List of excepted hereditary peers

Under the reforms of the House of Lords Act 1999, the majority of hereditary peers became ineligible to be members of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Section 2 of the Act, however, provides an exception from this general exclusion of membership for up to 92 hereditary peers: 90 to be elected by the House, as well as the holders of two royal offices, the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain, who sit as ex officio members. The initial cohort of excepted hereditary peers were elected in the 1999 House of Lords elections. Between 1999 and November 2002, vacancies among this group were filled by runners-up in the 1999 election. Since then, by-elections to the House of Lords have filled vacancies.

Candidature for both the 1999 elections and subsequent by-elections is restricted to peers in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Peers in the Peerage of Ireland are only eligible for election if they hold a title in one of the other peerages, but if successful may use their Irish peerage title as a member of the House. The electorates are either the whole membership of the House of Lords (including life peers), or a party group of sitting hereditary peers. A standing order of the House, approved prior to the commencement of the House of Lords Act 1999, mandates that the 90 elected hereditary peers consist of:[1]

  • 2 peers elected by the Labour hereditary peers
  • 42 peers elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
  • 3 peers elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers
  • 28 peers elected by the crossbench hereditary peers
  • 15 peers elected by the whole House

By convention, whole-House elections elect members of the same affiliation as the departed peer.[2]

These numbers elected by each group reflected the relative strengths of the parties among hereditary peers in 1999; this allocation has remained unchanged since then. The fifteen peers elected by the whole House were intended to provide a group of experienced members ready to serve as deputy speakers or other officers.

A small number of hereditary peers sit in the Lords by virtue of their being granted life peerages (see listing). These are not listed below.

Ex officio members

Earl Marshal

The Earl Marshal is an hereditary post held by the Duke of Norfolk.

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords Tenure
Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk 31 January 1975 24 June 2002
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk 24 June 2002 present

Lord Great Chamberlain

The Lord Great Chamberlain is a hereditary office in gross post among the Cholmondeley, Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby and Carington families.

In 1902 it was ruled by the House of Lords that the then joint office holders (the 1st Earl of Ancaster, the 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley, and the Earl Carrington, later Marquess of Lincolnshire) had to agree on a deputy to exercise the office, subject to the approval of the Sovereign. Should there be no such agreement, the Sovereign should appoint a deputy until an agreement be reached.[3]

In 1912 an agreement was reached. The office, or right to appoint the person to exercise the office, would thereafter rotate among the three joint office holders and their heirs after them, changing at the start of each successive reign. Cholmondeley and his heirs would serve in every other reign; Ancaster and Carrington would each serve once in four reigns.[4]

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords Tenure
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 13 March 1990 8 September 2022
Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington
Elected as an excepted hereditary peer in 2018 		8 September 2022 present

Elected by the whole House

Sitting

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords   Party First sat Elected Replacing
Euan Geddes, 3rd Baron Geddes Conservative 1975 1999
John Eccles, 2nd Viscount Eccles
(left the house in 1999) 		Conservative 1999 4 April 2005 Morys Bruce, 4th Baron Aberdare
David Pollock, 3rd Viscount Hanworth
(left the house in 1999) 		Labour 1996 22 March 2011 David Kenworthy, 11th Baron Strabolgi
Charles Colville, 5th Viscount Colville of Culross Crossbencher 2011 20 July 2011 Geoffrey Russell, 4th Baron Ampthill
Jamie Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick Conservative 2013 17 July 2013 Hugh Mackay, 14th Lord Reay
Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith
Elected as Liberal Democrat; became non-affiliated in 2019, Crossbencher in 2021[5] 		Crossbencher 2014 21 October 2014 Robert Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen
Alastair Campbell, 4th Baron Colgrain Conservative 2017 27 March 2017 Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell
Aeneas Mackay, 15th Lord Reay Conservative 2019 22 January 2019 Roger Bootle-Wilbraham, 7th Baron Skelmersdale
Richard Denison, 9th Baron Londesborough
(left the house in 1999) 		Crossbencher 1996 16 June 2021 Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar
Jasset Ormsby-Gore, 7th Baron Harlech Conservative 2021 14 July 2021 Rodney Elton, 2nd Baron Elton
David Hacking, 3rd Baron Hacking
(left the house in 1999) 		Labour 1971 10 November 2021 Jan David Simon, 3rd Viscount Simon
Massey Lopes, 4th Baron Roborough Conservative 2022 18 October 2022 Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater
Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto Conservative 2022 18 October 2022 Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn
John Russell, 7th Earl Russell Liberal Democrat 2023 13 June 2023 Lucius Cary, 15th Viscount Falkland
William Stonor, 8th Baron Camoys Conservative 2023 22 November 2023 Michael Brougham, 5th Baron Brougham and Vaux

Deceased

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords   Party First sat Elected Replacing Died
George Makgill, 13th Viscount of Oxfuird Conservative 1986 1999 3 January 2003
Morys Bruce, 4th Baron Aberdare Conservative 1957 1999 23 January 2005
David Kenworthy, 11th Baron Strabolgi Labour 1953 1999 24 December 2010
Geoffrey Russell, 4th Baron Ampthill Crossbencher 1973 1999 23 April 2011
Hugh Mackay, 14th Lord Reay Conservative 1963 1999 10 May 2013
Robert Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen Liberal Democrats 1994 1999 9 July 2014
Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell Conservative 1960 1999 11 January 2017
Roger Bootle-Wilbraham, 7th Baron Skelmersdale Conservative 1973 1999 31 October 2018
Jan David Simon, 3rd Viscount Simon Labour 1993 1999 15 August 2021
Michael Brougham, 5th Baron Brougham and Vaux Conservative 1968 1999 27 August 2023

