64.[1][2][3][4][5] On 20 March, both motions were voted down. The cross-party motion failed by a margin of 9 votes, the slimmest since 1990.[6]

The National Rally (RN) voted in favour of both motions, while the majority of The Republicans (LR) deputies did not vote in favour of either one.

Text of motions

Cross-party motion

The Government has decided to make use of Article 49 paragraph 3 of the Constitution on the draft law concerning financing of Social Security for 2023 and pension reform. This decision is the culmination of an opposition to democracy that is unacceptable in its constancy and contempt for our institutions and our social bodies. The fact this pension reform was introduced through a draft law concerning financing of Social Security proves a manifest and unprecedented misuse of parliamentary procedure and of Article 47-1 of our Constitution. A social security-financing bill, intended to make only marginal adjustments to the social security financing law previously passed during the fiscal year, cannot be used to alter one of the major components of our social contract. If this method were to become common practice, it would set a dangerous precedent that would allow governments to push through sweeping social reforms through the backdoor, using coercion and procedures dangerous to our democracy. The Government has therefore chosen to bypass our institutions in order to adopt an unjust reform that did not enjoy the support of the population while the opinion of Parliament was not taken into account. The spirit of the Constitution has clearly been hijacked here, which is why the opinion of the Council of State, warning of the constitutional risks induced by this bill and measures that had nothing to do with it, was deliberately not transmitted to the people’s representatives. The application of Article 47-1 of the Constitution has imposed a tight 50 days deadline on the time allotted for debate on this measure, making it impossible to have a calm and in-depth discussion on this subject. As a result, the National Assembly considered only the first two articles. Moreover, it rejected Article 2 by a large margin. And yet, the latter was included in the text transmitted to the Senate by the Government. In the end, this bill was never backed by the National Assembly. It has no parliamentary legitimacy. Even the debates in the Senate have been constrained by the use of blocked voting under Article 44 paragraph 3 of our Constitution. No sincere lover of democracy attached to the Republic can accept the imposition of such hasty conditions on the examination on a bill that will have a strong impact on the lives of millions of our countrymen for decades. The same method based on haste was employed during the semblance of prior consultation with the social partners. The Social Republic, as defined in Article I of our Constitution, has been flouted. But above all, how can we want to force through a reform that reaps massive opposition from the population? This pension reform project has neither social legitimacy, nor popular legitimacy, nor democratic legitimacy. That is why, in accordance with the provisions of Article 49 paragraph 3 of the Constitution and of Articles 153 et seq. of the Standing Orders of the National Assembly, we, the Deputies, have tabled this motion of censure.[a][7]

National Rally motion

The Prime Minister having chosen to resort to Article 49, paragraph 3 of the Constitution to adopt an unjust and unnecessary reform, that of raising the age of retirement by two years, we, the members of the National Rally Group, have decided to make use of the provisions of Article 49 paragraph 3 of the Constitution and of the Rules 153 et seq. of the Standing Orders of the National Assembly to censure the government. While the French are massively demonstrating their opposition to this reform, the people's representatives were not, at any time, able to vote on this text, which is, despite the legality of the process, a serious attack on democratic principles. That is why we have tabled this motion of censure so that this iniquitous reform is not adopted.[b][7]

Results

Cross-party motion of no confidence

Motion of no confidence
NUPES, LIOT
Tabled by Bertrand Pancher
and 90 other Members
Ballot → 20 March 2023
Required majority → 287 out of 573 ☒N
Votes in favour
278 / 573
Abstentions or absentees[c]
295 / 573
Source

Motion of no confidence by the RN

Motion of no confidence
RN
Tabled by Marine Le Pen
and 87 other Members
Ballot → 20 March 2023
Required majority → 287 out of 573 ☒N
Votes in favour
  • RN (88)
  • LR (3)
  • NI (2)
  • SOC (1)
94 / 573
Abstentions and absentees[c]
479 / 573
Source

