List of monarchs of Bali

This is a list of monarchs of the Bali Kingdom, an island in the Indonesian archipelago. Included are, first, rulers on an island-wide level, and, second, rajas of minor states that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries. The sequence and dates of the rulers are not always securely documented, and conflicting statements may be found in various textbooks. The following list is based on epigraphic records, Balinese chronicles (babad), and data supplied by Dutch colonial sources.

Monarch of Bali
Raja, Arya, Maharaja, Dalem, Dewa Agung
A merchant flag attributed to Bali, shown in European sources from the 18th century, also with six stripes[1]
Last to reign
Dewa Agung Jambé II
1903–1908
Details
StyleHis Majesty (ᬓᭂᬭᬚ)
First monarchŚrī Kesarī Warmadewa
Last monarchDewa Agung Jambé II
Formationc. 914
AbolitionApril 18, 1908
ResidenceAll of Puri in Bali [id]
AppointerHereditary

Balinese royal lineages and monarchies claim to continue to exist in Bali; however, due to Indonesian postcolonial governance, the prerogatives of the original rulers of Bali were suppressed in the decade after the Revolution. Hinduism has remained an integral part of the Balinese monarchies and culture, despite issues involving Dutch invaders and Indonesian central authorities and military.

Ancient queens and kings of Bali

Warmadewa Dynasty

Jaya Dynasty

Singasari subjugates Bali 1284

  • Rajapatih Makakasar Kebo Parud (Governor, fl. 1296-1300)

Native rulers reemergence

  • Mahaguru Dharmottungga Warmadewa (before 1324-1328)
  • Walajayakertaningrat (1328-?) [son]
  • Śri Astasura Ratna Bumi Banten (fl. 1332-1337)

Majapahit conquers Bali 1343

Queens and Kings of Bali after 1343

Dynasty of Samprangan and Gelgel

Vassalage under Majapahit 1343-c. 1527

Titular queens and kings of Bali in Klungkung

  • Dewa Agung Jambe I (1686-c. 1722) [son or kinsman of Dalem Di Made]
  • Dewa Agung Gede (c. 1722-1736) [son]
  • Dewa Agung Made (1736-c. 1760) [son]
  • Dewa Agung Śakti (c. 1760-1790; deposed, died c. 1814) [son]
  • Dewa Agung Putra I Kusamba (c. 1790-1809) [son]
  • Gusti Ayu Karang (regent 1809-1814)
  • Dewa Agung Putra II (1814–1850; ruler (susuhunan) of Bali and Lombok until 1849) [son of Dewa Agung Putra I]
  • Dewa Agung Istri Kanya [id] (queen, 1814–1850, died 1868)
  • Dutch suzerainty 1843-1908
  • Dewa Agung Putra III Bhatara Dalem (1851–1903) [grandson of Dewa Agung Sakti]
  • Dewa Agung Jambe II (1903–1908; ruler (susuhunan) of Klungkung until 1904) [son]
  • Direct Dutch rule 1908-1929
  • Dewa Agung Oka Geg (1929–1951, died 1964) [nephew]
  • Klungkung incorporated in the Indonesian unitary state 1950

Rajas of Mengwi

  • Gusti Agung Śakti (Gusti Agung Anom) (c. 1690-1722)
  • Gusti Agung Made Alangkajeng (1722-c. 1740) [son]
  • Gusti Agung Putu Mayun (1740s) [nephew]
  • Gusti Agung Made Munggu (1740s-1770/80) [brother]
  • Gusti Agung Putu Agung (1770/80-1793/94) [son]
  • Gusti Ayu Oka Kaba-Kaba (regent 1770/80-1807) [mother, grandmother]
  • Gusti Agung Ngurah Made Agung I (1807–1823) [son of Gusti Agung Putu Agung]
  • Gusti Agung Ngurah Made Agung II Putra (1829–1836) [son]
  • Gusti Agung Ketut Besakih (1836-1850/55) [brother]
  • Dutch suzerainty 1843-1891
  • Gusti Ayu Istri Biang Agung (1836–1857) [widow of Gusti Agung Ngurah Made Agung Putra]
  • Gusti Agung Ngurah Made Agung III (1859–1891) [descendant of Gusti Agung Putu Mayun]
  • Mengwi destroyed by Klungkung, Badung, Gianyar and Tabanan 1891

