Lotería

This article is about the Mexican game. For the horse racing event, see Gran Premio Lotteria. For the fast food chain, see Lotteria.
Not to be confused with the national lottery in Spanish-speaking nations (i.e. Lotería Nacional).
Lotería
Five lotería boards arranged in a fan
Lotería boards
Other namesMexican bingo,[1] Chalupa
LanguagesSpanish
ChanceHigh
Materials requiredcards

Lotería (Spanish word meaning "lottery") is a traditional Mexican board game of chance, similar to bingo, but played with a deck of cards instead of numbered balls. Each card has an image of an everyday object, its name, and a number, although the number is usually ignored. Each player has at least one tabla, a board with a randomly created 4 × 4 grid selected from the card images. Players choose a tabla ("board") to play with, from a variety of previously created tablas, each with a different selection of images.

The traditional Lotería card deck is composed of 54 different cards, each with a different picture. To start the game, the caller (cantor, "singer") shuffles the deck. One by one, the caller picks a card from the deck and announces it to the players by its name, sometimes using a verse before reading the card name. Each player locates the matching pictogram of the card just announced on their board and marks it off with a chip or other kind of marker. In Mexico, it is traditional to use pennies, crown corks or pinto beans as markers. The winner is the first player that shouts "¡Lotería!" after completing a pattern on their tabla, similar to bingo: row, column, diagonal, four corners, or unique to this game, four in a square (pozo).

History

Lotería game based on cacao being played at the Universum museum in Mexico City
Set up of a lotería game at the Museo de Culturas Populares in Toluca
Animation showing traditional ways to win

The origin of lotería can be traced far back in history. The game originated in Italy in the 15th century and was brought to New Spain (modern Mexico) in 1769.[citation needed] In the beginning, lotería was a hobby of the upper classes,[1] but eventually it became a tradition at Mexican fairs.

Don Clemente Jacques began publishing the game in 1887.[1] His version of the game was distributed to Mexican soldiers along with their rations and supplies.[2]

The images Don Clemente used in his card designs have become iconic in Mexican culture, as well as gaining popularity in the U.S. and some European countries. Don Clemente's cards also had a part in representing and normalizing different aspects of Mexico's national identity during the 19th century. This can be seen with the card of El Soldado ("the soldier") which was used as a symbol to reference war as a part of Mexico's national identity during that time.[3] Many of the pictures used in Don Clemente's lotería resemble the Major Arcana of Tarot cards used for divination (which, in turn, are based on cards used in Tarot card games).[2] Other popular lotería sets are Lotería Leo, Gacela and Lotería de mi tierra.

Alternative versions

Lotería de Pozo is a variant version of the traditional Mexican Lotería, where the basic rules apply. For this version, before the game begins, players agree on how many pozos are to be completed in a row, column or diagonal pattern. A pozo is a group of images in a square. The square may contain 2 x 2 (4) or 3 x 3 (9) images[4] for a traditional tabla.

During the 1930s, the Roman Catholic church devised its own version of la lotería, most likely because of the connections between Don Clemente's popular images and Tarot cards; divination and fortune-telling are prohibited by Catholic doctrine.[5] This alternative lotería deck consisted of Catholic images instead of the traditional images used in the original game, likely allowing devout Catholics a way to enjoy the game without those "sinful" connotations and giving the Church a way to teach its beliefs by way of the lotería.[1]

With the rise of online gaming and app-based gaming, electronic versions such as the Loteria online game allow computer users to play an online version of the Lotería Mexicana.[6]

Cards and associated verses

Catrina in Chapala, Jalisco with dress of lotería cards

The following is a list of the original 54 lotería cards, traditionally and broadly recognized in Mexico. Along with each card name and number are the verses sometimes used to tell the players which card was drawn. However, there are several less traditional sets of cards, depicting different objects or animals.

