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Léon-Clément Gérard
Léon-Clément Gérard
Born	18 March 1810; Cogne, Aoste, Doire, French Empire
Died	1 November 1876; Aosta, Duchy of Aosta, Italy
Occupation(s)	Cathedral canon; Author-polemicist

Léon-Clément Gérard (18 March 1810 – 1 November 1876) was a churchman in the Val d'Aoste who became a cathedral canon in nearby Aosta. Within the church he came to prominence as a controversialist, notably on account of his long-standing record of theological and very public feuding with Félix Orsières to whose polemical Liberal Catholicism Gérard, alongside his colleagues within the Aosta cathedral establishment, he was strongly opposed. His church career culminated in his appointment as diocesan archpriest. It is, however, on account of his activities as a prolific writer, in particular of religious and regional publications, that he came to wider prominence.^[1]^[2]

In 1859/1860 Aosta became part of Italy. Despite an energetic campaign of population shifting and language suppression under Mussolini, the French language is still very widely spoken in the Val d'Aoste. In the nineteenth century variations of French dominated overwhelmingly. In his published output Gérard used French.^[3]

Biography

Léon Clément Gérard was born in Cogne, a small iron mining town in the mountains a short distance to the south of Aosta. Jean-Joseph de Jean-Antoine Gaspard, his father, was an agricultural smallholder. His mother's birth name, Marie Buthier, indicates that she, like her husband, came from an established local family.^[4] Gérard studied for the priesthood and was ordained on 23 September 1833.^[5]

His first posting following ordination was as Vicar of Ayas between 1833 and 1835. That was followed by a longer incumbency, between 1835 and 1843, at the little spa resort of Saint-Vincent. He then undertook a curacy at La Salle between 1843 and 1856.^[5] Here he was able to consecrate the newly rebuilt little church on 17 August 1847.^[6] During his time at La Salle, on 4 July 1845 he was recruited as a member of the chapter at the cathedral in Aosta, some 20 km / 12 miles down the valley, undertaking both jobs simultaneously.^[6] On 22 January 1856 he was transferred from La Salle to Saint-Jean-Baptiste, a city-center parish for which the cathedral also serves as the parish church:^[7] here he held the curacy till his death some twenty years later.^[5] He was appointed deputy archpriest on 10 April 1856 and then diocesan archpriest on 4 January 1860.^[6]

Polemicist and author

Gérard's first published works were poems included in "Feuille d'Annonces d'Aoste", the leading local newspaper before 1848. This involved working with the progressive canon Félix Orsières (among others). At the Feuille d'Annonces, Gérard and Orsières became two of the seven contributing poets identified collectively as the "Pléiade valdôtaine" (literally, "Pleiades of the Aosta Valley").^[5]^[8] The 1848 Statute of [King] Charles Albert triggered a political change towards liberalism which was followed swiftly by a succession of upheavals in the newspaper industry.^[9] The catholic conservative "Indépendant" was launched on 1 March 1849, in part as a reaction to the more liberal tone being adopted by the existing mainstream regional media: Gérard he was one of those who switched from the Feuille d'Annonces, becoming instead a regular contributing editor to the new newspaper for the four years until 1853 when its "radical anticlericalism" led to its cessation.^[9] During 1850/51 Gérard emerged as the principal press interlocutor of the Bishop of Aosta, André Jourdain and of the more conservative among the regional churchmen more generally.^[5] This, along with aspects of his own views and temperament, set up a long-standing and increasingly intense hostile relations between Gérard and the progressive Canon Orsières^[10] with whom he had worked on the "Feuille d'Annonces d'Aoste". Their differences were played out in print and centred on the role of the church in society. The dispute came to an end only in 1855, when Orsières, threatened with excommunication, was persuaded to sign a retraction and agree to submit to the "holy congregation" - in effect a quasi-judicial tribunal of priests set up by the bishop, which had robustly rejected Orsières' position on a series of social and ecclesiastical matters on which Bishop Jourdain followed the robustly traditionalist views of the church under the leadership of the recently elected Pope Pius IX.^[11]

The twenty-first century commentators Joseph-Gabriel Rivolin and Omar Borettaz find Gérard's polemical approach and theology a little "old fashioned" ("...démodés").^[5] Old-fashioned or not, according to the Val d'Aoste scholar Abbé Henry, the surviving published legacy of Léon-Clément Gérard comprises more than 50,000 verses, which together constitute an important element in the Valdôtain literary heritage.