Rajas of Tabanan

  • Śri Magade Nata [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Langwang (Prabhu Singasana) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Tabanan (Prabhu Winalwan) [son]
  • Gusti Wayahan Pamedekan (?-1647) [son]
  • Gusti Made Pamedekan (1647-c. 1650) [brother]
  • Gusti Ngurah Tabanan (Prabhu Winalwanan) (second time, c. 1650-?)
  • Prabhu Nisweng Panida (?-1654?) [son of Gusti Made Pamedekan]
  • Gusti Made Dalang (1654?-?) [brother]
  • Gusti Nengah Malkangin [son of Gusti Wayahan Pamedekan]
  • Gusti Bolo di Malkangin [son of Prabhu Winalwanan]
  • Gusti Agung Badeng (regent late 17th century) [son-in-law of Gusti Made Pamedekan]
  • Prabhu Magada Śakti (c. 1700) [son of Prabhu Nisweng Panida]
  • Anglurah Mur Pamade [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Sekar (fl. 1734) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Gede [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Rai (?-1793) [brother]
  • Gusti Ngurah Rai Penebel (1793-c. 1820) [brother]
  • Gusti Ngurah Ubung (c. 1820) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Agung I (c. 1820-1843) [grandson of Gusti Ngurah Made Rai]
  • Dutch suzerainty 1843-1906
  • Gusti Ngurah Agung II (1843–1903) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Rai Perang ( Gusti Ngurah Agung III)(1903–1906) [son]
  • Dutch conquest 1906
  • Cokorda Ngurah Ketut (1929–1939) [nephew]
  • Gusti Ngurah Wayan (Jero Kompyang Tabanan) (regent 1939-1944)
  • Cokorda Ngurah Gede (1944–1950, kepala 1950-1955, died 1987) [son of Cokorda Ngurah Ketut]
  • Tabanan incorporated in the Indonesian unitary state 1950
  • Cokorda Anglurah Tabanan (titular head of the dynasty 21 March 2008 - ...) [son]

Rajas of Karangasem

  • Gusti Nyoman Karang (c. 1600)
  • Anglurah Ketut Karang [son]
  • Anglurah Nengah Karangasem (late 17th century) [son]
  • Anglurah Ketut Karangasem (fl. 1691-1692) [brother]
  • Anglurah Made Karang [son of Anglurah Nengah Karangasem]
  • Gusti Wayahan Karangasem (fl. 1730) [son of Anglurah Ketut Karangasem]
  • Anglurah Made Karangasem Śakti (Bagawan Atapa Rare) (1730s) [son of Anglurah Made Karang]
  • Anglurah Made Karangasem (1730s-1775) [son]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Karangasem (1775–1806) [grandson]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Lanang (1806–1822) [nephew]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Pahang (1822) [grandson of Gusti Gede Ngurah Karangasem]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Lanang (second time 1822-1828; died 1837)
  • Gusti Bagus Karang (1828–1838; died 1839) [son of Gusti Gede Ngurah Karangasem]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Karangasem (1838–1849) [nephew]
  • Lombok overlordship in Karangasem 1849-1894
  • Gusti Made Jungutan (Gusti Made Karangasem) (vassal ruler 1849-1850) [former punggawa (local chief)]
  • Gusti Gede Putu (vassal ruler 1850-1893) [nephew of Lombok raja]
  • Gusti Gede Oka (vassal ruler 1850-1890) [brother]
  • Gusti Gede Jelantik (1890–1908; died 1916) [brother]
  • Anak Agung Agung Anglurah Ketut Karangasem (1908–1950; died 1966) [son of Gusti Gede Putu]
  • Karangasem incorporated in the Indonesian unitary state 1950
  • Anak Agung Gde Jelantik (kepala 1951-1958) [son]

Rajas of Jembrana

Agung Dynasty

  • Gusti Agung Basangtamiang (17th century) [son of Gelgel minister Gusti Agung Widya]
  • Gusti Brangbangmurti [son]
  • Gusti Gede Giri (c. 1700) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Tapa [son]
  • Gusti Made Yasa [brother]
  • Gusti Gede Andul (first half of the 18th century) [son]