Notes

  1. ^ Original: "Le Gouvernement a décidé de faire usage de l’article 49 alinéa 3 de la Constitution sur le projet de loi de financement rectificative de la Sécurité sociale pour 2023 portant réforme des retraites. Cette décision est l’apogée d’un déni de démocratie inacceptable dans sa constance et son mépris de nos institutions et de nos corps sociaux. Le véhicule législatif portant cette réforme des retraites, un projet de loi de financement rectificative de la Sécurité sociale, témoigne d’un détournement manifeste et inédit de la procédure parlementaire et de l’article 47-1 de notre Constitution. Ce type de projet de loi destiné à n’apporter en cours d’exercice budgétaire que des ajustements à la marge à la loi de financement de la sécurité sociale précédemment votée, ne saurait servir à transformer l’une des composantes majeures de notre contrat social. Si cette méthode venait à prospérer, elle créerait un précédent dangereux qui permettrait aux gouvernements de faire passer de vastes réformes sociales par des procédures détournées, contraintes, et dangereuses pour notre démocratie. Le Gouvernement a donc fait le choix d’un contournement de nos institutions dans le but de faire adopter une réforme injuste qui ne bénéficiait pas du soutien de la population alors que celui du Parlement ne lui était pas acquis. L’esprit de la Constitution a ici clairement été détourné, raison pour laquelle l’avis du Conseil d’État, mettant en garde sur les risques constitutionnels induits par ce projet de loi et des mesures qui n’avaient rien à y faire, n’a à dessein pas été transmis à la représentation nationale. L’application de l’article 47-1 de la Constitution a enserré et contraint les délais de discussion du texte sous 50 jours, rendant impossible tout débat serein et approfondi. Résultat : l’Assemblée nationale n’a examiné que les deux premiers articles. Elle a d’ailleurs, à une large majorité, rejeté l’article 2. Et pourtant, ce dernier figurait dans le texte transmis au Sénat par le Gouvernement. Au final, jamais ce projet de loi n’aura été voté par l’Assemblée nationale. Il ne dispose d’aucune légitimité parlementaire. Même les débats au Sénat ont été contraints par le recours au vote bloqué en vertu de l’article 44 alinéa 3 de notre Constitution. Nul démocrate sincère attaché à la République ne peut accepter de telles conditions d’examen précipitées sur un texte qui aura de fortes incidences sur la vie de millions de nos compatriotes pour des décennies. La même méthode basée sur la précipitation a présidé au semblant de concertation préalable avec les partenaires sociaux. La République sociale, telle que définie à l’article premier de notre Constitution, a été bafouée. Mais surtout, comment vouloir passer en force sur une réforme récoltant une opposition massive de la population ? Ce projet de réforme des retraites n’a ni légitimité sociale, ni légitimité populaire, ni légitimité démocratique. C’est pourquoi, conformément aux dispositions de l’article 49 alinéa 3 de la Constitution et aux articles 153 et suivants du règlement de l’Assemblée nationale, nous, députées et députés, déposons la présente motion de censure."
  2. ^ Original: "La Première ministre ayant choisi de recourir à l’article 49, alinéa 3 de la Constitution pour faire adopter une réforme injuste et inutile, celle du recul de l’âge de départ à la retraite de deux ans, nous, députés du Groupe Rassemblement national, décidons de faire usage des dispositions de l’article 49 alinéa 3 de la Constitution et des articles 153 et suivants du Règlement de l’Assemblée nationale pour censurer le gouvernement. Alors que les Français manifestent massivement leur opposition à cette réforme, la représentation nationale n’a, à aucun moment, pu voter sur ce texte ce qui est, malgré la légalité du processus, une atteinte grave aux principes démocratiques. C’est pourquoi nous déposons cette motion de censure afin que cette réforme inique ne soit pas adoptée."
  3. ^ a b In the French National Assembly, motions of no confidence are voted on by open ballot, with only those in favor of the motion taking part in the vote. Since a majority of the entire membership is required, those who are absent or do not cast a ballot are de facto voting against.

References

  1. ^ "Réforme des retraites : le groupe Liot a déposé motion de censure « transpartisane »" (in French). Ouest-France.
  2. ^ "Macron 'stuck' in pension reform war over EU demands as unrest continues on French streets". 17 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Macron Government Bypasses France's National Assembly to Pass Pension Overhaul". 17 March 2023.
  4. ^ "France's Macron risks his government to raise retirement age". 16 March 2023.
  5. ^ "Macron enrages France by forcing through pension bill with no vote. But few think he'll be forced out". CNBC.
  6. ^ "Retraites : une motion de censure qui échoue à neuf voix près, est-ce exceptionnel ?", Le Figaro, 21 March 2023.
  7. ^ a b "PLFRSS pour 2023 : discussion et vote sur deux motions de censure" [PLFRSS for 2023: discussion and vote on two motions of censure] (in French).

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