Led Zeppelin were an English rock band who recorded 94 songs between 1968 and 1980. The band pioneered the concept of album-oriented rock and often refused to release popular songs as singles,[1] instead viewing their albums as indivisible, complete listening experiences, and disliked record labels re-editing their songs for single releases.[2]
Their self-titled debut album, Led Zeppelin, released in early 1969, contained songs that were influenced by the genres of blues, hard rock and heavy metal.[3]Led Zeppelin II, released in October 1969, built upon their debut with a more direct, hard-hitting sound that has become a blueprint for heavy metal bands.[4]Led Zeppelin III (1970) marked a musical growth for the band; half of its songs were hard rockers while the other half were built upon folk and acoustic music that gave it "extra depth".[5] "Immigrant Song", released as a single, was backed by the band's only non-album single, "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do".[6] Their untitled fourth album, commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV,[7] was released in November 1971.[8] Bringing together all the genres from their previous albums,[8] the album contains some of the band's best-known songs, including "Black Dog", "Rock and Roll", "Going to California" and "Stairway to Heaven", referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.[9]
The band's following albums, Houses of the Holy (1973) and Physical Graffiti (1975), continued the band's musical growth.[10][11]Houses of the Holy contained a wider range of musical styles, from the ballad "The Rain Song" to the funk-inspired "The Crunge",[12] while Physical Graffiti was a double album that contained new songs as well as unreleased outtakes from previous albums.[13] The album, like its predecessor, contained a variety of musical styles, including hard rock, funk, acoustic rock, blues, soft and progressive rock, and even country rock.[14][15]Presence (1976) marked a departure from their previous albums by featuring more straightforward, guitar-driven songs with less emphasis on musical experimentation.[1][16]In Through the Out Door (1979), a direct contrast to Presence,[17] featured a keyboard-heavy sound that was dominated by Jones.[18] The album would prove to be their last as a band, as after Bonham's death in September 1980, the remaining members decided to disband the group. Coda (1982) is a collection of outtakes from various sessions during the band's career.[19][20]
^The song was originally credited to "Trad. arr. by Jimmy Page".[37] Bredon was made aware of Led Zeppelin's version and since 1990 the song has been credited to Anne Bredon, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant.[38]
^ abcdePlant was given a songwriting credit in later editions of the album.[46]ISWC: T-070.211.844-2
^Features guest vocals from English singer-songwriter Sandy Denny.[8]
^The original Led Zeppelin II album notes credit Jimmy Page and Robert Plant.[41] The 2004 reissue and subsequent releases credit Dixon solely.
^The original BBC Sessions credits Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, and Sleepy John Estes.[50] The 2016 remastered edition includes "Contains interpolations from "Let Me Love You Baby" by Willie Dixon [and] "Travelling Riverside" by Robert Johnson" and adds Dixon and Johnson to the credits.[51]
^The song contains similarities to the Willie Dixon-penned "You Need Love", first performed by Muddy Waters.[60] Originally uncredited,[41] after a lawsuit in 1985,[38] Dixon is now credited as a co-writer.
^ abcdefghiCoda (liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 1982. 90051-1.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcdefgPresence (liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 1976. SS 8416.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcdIn Through the Out Door (The Companion Disc liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 2015. 8122795579.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcdefgIn Through the Out Door (liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 1979. SSK 59410.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcdefghijklmnoPhysical Graffiti (liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 1975. SSK 89400.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcLed Zeppelin III (The Companion Disc gatefold notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Atlantic Records. 2014. 8122-79644-9.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abLed Zeppelin (Super Deluxe Edition Box page 3 liner notes). Led Zeppelin. Atlantic Records. 2014. R2-536179.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcdeCoda (Companion Audio liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 2015. R1-547430.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcThe Complete BBC Sessions (Credits). Led Zeppelin. UK: Atlantic Records. 2016. 8122-79439-0.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^"Immigrant Song" / "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" (liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Atlantic Records. 1970. 45-2777.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ abcPhysical Graffiti (The Companion Disc liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Swan Song Records. 2015. 8122-79579-3.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^Led Zeppelin II (The Companion Disc (2) liner notes). Led Zeppelin. UK: Atlantic Records. 2014. R1-536180.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)