Dynasty from Mengwi

  • Gusti Ngurah Agung Jembrana (mid 18th century) [grandson of Gusti Agung Sakti of Mengwi]
  • Gusti Ngurah Batu (regent ?-1766) [son]
  • Gusti Gede Jembrana (1766-?) [nephew]
  • Gusti Putu Andul (before 1797-1809) [son]
  • Gusti Rahi (regent for Badung, fl. 1805)
  • Kapitan Patimi (regent, Buginese, c. 1805-1808)
  • Gusti Wayahan Pasekan (regent c. 1812-1814)
  • Gusti Made Pasekan (regent c. 1812-1814) [brother]
  • Gusti Putu Sloka (1809–1835) [son of Gusti Putu Andul]
  • Gusti Alit Mas (regent c. 1835-1840)
  • Gusti Putu Dorok (regent c. 1835-1840) [great-grandson of Gusti Ngurah Batu]
  • Gusti Made Penarungan (regent c. 1840-1849)
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Pasekan (regent c. 1840-1849)
  • Dutch suzerainty 1843-1882
  • Gusti Putu Ngurah Sloka (1849–1855; died 1876) [son of Gusti Putu Sloka]
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Pasekan (patih 1849-1855; raja 1855-1866)
  • Anak Agung Made Rai (regent 1867-1882; died 1905) [grandson of Gusti Putu Andul]
  • Dutch direct rule in Jembrana 1882-1929
  • Anak Agung Bagus Negara (1929–1950, kepala 1950-1960; died 1967) [grandson of Anak Agung Made Rai]
  • Jembrana incorporated in the Indonesian unitary state 1950

Rajas of Buleleng

Dynasty of Panji Śakti

  • Gusti Panji Śakti (c. 1660-1697/99)
  • Gusti Panji Wayahan Danurdarastra (1697/99-1732) [son]
  • Gusti Alit Panji (1732-c. 1757/65) [son]
  • Dependent on Mengwi first half of the 18th century
  • Gusti Ngurah Panji (in Sukasadda c. 1757/65) [son]
  • Dependent on Karangasem c. 1757-1806
  • Gusti Ngurah Jelantik (in Singaraja c. 1757/65-c. 1780) [brother]
  • Gusti Made Jelantik (c. 1780-1793) [son]
  • Gusti Made Singaraja (1793-?) [nephew]

Karangasem Dynasty

  • Anak Agung Rai (?-1806) [son of Gusti Gede Ngurah Karangasem]
  • Gusti Gede Karang (1806–1818) [brother]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Pahang (1818–1822) [son]
  • Gusti Made Oka Sori (1822–1825) [nephew of Gusti Gede Karang]
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Karangasem (1825–1849) [nephew of Gusti Gede Karang]

Dynasty of Panji Śakti

  • Gusti Made Rai (1849, 1851–1853) [great-great-grandson of Gusti Ngurah Panji]
  • Dependency of Bangli 1849-1854
  • Gusti Ngurah Ketut Jelantik (1854–1873; regency 1853-1861; died 1893) [descended from Gusti Ngurah Jelantik]
  • Dutch direct rule 1882-1929
  • Anak Agung Putu Jelantik (regent 1929-1938; anak agung 1938-1944) [descended from Gusti Ngurah Jelantik]
  • Anak Agung Nyoman Panji Tisna (1944–1947) [son]
  • Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Jelantik (1947–1950; died 1970) [brother]
  • Buleleng incorporated in Indonesian unitary state 1950
  • Anak Agung Nyoman Panji Tisna (kepala 1950-1958; died 1978)

Rajas of Gianyar

  • Dewa Manggis I Kuning (chief of Pahang)
  • Dewa Manggis II Pahang (chief of Pahang) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis III Bengkel (chief of Bengkel) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis IV Jorog (Raja of Gianyar c. 1771-1788) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis V di Madya (c. 1788-1820) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis VI di Rangki (c. 1820-1847) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis VII di Satria (1847–1884; died 1891) [son]
  • Dependency of Klungkung 1884-1891
  • Dewa Pahang (1891–1896) [son]
  • Dewa Manggis VIII (Dewa Gede Raka until 1908) (1896–1912) [brother]
  • Ide Anak Agung Ngurah Agung (ruler (anak agung) 1913-1943) [son]
  • Ide Anak Agung Gede Agung (1943–1946; died 1999) [son]
  • Ide Anak Agung Gede Oka (1946–1950, kepala 1950-1958; died 1993) [brother]
  • Gianyar incorporated in the Indonesian unitary state 1950

