List of herpestids

Collage of four brown or yellow mongooses
Four mongooses (clockwise from top left): meerkat (Suricata suricatta), yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata), Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii), and common slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguinea)

Herpestidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, composed of the mongooses and the meerkat. A member of this family is called a mongoose or a herpestid. They are widespread primarily throughout Africa and south Asia, and are found primarily in forests, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in wetlands or deserts. Most mongooses are 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long, plus a 20–40 cm (8–16 in) tail, though the Ethiopian dwarf mongoose can be as small as 18 cm (7 in) plus a 12 cm (5 in) tail, and the white-tailed mongoose can be up to 104 cm (41 in) plus a 47 cm (14 in) tail. Most species do not have population estimates, though one, the Liberian mongoose, is classified as vulnerable with a population size of around 5,000. No herpestid species have been domesticated.

The 34 species of Herpestidae are split into 14 genera within 2 subfamilies: Herpestinae, comprising 23 extant species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, and Mungotinae, comprising 11 extant species native to Africa. Extinct species have also been placed into both subfamilies, though some older extinct species have not been categorized into a subfamily. Around ten extinct Herpestidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. Herpestidae is believed to have diverged from the existing Feliformia suborder around 21.8 million years ago in the Early Miocene.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (0 species)
 VU Vulnerable (1 species)
 NT Near threatened (3 species)
 LC Least concern (29 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the herpestid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

The family Herpestidae consists of 34 extant species belonging to 15 genera in 2 subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Herpestidae  
 Herpestinae  
 Mungotinae  

Herpestids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by proposals accepted by the American Society of Mammalogists since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2][3]

Subfamily Herpestinae

Main article: Herpestinae
Genus Atilax – F. Cuvier, 1826 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Marsh mongoose

Brown mongoose in water

A. paludinosus
(G. Cuvier, 1829)

Eleven subspecies
  • A. p. macrodon
  • A. p. mitis
  • A. p. mordax
  • A. p. nigerianus
  • A. p. paludinosus
  • A. p. pluto
  • A. p. robustus
  • A. p. rubellus
  • A. p. rubescens
  • A. p. spadiceus
  • A. p. transvaalensis
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 46–64 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and coastal marine[5]

Diet: Crustaceans as well as other aquatic prey and rodents[5] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[5]

Genus Bdeogale – Peters, 1850 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-footed mongoose


B. nigripes
Pucheran, 1855 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 30–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Mammals, as well as reptiles, birds, insects, and centipedes[6] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Bushy-tailed mongoose

Black and white mongoose with big tail

B. crassicauda
Peters, 1852

Five subspecies
  • B. c. crassicauda
  • B. c. nigrescens
  • B. c. omnivora
  • B. c. puisa
  • B. c. tenuis
Southeast Africa
Map of range 		Size: 36–52 cm (14–20 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[7]

Diet: Omnivorous[7] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Jackson's mongoose


B. jacksoni
(Thomas, 1894) 		East-central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 50–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 28–33 cm (11–13 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[8]

Diet: Rodents and insects[4][8] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Genus Cynictis – Ogilby, 1833 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Yellow mongoose

Standing yellow-brown mongoose

C. penicillata
(Cuvier, 1829)

Twelve subspecies
  • C. p. bechuanae
  • C. p. brachyura
  • C. p. bradfieldi
  • C. p. cinderella
  • C. p. coombsi
  • C. p. intensa
  • C. p. kalaharica
  • C. p. karasensis
  • C. p. lepturus
  • C. p. ogilbyii
  • C. p. pallidior
  • C. p. penicillata
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 26–46 cm (10–18 in) long, plus 16–30 cm (6–12 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[9]

Diet: Insects, as well as rodents, birds, other vertebrates, and arachnids[9] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[9]

Genus Herpestes – Illiger, 1811 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Angolan slender mongoose

Brown mongoose on rocks

H. flavescens
Bocage, 1889

Two subspecies
 Southwestern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 31–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas[11]