No. Name English Verse Translation
1 El gallo the rooster El que le cantó a San Pedro no le volverá a cantar. The one that sang for St. Peter will never sing for him again.
2 El diablito the little Devil Pórtate bien cuatito, si no te lleva el coloradito. Behave yourself buddy, or the little red one will take you away.
3 La dama the lady Puliendo el paso, por toda la calle real. Improving her gait, all along the main street.
4 El catrín the dandy Don Ferruco en la alameda, su bastón quería tirar. Sir Ferruco in the poplar grove, wanted to toss away his cane.
5 El paraguas the umbrella Para el sol y para el agua. For the sun and for the rain.
6 La sirena the mermaid Con los cantos de sirena, no te vayas a marear. Don't be swayed by the songs of the siren. (In Spanish, sirens and mermaids and their song are synonymous.)
7 La escalera the ladder Súbeme paso a pasito, no quieras pegar brinquitos. Ascend me step by step, don't try and skip.
8 La botella the bottle La herramienta del borracho. The tool of the drunk.
9 El barril the barrel Tanto bebió el albañil, que quedó como barril. So much did the bricklayer drink, he ended up like a barrel.
10 El árbol the tree El que a buen árbol se arrima, buena sombra le cobija. He who nears a good tree, is blanketed by good shade.
11 El melón the melon Me lo das o me lo quitas. Give it to me or take it from me.
12 El valiente the brave man Por qué le corres cobarde, trayendo tan buen puñal. Why do you run, coward? Having such a good blade too.
13 El gorrito the little bonnet Ponle su gorrito al nene, no se nos vaya a resfriar. Put the bonnet on the baby, lest he catch a cold.
14 La muerte Death La muerte tilica y flaca. Death, thin and lanky.
15 La pera the pear El que espera, desespera. He who waits despairs. (A pun: espera "waits" and es pera "is a pear" are homophones in Mexican Spanish.)
16 La bandera the flag Verde blanco y colorado, la bandera del soldado. Green, white, and red, the flag of the soldier.
17 El bandolón the mandolin Tocando su bandolón, está el mariachi Simón. There playing his lute, is Simon the mariachi.
18 El violoncello the cello Creciendo se fue hasta el cielo, y como no fue violín, tuvo que ser violoncello. Growing it reached the heavens, and since it wasn't a violin, it had to be a cello.
19 La garza the heron Al otro lado del río tengo mi banco de arena, donde se sienta mi chata pico de garza morena. At the other side of the river I have my sand bank, where sits my darling short one, with the beak of a great blue heron.
20 El pájaro the bird Tu me traes a puros brincos, como pájaro en la rama. You have me hopping here and there, like a bird on a branch.
21 La mano the hand La mano de un criminal. The hand of a criminal.
22 La bota the boot Una bota igual que la otra. A boot the same as the other.
23 La luna the moon El farol de los enamorados. The street lamp of lovers.
24 El cotorro the parrot Cotorro cotorro saca la pata, y empiézame a platicar. Parrot, parrot, stick out your claw and begin to chat with me.
25 El borracho the drunkard A qué borracho tan necio ya no lo puedo aguantar. Oh what an annoying drunk, I can't stand him any more.
26 El negrito the little black man El que se comió el azúcar. The one who ate the sugar.
27 El corazón the heart No me extrañes corazón, que regreso en el camión. Do not miss me, sweetheart, I'll be back by bus.
28 La sandía the watermelon La barriga que Juan tenía, era empacho de sandía. The swollen belly that Juan had, was from eating too much watermelon.
29 El tambor the drum No te arrugues, cuero viejo, que te quiero pa' tambor. Don't you wrinkle, dear old leather, since I want you for a drum.
30 El camarón the shrimp Camarón que se duerme, se lo lleva la corriente. The shrimp that slumbers is taken by the tides.
31 Las jaras the arrows Las jaras del indio Adán, donde pegan, dan. The arrows of Adam the Indian, strike where they hit.
32 El músico the musician El músico trompas de hule, ya no me quiere tocar. The rubber-lipped musician does not want to play for me anymore.
33 La araña the spider Atarántamela a palos, no me la dejes llegar. Beat it silly with a stick, do not let it near me.
34 El soldado the soldier Uno, dos y tres, el soldado pa'l cuartel. One, two and three, the soldier heads to the fort.
35 La estrella the star La guía de los marineros. Sailor's guide.
36 El cazo the saucepan El caso que te hago es poco. The attention I pay you is little. (A pun: caso "attention" and cazo "saucepan" are homophones in Mexican Spanish)
37 El mundo the world Este mundo es una bola, y nosotros un bolón. This world is a ball, and we a great mob. (A pun: bola can mean both "ball, sphere" and "crowd, mob", bolón is a superlative with the latter meaning)
38 El Apache the Apache ¡Ah, Chihuahua! Cuánto apache con pantalón y huarache. Ah, Chihuahua! So many Apaches with pants and sandals.
39 El nopal the prickly pear cactus Al nopal lo van a ver, nomás cuando tiene tunas. People go to see the prickly pear, only when it bears fruit.
40 El alacrán the scorpion El que con la cola pica, le dan una paliza. He who stings with his tail, will get a beating.
41 La rosa the rose Rosita, Rosaura, ven que te quiero ahora. Rosita, Rosaura, come, as I want you here now.
42 La calavera the skull Al pasar por el panteón, me encontré un calaverón. As I passed by the cemetery, I came across a skull.
43 La campana the bell Tú con la campana y yo con tu hermana. You with the bell and I with your sister.
44 El cantarito the little water pitcher Tanto va el cántaro al agua, que se quiebra y te moja las enaguas. So often does the jug go to the water, that it breaks and wets your slip.
45 El venado the deer Saltando va buscando, pero no ve nada. Jumping it goes searching, but it doesn't see anything. (A pun: venado "deer" sounds like ve nada "see nothing")
46 El Sol the sun La cobija de los pobres. The blanket of the poor.
47 La corona the crown El sombrero de los reyes. The hat of kings.
48 La chalupa the canoe Rema que rema Lupita, sentada en su chalupita. Lupita rows as she may, sitting in her little boat.
49 El pino the pine tree Fresco y oloroso, en todo tiempo hermoso. Fresh and fragrant, beautiful in any season.
50 El pescado the fish El que por la boca muere, aunque mudo fuere. The one who dies by its mouth, even if he were mute. (In reference to a fish being hooked by its mouth, even though it doesn't utter a sound.)
51 La palma the palm tree Palmero, sube a la palma y bájame un coco real. Palmer, climb the palm tree and bring me a coconut fit for kings. (Lit: "A royal coconut.
52 La maceta the flowerpot El que nace pa'maceta, no sale del corredor. He who is born to be a flowerpot, does not go beyond the hallway.
53 El arpa the harp Arpa vieja de mi suegra, ya no sirves pa'tocar. Old harp of my mother-in-law, you are no longer fit to play.
54 La rana the frog Al ver a la verde rana, qué brinco pegó tu hermana. What a jump your sister gave, as she saw the green frog.