Rajas of Sukawati and Ubud

Dynasty from Klungkung

  • Dewa Agung Anom (Raja of Sukawati before 1713-1733)
  • Dewa Agung Gede Mayun Dalem Patemon (1733-before 1757) [son]
  • Dewa Agung Gede Sukawati (c. 1757) [son]
  • Dewa Agung Made Pliatan (second half of 18th century) [brother]

Lordship of Ubud, under Gianyar suzerainty

  • Cokorda Putu Kandel (c. 1800) [son]
  • Cokorda Sukawati (19th century) [son]
  • Cokorda Rai Batur (fl. 1874) [son]
  • Cokorda Gede Sukawati (before 1889-1919) [son]
  • Cokorda Gede Raka Sukawati (1919–1931; died 1967) [son]
  • Cokorda Gede Agung Sukawati (1931–1950; died 1978) [brother]
  • Gianyar with Ubud incorporated in Indonesian unitary state 1950

Rajas of Pamecutan in Badung

Dynasty from Tabanan

  • Prabhu Bandana, Arya Notor Wanira (17th century) [son of Shri Magade Nata, King of Tabanan]
  • Gusti Ngurah Papak [son]
  • Gusti Jambe Pule (c. 1660-1683) [son]
  • Split in a Jambe and Pamecutan line 1683
  • Gusti Jambe Merik (1683-?) [son]
  • Gusti Jambe Ketewel [son]
  • Gusti Jambe Tangkeban (c. 1757) [son]
  • Gusti Jambe Aji [son]
  • Gusti Jambe Ksatria (?-1780) [son]

Rajas of Pamecutan

  • Gusti Macan Gading (1683-?) [son of Gusti Jambe Pule]
  • Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Śakti (fl. 1718) [son]
  • Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Mur ing Ukiran [son]
  • Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Bhija [son]
  • Split in a Pamecutan and Den Pasar line c. 1780
  • Kyai Agung Gede Raka (?-1813) [son]
  • Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Mur ing Gedong (1813–1829) [son]
  • Anak Agung Lanang (1829–1840) [grandson of Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Bhija]
  • Kyai Agung Gede Woka Mur ing Madarda (1840–1851) [son]
  • Cokorda Agung Pamecutan (ruler (cokorda) 1851-1906) [nephew]
  • Dutch conquest of Badung with Pamecutan 1906
  • Cokorda Ngurah Gede Pamecutan (of entire Badung 1946-1950, kepala 1950-1959; died 1986) [grandnephew]
  • Badung included in the Indonesian unitary state 1950

Rajas of Kasiman in Badung

  • Gusti Ngurah Gede Kasiman (1813–1861) [son of Gusti Ngurah Made Pamecutan of Den Pasar]
  • Gusti Ngurah Ketut Geledog (1861–1904) [son]
  • Anak Agung Ngurah Mayun (1904–1906)
  • Dutch conquest of Badung with Kasiman 1906
  • Gusti Ngurah Made (lord (punggawa) 1927-1954; died 1959) [son]

Rajas of Denpasar in Badung

  • Gusti Ngurah Made Pamecutan (Kaleran) (before 1780-1817) [great-grandson of Kyai Anglurah Pamecutan Sakti]
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Pamecutan Dewata di Satria (1817–1828) [son]
  • Domination by Kasiman 1829-1861
  • Gusti Ngurah Gede Oka (titular raja 1829-1842/48) [son]
  • Gusti Ngurah Made Pamecutan (titular raja, mid 19th century) [brother]
  • Gusti Gede Ngurah Pamecutan (Cokorda Alit Ngurah I) (1861–1890) [son]
  • Cokorda Alit Ngurah II (ruler (cokorda) 1890-1902) [son]
  • Cokorda Made Agung (1902–1906) [brother]
  • Dutch conquest of Badung 1906
  • Cokorda Alit Ngurah III (of entire Badung 1929-1946; died 1965) [son of Cokorda Alit Ngurah II]
  • Rulership goes to Pamecutan line 1946

