Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
Czech: Předseda vlády Československa Slovak: Predseda vlády Česko-Slovenska
Coat of arms
Longest serving Lubomír Štrougal 28 January 1970 – 12 October 1988
Appointer	The President
Formation	14 November 1918; 106 years ago (1918-11-14)
First holder	Karel Kramář
Final holder	Jan Stráský
Abolished	31 December 1992; 32 years ago (1992-12-31)
Superseded by	Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Prime Minister of Slovakia

The prime minister of Czechoslovakia (Czech: předseda vlády Československa, Slovak: predseda vlády Česko-Slovenska) was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993.

During periods when the post of the president of Czechoslovakia was vacant, the prime minister took on most presidential duties. However, the Czechoslovak constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

Political parties

Other factions

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Political party
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
1		Karel Kramář (1860–1937)	Czech	14 November 1918	8 July 1919	236 days	ČSND
2		Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924)	Czech	8 July 1919	15 September 1920	1 year, 69 days	ČSSD
3		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	15 September 1920	26 September 1921	1 year, 11 days	Independent
4		Edvard Beneš (1884–1948)	Czech	26 September 1921	7 October 1922	1 year, 11 days	Independent
5		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	7 October 1922	18 March 1926	3 years, 162 days	RSZML
6		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	18 March 1926	12 October 1926	208 days	Independent
7		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	12 October 1926	1 February 1929	2 years, 112 days	RSZML
8		František Udržal (1866–1938)	Czech	1 February 1929	24 October 1932	3 years, 266 days	RSZML
9		Jan Malypetr (1873–1947)	Czech	24 October 1932	5 November 1935	3 years, 12 days	RSZML
10		Milan Hodža (1878–1944)	Slovak	5 November 1935	22 September 1938	2 years, 321 days	RSZML
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
11		Jan Syrový (1888–1970)	Czech	22 September 1938	1 December 1938	70 days	Independent
12		Rudolf Beran (1887–1954)	Czech	1 December 1938	15 March 1939	104 days	RSZML / SNJ
Occupation (1939–1945) Alois Eliáš became Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de iure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany.[1][2] Jan Šrámek became Prime Minister within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the Allies during World War II. Vojtech Tuka became Prime Minister of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic. Julian Révaý [uk] became Prime Minister of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before invasion and occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary.
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
13		Zdeněk Fierlinger (1891–1976)	Czech	5 April 1945	2 July 1946	1 year, 88 days	ČSSD
14		Klement Gottwald (1896–1953)	Czech	2 July 1946	15 June 1948	1 year, 349 days	KSČ
Communist Era (1948–1989) Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989)
15		Antonín Zápotocký (1884–1957)	Czech	15 June 1948	14 March 1953	4 years, 272 days	KSČ
16		Viliam Široký (1902–1971)	Slovak	14 March 1953	20 September 1963	10 years, 190 days	KSČ
17		Jozef Lenárt (1923–2004)	Slovak	20 September 1963	8 April 1968	4 years, 201 days	KSČ
18		Oldřich Černík (1921–1994)	Czech	8 April 1968	28 January 1970	1 year, 295 days	KSČ
19		Lubomír Štrougal (1924–2023)	Czech	28 January 1970	12 October 1988	18 years, 258 days	KSČ
20		Ladislav Adamec (1926–2007)	Czech	12 October 1988	7 December 1989	1 year, 56 days	KSČ
Post–Communist Era (1989–1992) Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
21		Marián Čalfa (born 1946)	Slovak	7 December 1989	2 July 1992	2 years, 208 days	KSČ / VPN / ODÚ
22		Jan Stráský (1940–2019)	Czech	2 July 1992	31 December 1992	182 days	ODS

Politics of Czechoslovakia
Constitution 1918 1920 1948 1960 1968
Executive Legislative Presidents Prime Ministers Federal Assembly Czech National Council Slovak National Council
Elections Parliamentary 1920 1925 1929 1935 1946 1948 1954 1960 1964 1971 1976 1981 1986 1990 1992 Political parties
Administrative divisions
States First Czechoslovak Republic Second Czechoslovak Republic Third Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech Socialist Republic Slovak Socialist Republic
Dissolution Hyphen War
Foreign relations Communist foreign trade
Other countries
v t e

• List of rulers of Czechs
  • List of Bohemian monarchs
  • Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
  • List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
  • President of the Czech Republic
    • List of presidents of the Czech Republic
  • Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
    • List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
  • President of Slovakia
  • Prime Minister of Slovakia
• List of Czech presidential pets