In 2017, artist Mike Alfaro created Millennial Lotería, reimagining the game for a millennial audience with new cards such as "La hashtag", "La feminist" and "La selfie".[7][8][9]

On December 9, 2019, Google celebrated Lotería with a Google Doodle.[10] The doodle was a game of lotería that could be played with online players. Some new cards are added: El buscador ("the search engine"), El ajolote ("the axolotl"), El emoji ("the emoji"), etc.

In July 2021, Netflix announced a film adaptation based around the game with James Bobin set to direct and Eugenio Derbez in a leading role.[11]

On October 2, 2023, a game show based on lotería premiered on CBS, titled Lotería Loca and hosted by Jaime Camil. On each episode, two contestants compete for a chance to win up to $1 million.

See Also

  • Bài Chòi – a Bingo game from Vietnam that also use cards and a singer

References

  1. ^ a b c d Villegas, Teresa. "History of La Lotería" Archived 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, www.teresavillegas.com
  2. ^ a b "Lotería Cards". Tarot Heritage. 2014-10-01. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
  3. ^ Albarrán, Elena Jackson (January 2005). "Guerrilla Warplay: The Infantilization of War in Latin American Popular Culture". Studies in Latin American Popular Culture. 24: 69–81 – via EBSCOhost.
  4. ^ "Lotería de Pozo". maravillasoftware.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-17. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
  5. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, "Divination and Magic," ¶ 2115-2116. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  6. ^ "How the Loteria Mexicana / Mexican Bingo became an online game?". Maravilla Software. Archived from the original on 2019-06-13. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  7. ^ Real, Jose A. Del (2018-12-30). "'Lotería,' a Beloved Latino Game, Gets Reimagined for Millennials". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
  8. ^ Staff, VICE (2019-01-23). "From La Hashtag to El Hipster: A Millennial Twist on a Classic Mexican Game". Vice. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
  9. ^ "How this Latino made a Lotería for Millennials, combining nostalgia with culture". Independent Español (in Spanish). 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
  10. ^ "Celebrating Lotería!". Google. 2019-12-09. Archived from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
  11. ^ Malkin, Mark (July 15, 2021). "Eugenio Derbez to Star in Netflix Family Film Inspired by Lotería Card Game". Variety. Retrieved July 16, 2021.

Further reading