Rajas of Bangli

  • Dewa Gede Tangkeban I (of Nyalian ?-1804)
  • Dewa Rai (c. 1804-1815)
  • Dewa Gede Tangkeban II (c. 1815-1833) [son of Dewa Gede Tangkeban I]
  • Dewa Gede Tangkeban III (1833–1875) [son]
  • Dewa Gede Oka (1875–1880) [son]
  • Dewa Gede Ngurah (1881–1892) [brother]
  • Dewa Gede Cekorda (1894–1911) [brother]
  • Dewa Gede Rai (regent 1913-1925) [brother]
  • Dewa Gede Taman (regent 1925-1930) [grandson of Dewa Gede Tangkaban III]
  • Dewa Putu Bukian (caretaker 1930-1931) [grandson of Dewa Gede Tangkaban III]
  • Anak Agung Ketut Ngurah (ruler (anak agung) 1931-1950, kepala 1950-1960; died 1961) [son of Dewa Gede Cekorda]
  • Bangli is included in the Indonesian unitary state 1950

See also

Bibliography

  • C. C. Berg, De middeljavaansche historische traditie. Santpoort 1927.
  • A. J. Bernet Kempers, Monumental Bali; Introduction to Balinese Archaeology & Guide to the Monuments. Berkeley & Singapore 1991. ISBN 0-945971-16-8.
  • Helen Creese, 'Balinese babad as historical sources; A reinterpretation of the fall of Gelgel', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 147 1991.
  • A. A. Gde Darta et al., Babad Arya Tabanan dan Ratu Tabanan. Denpasar 1996. ISBN 979-649-021-8.
  • Mahaudiana, Babad Manggis Gianyar. Gianyar 1968.
  • S. O. Robson, 'The Ancient Capital of Bali', Archipel 16 1978.
  • Henk Schulte Nordholt, Macht, mensen en middelen; Patronen en dynamiek in de Balische politiek ca. 1700-1840. Doctoraalscriptie, Amsterdam 1980.
  • Henk Schulte Nordholt, The Spell of Power; A History of Balinese Politics. Leiden 1996. ISBN 90-6718-090-4.
  • I. Nyoman Suada et al., Selayang Pandang Tokoh-Tokoh Puri Agung Kesiman (Abad XIX-XX). Denpasar 1999.
  • Anak Agung A. Sudira, Mengenal Kawitan Warga Mahagotra Tirtha Arum. Denpasar 1992.
  • Truhart P., Regents of Nations. Systematic Chronology of States and Their Political Representatives in Past and Present. A Biographical Reference Book, Part 3: Asia & Pacific Oceania, München 2003, s. 1239-1244, ISBN 3-598-21545-2.
  • Adrian Vickers, The Desiring Prince; A Study of the Kidung Malat as Text. PhD Thesis Sydney 1986.
  • Margaret J. Wiener. Visible and Invisible Realms; Power, Magic, and Colonial Conquest in Bali. Chicago & London 1995. ISBN 0-226-88580-1.

References

  1. ^ "Indonesia stati 2".
  2. ^ John Norman Miksic; Goh Geok Yian (14 October 2016). Ancient Southeast Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-317-27904-4.
  • Candrasangkala [1]
  • Kerajaan2 Indonesia, GLOBALISE Huygens Institute [2]

Read other articles:

Nokia 7210 Supernova

Nokia 7210 Supernova adalah produk telepon genggam yang dirilis oleh perusahaan Nokia. Telepon genggam ini memiliki dimensi 106 × 45 × 10,6 mm dengan berat 69,8 gram. Fitur & Komponen Kamera digital 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels Memori internal 30 MB, memori eksternal dengan MicroSD hingga 2 GB SMS MMS Email Polifonik Permainan Snake 3D Bounce II Sudoku Sea Sweeper Radio FM Bluetooth v2.0 dengan A2DP Java MIDP 2.0 MP3/eAAC+/WMA player MP4/H.263/H.264 player Baterai Li-Ion 860 mAh (BL-4CT) Liha...

 

Love O2O (seri televisi)

Love O2OPoster promosiGenreKomedi romantisRemajaBerdasarkanOne Smile is Very Alluring karya Gu ManDitulis oleh Gu Man Shen Feixuan Wen Ting Ou Yang Good Story Workshop [1] Sutradara Lin Yufen Pemeran Yang Yang Zheng Shuang Lagu pembukaA Smile is Beautiful oleh Silence WangLagu penutupOne Smile Is Very Alluring oleh Yang YangNegara asalTiongkokBahasa asliMandarinJmlh. episode30ProduksiLokasi produksiTiongkokDurasi45 menitRumah produksiShanghai Croton Culture Media Co., Ltd.Distributor...