Diet: Invertebrates, small mammals, birds, lizards, and snakes[11] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[11]

Egyptian mongoose

Brown mongoose

H. ichneumon
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Eleven subspecies
  • H. i. angolensis
  • H. i. cafra
  • H. i. centralis
  • H. i. funestus
  • H. i. ichneumon
  • H. i. mababiensis
  • H. i. numidicus
  • H. i. parvidens
  • H. i. sabiensis
  • H. i. sangronizi
  • H. i. widdringtonii
Sub-Saharan Africa, Nile river, and Mediterranean (native, green); Iberian peninsula (introduced, red)
Map of range 		Size: 48–60 cm (19–24 in) long, plus 33–55 cm (13–22 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[13]

Diet: Omnivorous[13] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[13]

Cape gray mongoose

Brown mongoose on rocks

H. pulverulentus
Wagner, 1839

Three subspecies
  • H. p. basuticus
  • H. p. pulverulentus
  • H. p. ruddi
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 29–43 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 20–34 cm (8–13 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands[15]

Diet: Small mammals and insects[15] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[15]

Common slender mongoose

Brown mongoose in grass

H. sanguineus
Rüppell, 1836

26 subspecies
  • H. s. canus
  • H. s. cauui
  • H. s. dasilvai
  • H. s. dentifer
  • H. s. fulvidior
  • H. s. galbus
  • H. s. gracilis
  • H. s. grantii
  • H. s. ibeae
  • H. s. ignitus
  • H. s. lancasteri
  • H. s. melanura
  • H. s. mossambica
  • H. s. mustela
  • H. s. mutgigella
  • H. s. orestes
  • H. s. parvipes
  • H. s. perfulvidus
  • H. s. phoenicurus
  • H. s. proteus
  • H. s. rendilis
  • H. s. saharae
  • H. s. sanguinea
  • H. s. swalius (Namaqua slender mongoose)
  • H. s. swinnyi
  • H. s. ugandae
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 27–35 cm (11–14 in) long, plus 19–33 cm (7–13 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[16]

Diet: Small vertebrates and invertebrates[16] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[16]

Somalian slender mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

H. ochraceus
Gray, 1848

Four subspecies
  • H. o. bocagei
  • H. o. fulvidior
  • H. o. ochracea
  • H. o. perfulvidus
Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 22–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[17]

Diet: Believed to be invertebrates and small vertebrates[10][17] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[17]

Genus Ichneumia – Geoffroy, 1837 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
White-tailed mongoose

Brown and white mongoose

I. albicauda
(Cuvier, 1829)

Seven subspecies
  • I. a. albicauda
  • I. a. dialeucos
  • I. a. grandis
  • I. a. haagneri
  • I. a. ibeanus
  • I. a. loandae
  • I. a. loempo
Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Arabic peninsula
Map of range 		Size: 51–104 cm (20–41 in) long, plus 34–47 cm (13–19 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[18]

Diet: Insects[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[18]

Genus Paracynictis – Pocock, 1916 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Selous's mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

P. selousi
(Winton, 1896)

Four subspecies
  • P. s. bechuanae
  • P. s. ngamiensis
  • P. s. selousi
  • P. s. sengaani
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long, plus 28–43 cm (11–17 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland[20]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as small rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and birds[19][20] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[20]

Genus Rhynchogale – Thomas, 1894 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Meller's mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

R. melleri
(Gray, 1865)

Two subspecies
  • R. m. langi
  • R. m. melleri
Southeastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 36–57 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 30–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[21]

Diet: Termites, as well as other invertebrates[4][21] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[21]

Genus Urva – Hodgson, 1836 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Collared mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

U. semitorquata
(Gray, 1846)

Two subspecies
  • U. s. semitorquata
  • U. s. uniforma
Borneo in Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 40–46 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 25–31 cm (10–12 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Unknown[10][22] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Crab-eating mongoose