Memberships

On 22 April 1856 Gérard became a member of the Saint-Anselme Academy.^[6]^[12]

Output (selection)

Polemics attacking the reformer Canon Orsières

Études critiques sur quelques articles de la Feuille d'annonces d'Aoste. - Imprimerie de D. Lyboz, 1848.
Le Misanthrope à nu, ou, Réfutation du tartuffe dévoilé A. Burdet, 1850
Remède au poison, ou, Réfutation d'une petite brochure intitulée : Quelle doit être l'influence du clergé ?. - Lyboz, 1850.
Le Prêtre contre l'évangile, ou, Cranmer devant Cromwell. Imprimerie d'Aimé Burdet, 1851.
Réponse à l'opuscule le progrès d'Orsières, 1864.

On religious topics

Le Guide du catholique, ou, Préservatif contre le protestantisme. Typographie Mensio, 1857
Le Parfum de l'autel, ou, Recueil de poésies sacrées Imprimerie J.-B. Mensio, 1871
Poésies en l'honneur de sa Sainteté Pie IX, Imprimerie J.-B. Mensio, 1871
L'Imitation de Jésus-Christ Imprimerie de J.-B. Mensio, 1873
Le Petit Catéchisme, ou, Méthode à suivre pour enseigner aux petits enfants
Les Principaux Mystères de notre sainte religion . Imprimerie de J.-B. Mensio, 1873
La Harpe sainte , Imprimerie de Jean-Baptiste Mensio, 1875
Le Bon Ami des enfants, ou, Souvenir de la première communion Imprimerie Louis Mensio, 1879

Regionalist works

La Vallée d'Aoste sur la scène Imprimerie Mensio, 1862, Editions de la Vallée d'Aoste, 1926 réédition Librairie valdotaine 1985
Les Amours et les veillées parmi les habitants des campagnes . – Franco, traduction par Gérard Léon-Clément. -Imprimerie D. Lyboz, 1863
Petite Anthologie valdôtaine, 1964

Translations into French verse

Livre de Job 1851
Discours sur la montagne 1852
Divers cantiques de l'Écriture sainte 1853
L'Imitation de Jésus-Christ 1853
Livre de l'Ecclésiaste 1853
Lamentations de Jérémie 1854
La Christiade : poème du sauveur du monde de Marco Girolamo Vida, H. Goemaere, Bruxelles 1867 et Imprimerie J.-B. Mensio, Aoste 1876.

Gérard also authored several supposedly more light-hearted works such as "Le Nez de Farinet", "Mantellus" and a "Collection of songs, charades and epigrams".

References

^ Gian Mario Navillod (compiler). "Le chanoine Gérard, Léon-Clément Gérard". Tapazovaldoten. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ "L'exposition Léon-Clément Gérard et les poètes valdôtains du XIXe siècle à la bibliotèque d'Aoste". Assessorat de l’éducation et de la culture – Bureau de presse de la Région Autonome Vallée d’Aoste. Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ Giuseppe Zoppelli (2007). "Valle D'Aosta". Italian Dialect Poetry. Department of Modern Languages and Literatures Brooklyn College (Journal of Italian Translation), NY. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ Acte de décès n°110 Aoste du 1 novembre 1876
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Joseph-Gabriel Rivolin; Omar Borettaz (2020). "Léon-Clément Gérard e i poeti valdostani del XIX secolo ".... patriarche des poètes valdôtains, notre chantre national"" (PDF). Anniversari 200 anni dalla nascita (1810-2010). Biblioteca regionale di Aosta. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d L'Abbé Pierre-Étienne Duc [in French]. "Clergé d'Aoste 1800 - 1870". J.B. Mensio (editor-printer). p. 86. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ "Parroco di San Giovanni Battista". Cattedrale di Aosta. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ "Biographie: Léon-Clément Gérard (1810-1876)" (PDF). Corresponances: Auteurs valdôtains - Le XIXe Siècle. Assessorat de l'éducation et de la culture de la Région autonome Vallée d'Aoste. May 2013. pp. 117–119. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b "450e Anniversaire: Le français: langue officielle des Valdôtains .... La "Feuille d'Annonces d'Aoste"" (PDF). ... pour rappeler cet anniversaire fondamental que «Le Peuple Valdôtain» publie une série d’articles parcourant les étapes de l’histoire linguistique et littéraire de la Vallée d’Aoste. Union Valdôtain (Le Peuple Valdôtain), Aosta. 30 June 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
^ J.M.F. Orsières (1839). Historique du pays d'Aoste. D. Lyboz.
^ Marco Cuaz (compiler-author-publisher) (2006). "L'Ottocento". Storia della Storie della Valle d’Aosta. Retrieved 4 June 2020. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^ "Mille ans de culture valdôtaine". Culture valdôtaine. Système Valdôtain des Bibliothèques. Retrieved 3 June 2020.