 

Aasha (film 1980)

AashaआशाSampul VCDSutradaraJ. Om PrakashProduserJ. Om PrakashDitulis olehRamesh Pant (dialog)Anand Bakshi(lirik)CeritaRam KelkarPemeranJeetendraReena RoyRameshwariPenata musikLaxmikant PyarelalSinematograferV BabasahebPenyuntingNand KumarPerusahaanproduksiFilmyug Pvt LtdTanggal rilis 21 Maret 1980 (1980-03-21) Durasi140 menitNegaraIndiaBahasaHindi Aasha adalah sebuah film drama Bollywood tahun 1980 garapan J. Om Prakash. Film tersebut dibintangi oleh Jeetendra, Reena Roy dan ...

Australian native bees

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (April 2023) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Un...

 

Ladislas Douniama

Congolese footballer Ladislas Douniama Douniama with Guingamp in May 2014Personal informationFull name Ladislas Petre Meyair Douniama[1]Date of birth (1986-05-24) 24 May 1986 (age 37)Place of birth Brazzaville, CongoHeight 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in)Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team Rostrenen FCYouth career1998–2000 Toulouse2000–2002 Montpellier2002–2004 Castelnau Le Crès FCSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2004–2006 Nîmes 27 (5)2006–2009 Orléans...

 

Degeneracy (mathematics)

Limiting case which is different from the rest of the class This article is about degeneracy in mathematics. For the degeneracy of a graph, see Degeneracy (graph theory). For other uses, see Degeneracy (disambiguation). In mathematics, a degenerate case is a limiting case of a class of objects which appears to be qualitatively different from (and usually simpler than) the rest of the class;[1] degeneracy is the condition of being a degenerate case.[2] The definitions of many c...

Sungai Tiber

Sungai TiberCiri-ciri fisikMuara sungaiLaut TyrrheniaPanjang406 kmLuas DASDAS: 17,375 km² Sungai Tiber (Latin: Tiberis, Italia: Tevere) adalah sungai terpanjang ketiga di Italia. Sungai ini bermuara di Pegunungan Apennine di Emilia-Romagna dan mengalir sejauh 406 kilometer (252 mil) melalui Umbria dan Lazio ke Laut Tyrrhenia. Sungai ini diperkirakan memiliki luas 17,375 kilometer persegi. Sungai ini terkenal sebagai sungai utama kota Roma karena Roma didirikan di pinggiran sungai ini. Pengaw...

 

Ashley Rickards

American actress (born 1992) Ashley RickardsRickards at the Media Access Awards on October 16, 2014BornAshley Nicole RickardsSarasota, Florida, U.S.Occupation(s)Actress, directorYears active2005–present Ashley Nicole Rickards is an American actress, known for her role as Jenna Hamilton in the MTV comedy-drama series Awkward,[1] and as Samantha Sam Walker, a troubled young girl in The CW's teen drama series One Tree Hill. She also starred in the 2011 independent drama film Fly A...

 

Strada statale 35 dei Giovi

Strada provinciale ex strada statale 35 dei GioviDenominazioni precedentiStrada nazionale 48 dei GioviStrada statale 35 dei Giovi (in Lombardia, Strada provinciale ex strada statale 35 dei Giovi (in Liguria e Piemonte) Denominazioni successiveStrada provinciale ex strada statale 35 dei Giovi (in Lombardia) LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Liguria Piemonte Lombardia Province Genova Alessandria Pavia Milano Monza e Brianza Como DatiClassificaz...

Second Tymoshenko government

Government of Ukraine Second Tymoshenko Government13th Cabinet of Ukraine (since 1990)Date formed18 December 2007Date dissolved11 March 2010People and organisationsHead of stateViktor YushchenkoHead of governmentYulia TymoshenkoDeputy head of governmentOleksandr TurchynovNo. of ministers25Member partyYulia Tymoshenko BlocNUNSStatus in legislatureCoalition of Democratic ForcesOpposition partyParty of RegionsCommunist Party of UkraineLytvyn BlocOpposition leaderViktor YanukovychPetro SymonenkoV...