Black and white drawing of mongoose

U. urva
(Hodgson, 1836)

Four subspecies
  • U. u. annamensis
  • U. u. formosana
  • U. u. sinensis
  • U. u. urva
Eastern and Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[24]

Diet: Crustaceans, mammals, reptiles, insects, and amphibians[24] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Indian brown mongoose

Brown and gray mongoose

U. fusca
(Waterhouse, 1838)

Five subspecies
  • U. f. flavidens
  • U. f. fusca
  • U. f. maccarthiae
  • U. f. rubidior
  • U. f. siccata
South India, Sri Lanka
Map of range 		Size: 33–48 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 20–33 cm (8–13 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[25]

Diet: Believed to be a variety of small vertebrates and invertebrates[10][25] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[25]

Indian grey mongoose

Brown and gray mongoose

U. edwardsii
(Geoffroy, 1818)

Five subspecies
  • U. e. edwardsii
  • U. e. ferruginea
  • U. e. lanka
  • U. e. montana
  • U. e. nyula
India, west Asia
Map of range 		Size: 36–45 cm (14–18 in) long, plus 32–45 cm (13–18 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[26]

Diet: Small mammals, birds, reptiles, eggs, and invertebrates[10][26] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[26]

Javan mongoose

Brown mongoose

U. javanica
(Geoffroy, 1818)

Nine subspecies
  • U. j. exilis
  • H. j. javanica
  • U. j. orientalis
  • U. j. peninsulae
  • U. j. perakensis
  • U. j. rafflesii
  • U. j. rubrifrons
  • U. j. siamensis
  • U. j. tjerapai
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 25–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[28]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit[27][28] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Small Indian mongoose

Brown mongoose

U. auropunctata
(Hodgson, 1836)

Three subspecies
 West, south, and southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 25–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[28]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as rodents, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, and fruit[27][28] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Ruddy mongoose

Brown mongoose

U. smithii
(Gray, 1837)

Three subspecies
  • U. s. smithii
  • U. s. thysanura
  • U. s. zeylania
India and Sri Lanka
Map of range 		Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 35–47 cm (14–19 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[29]

Diet: Rodents, birds, and reptiles[10][29] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[29]

Short-tailed mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

U. brachyura
(Gray, 1837)

Six subspecies
  • U. b. brachyura
  • U. b. hosei (Hose's mongoose)
  • U. b. javanensis
  • U. b. palawana
  • U. b. parva
  • U. b. sumatria
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 38–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[31]

Diet: Invertebrates and small vertebrates[31] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Stripe-necked mongoose

Brown mongoose

U. vitticolla
(Bennett, 1835)

Two subspecies
  • U. v. inornata
  • U. v. vitticolla
Southern India and Sri Lanka
Map of range 		Size: 25–41 cm (10–16 in) long, plus 22–36 cm (9–14 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[32]

Diet: Small mammals, birds, birds' eggs, reptiles, fish, insects, and roots[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[32]

Genus Xenogale – Allen, 1919 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Long-nosed mongoose


X. naso
(Winton, 1901) 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 40–61 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 32–43 cm (13–17 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[33]

Diet: Omnivorous[33] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Subfamily Mungotinae

Main article: Mungotinae
Genus Crossarchus – F. Cuvier, 1825 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Alexander's kusimanse


C. alexandri
Thomas, 1907 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 37–44 cm (15–17 in) long, plus 24–32 cm (9–13 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[34]

Diet: Invertebrates and fruit, as well as frogs, snakes, and carrion[4][34] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[34]

Angolan kusimanse


C. ansorgei
Thomas, 1910

Two subspecies
  • C. a. ansorgei
  • C. a. nigricolor
Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 20–22 cm (8–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[4][35] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Common kusimanse

Brown dwarf mongoose

C. obscurus
F. Cuvier, 1825 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 29–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus 14–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[4][36]

Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Flat-headed kusimanse


C. platycephalus
Goldman, 1984 		Western central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 21–47 cm (8–19 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[37]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[38]

Diet: Insects, as well as reptiles, small mammals, and fruit[4][38] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[38]

Genus Dologale – Thomas, 1926 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Pousargues's mongoose

Brown mongoose

D. dybowskii
(Pousargues, 1893) 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 16–22 cm (6–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[39]

Diet: Invertebrates[4][39] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[39]

Genus Helogale – Gray, 1862 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Common dwarf mongoose

Dark brown mongoose

H. parvula
(Sundevall, 1847)

Seven subspecies
  • H. p. ivori
  • H. p. mimetra
  • H. p. nero
  • H. p. parvula
  • H. p. ruficeps
  • H. p. undulatus
  • H. p. varia
Southern and eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland[40]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[40] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[40]

Ethiopian dwarf mongoose

Brown mongoose

H. hirtula
Thomas, 1904

Five subspecies
  • H. h. ahlselli
  • H. h. annulata
  • H. h. hirtula
  • H. h. lutescens
  • H. h. powelli
Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[42]

Diet: Invertebrates[4][42] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[42]

Genus Liberiictis – Hayman, 1958 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Liberian mongoose


L. kuhni
Hayman, 1958 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 42–55 cm (17–22 in) long, plus 18–21 cm (7–8 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest[43]

Diet: Earthworms, as well as small vertebrates, insect larvae, and fruit[43] 		 VU 


5,200 Population declining[43]

Genus Mungos – Geoffroy, 1795 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Banded mongoose

White and brown mongoose

M. mungo
(Gmelin, 1788)

Sixteen subspecies
  • M. m. adailensis (Adail banded mongoose)
  • M. m. bororensis (Boror banded mongoose)
  • M. m. caurinus (North-west banded mongoose)
  • M. m. colonus (East African banded mongoose)
  • M. m. grisonax (Namibia banded mongoose)
  • M. m. mandjarum (Schwarz's banded mongoose)
  • M. m. marcrurus
  • M. m. mungo
  • M. m. ngamiensis (Botswana banded mongoose)
  • M. m. pallidipes
  • M. m. rossi
  • M. m. senescens
  • M. m. somalicus
  • M. m. talboti (Talbot's banded mongoose)
  • M. m. zebra
  • M. m. zebroides
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 30–40 cm (12–16 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[44]

Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, bird eggs, young birds, small mammals, and fruit[44] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[44]

Gambian mongoose

Drawing of brown mongoose

M. gambianus
(Ogilby, 1835) 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 34–36 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 20–22 cm (8–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[45]

Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, mice, and snakes[4][45] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[45]

Genus Suricata – Desmarest, 1804 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Meerkat

Three standing brown mongooses

S. suricatta
(Schreber, 1776)

Three subspecies
  • S. s. iona
  • S. s. marjoriae
  • S. s. suricatta
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus 18–24 cm (7–9 in) tail[4]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[46]

Diet: Invertebrates[46] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[46]

References

  1. ^ Patou, M.; Mclenachan, P. A.; Morley, C. G.; Couloux, A.; Jennings, A. P.; Veron, G. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 69–80. Bibcode:2009MolPE..53...69P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.038. PMID 19520178.
  2. ^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  3. ^ Rapson, S.; Goldizen, A. W.; Seddon, J. M. (August 2012). "Species boundaries and possible hybridization between the black mongoose (Galerella nigrata) and the slender mongoose (Galerella sanguinea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (3): 831–839. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..831R. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.005. PMID 22940151.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Van Rompaey, H.; Colyn, M. (2014). Kingdon, J.; Hoffmann, M. (eds.). The Mammals of Africa. Vol. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 326–381. ISBN 978-1-4081-8994-8.
  5. ^ a b c Do Linh San, E.; Angelici, F. M.; Maddock, A. H.; Baker, C. M.; Ray, J. (2015). "Atilax paludinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41590A45204865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41590A45204865.en.
  6. ^ a b c Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Bdeogale nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41592A45205243. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41592A45205243.en.
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