 

Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's floor

Women's floorat the Games of the XXIX OlympiadMedalists Sandra Izbașa  Romania Shawn Johnson  United States Nastia Liukin  United States← 20042012 → Gymnastics at the2008 Summer OlympicsList of gymnastsQualificationArtisticQualificationmenwomenTeam all-aroundmenwomenIndividual all-aroundmenwomenVaultmenwomenFloormenwomenPommel horsemenRingsmenParallel barsmenHorizontal barmenUneven barswomenBalance beamwomenRhythmicGroup all-aroundwomenIndividual all-arou...

 

الأساس العنصري للتاريخ الأوروبي

الأساس العنصري للتاريخ الأوروبيOr, the racial basis of European history (بالإنجليزية) معلومات عامةالمؤلف ماديسون غرانت اللغة الإنجليزية العنوان الأصلي The Passing of the Great Race (بالإنجليزية) البلد  الولايات المتحدة الموضوع نوردية — عنصرية علمية — علم الأعراق — أوروبا الناشر أبناء تشارلز سكراي...

Small and medium-sized enterprises

Type of business with small personnel numbers Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel and revenue numbers fall below certain limits. The abbreviation SME is used by international organizations such as the World Bank, the OECD, European Union, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). In any given national economy, SMEs sometimes outnumber large companies by a wide margin and also employ many more pe...

 

Масловский, Виталий Иванович

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Масловский. Виталий Иванович Масловскийукр. Віталій Іванович Масловський Дата рождения 7 июня 1935(1935-06-07) Место рождения Мощёная, Ковельский район[d], Волынская область, Украинская ССР, СССР Дата смерти 26 ок...

 

WBWZ

Radio station in New Paltz, New YorkWBWZNew Paltz, New YorkBroadcast areaPoughkeepsie-Newburgh-Kingston, New YorkFrequency93.3 MHzBrandingZ93ProgrammingFormatClassic rockAffiliationsPremium ChoiceiHeartRadioOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)HistoryFirst air dateDecember 20, 1992Call sign meaningBetty Walker (original owner) Z–Rock (original format)Technical information[1]Licensing authorityFCCFacility ID48615ClassAERP330 wattsHAAT295 meters (968 ft)LinksPublic licens...

Liste de villes du Sri Lanka

Cet article contient une liste des principales villes du Sri Lanka. Recensement de 2011 Sachant que pendant trois décennies, plusieurs provinces du Nord et de l'Est du Sri Lanka étaient dirigées par le groupe séparatiste LTTE, le gouvernement Sri lankais estime qu'entre 1981 et 2009, le nombre d'habitants des villes de ces Provinces a été faussé délibérément. Ainsi, le département des Statistiques du Ministère des Finances a ordonné un recensement de la population en 2009. Les r�...

 

1793 en arts plastiques

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’art et une chronologie ou une date. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Chronologies Données clés 1790 1791 1792  1793  1794 1795 1796Décennies :1760 1770 1780  1790  1800 1810 1820Siècles :XVIe XVIIe  XVIIIe  XIXe XXeMillénaires :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du S...

 

Duwamish (fireboat)

Fireboat This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Duwamish fireboat – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Duwamish fireboat at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, Seattle History United States NameDuwamish BuilderRichmond Beach Shipbuild...

Lewis H. Morgan

Lewis H. Morgan Född21 november 1818[1][2][3]Aurora, USADöd17 december 1881[1][2][3] (63 år)Rochester[4], USABegravdMount Hope Cemetery[5]Medborgare iUSAUtbildad vidUnion College, 1840 SysselsättningAntropolog, advokat, arkeolog, sociolog, historiker, politiker, författare[6]BefattningLedamot av New Yorks delstatssenatLedamot av New Yorks delstatsförsamlingPolitiskt partiRepublikanska partietFöräldrarJedediah Morgan[7]Harriet Morgan[7]NamnteckningRedigera Wikidata Lewis...

 

List of conflicts related to the Cold War

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) While the Cold War itself never escalated into direct confrontation, there were a number of conflicts and revolutions related to the Cold War around the globe, spanning the entirety of the period usually prescribed to it (March 12, 1947 to December 26, ...