Resigned

Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords   Party First sat Elected Replacing Resigned Died
Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar Crossbencher 1975 1999 1 May 2020
Rodney Elton, 2nd Baron Elton Conservative 1973 1999 29 October 2020 19 August 2023
Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater
(left the house in 1999) 		Conservative 1966 2003 George Makgill, 13th Viscount of Oxfuird 20 July 2022
Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn Conservative 1966 1999 21 July 2022 4 August 2024
Lucius Cary, 15th Viscount Falkland
Elected as Liberal Democrat; joined Crossbenchers in 2011[6] 		Crossbencher 1984 1999 21 March 2023

Elected by the Conservative hereditary peers

Sitting Conservative peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords Qualifying title, if different from highest title First sat Elected Replacing
Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde 1986 1999
David Trefgarne, 2nd Baron Trefgarne 1962 1999
Benjamin Mancroft, 3rd Baron Mancroft 1987 1999
Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe 1984 1999
Malcolm Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness 1969 1999
Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley Baron Northington 1977 1999
Simon Arthur, 4th Baron Glenarthur 1976 1999
William Astor, 4th Viscount Astor 1972 1999
Patrick Stopford, 9th Earl of Courtown Baron Salterford 1975 1999
William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel
Joined Crossbenchers in 2006 on becoming Lord Chamberlain[7] 		1973 1999
Colin Moynihan, 4th Baron Moynihan 1997 1999
John Attlee, 3rd Earl Attlee 1992 1999
Giles Goschen, 4th Viscount Goschen 1986 1999
James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose 1992 1999
Robin Bridgeman, 3rd Viscount Bridgeman 1982 1999
James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay 1989 1999
Ralph Palmer, 12th Baron Lucas 1991 1999
James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne 1977 1999
Richard Fletcher-Vane, 2nd Baron Inglewood
Left party to become non-affiliated in 2018[8] 		1989 1999
Francis Baring, 6th Baron Northbrook 1990 1999
Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury 1980 1999
Edward Foljambe, 5th Earl of Liverpool 1969 1999
Arthur Gore, 9th Earl of Arran Baron Sudley 1983 1999
Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee 1983 1999
Hugh Trenchard, 3rd Viscount Trenchard
(left the house in 1999) 		1987 27 May 2004 Nicholas Vivian, 6th Baron Vivian
Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley 2005 14 March 2005 Hugh Lawson, 6th Baron Burnham
Charles Cathcart, 7th Earl Cathcart
(left the house in 1999) 		1999 7 March 2007 Charles Stourton, 26th Baron Mowbray
James Younger, 5th Viscount Younger of Leckie 2010 23 June 2010 David Carnegie, 14th Earl of Northesk
Henry Ashton, 4th Baron Ashton of Hyde 2011 20 July 2011 Michael Onslow, 7th Earl of Onslow
Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington
Left party to become non-affiliated in 2019, joined Crossbenches 2020[9] 		2015 16 September 2015 Arthur Lawson Johnston, 3rd Baron Luke
Nicholas Fairfax, 14th Lord Fairfax of Cameron
(left the house in 1999) 		1977 24 November 2015 Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu
James Bethell, 5th Baron Bethell 2018 18 July 2018 Robin Dixon, 3rd Baron Glentoran
Guy Mansfield, 6th Baron Sandhurst 2021 14 June 2021 John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne
Thomas Coke, 8th Earl of Leicester 2021 14 June 2021 Bertram Bowyer, 2nd Baron Denham
Sebastian Grigg, 4th Baron Altrincham 2021 14 June 2021 Malcolm Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon
Ian Macpherson, 3rd Baron Strathcarron 2022 8 February 2022 Matthew White Ridley, 5th Viscount Ridley
Jonathan Berry, 5th Viscount Camrose 2022 29 March 2022 Robin Cayzer, 3rd Baron Rotherwick
Philip Remnant, 4th Baron Remnant 2022 5 July 2022 Ivon Moore-Brabazon, 3rd Baron Brabazon of Tara
Clifton Wrottesley, 6th Baron Wrottesley
(left the house in 1999) 		1993 5 July 2022 Roger Swinfen Eady, 3rd Baron Swinfen
Edward Howard, 8th Earl of Effingham 2022 20 October 2022 John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever
Mark Cubitt, 5th Baron Ashcombe 2022 20 October 2022 David Douglas-Home, 15th Earl of Home

Deceased Conservative peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Died
Nicholas Vivian, 6th Baron Vivian 1991 1999 28 February 2004
Hugh Lawson, 6th Baron Burnham 1993 1999 1 January 2005
Charles Stourton, 26th Baron Mowbray 1965 1999 12 December 2006
David Carnegie, 14th Earl of Northesk 1994 1999 28 March 2010
Michael Onslow, 7th Earl of Onslow 1971 1999 14 May 2011
Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers 1954 1999 13 November 2012
Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu 1947 1999 31 August 2015
Roger Swinfen Eady, 3rd Baron Swinfen 1977 1999 5 June 2022
David Douglas-Home, 15th Earl of Home 1995 1999 22 August 2022

Resigned Conservative peers

Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Resigned Died
Arthur Lawson Johnston, 3rd Baron Luke 1996 1999 24 June 2015 2 October 2015
Robin Dixon, 3rd Baron Glentoran 1995 1999 1 June 2018
John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne
Left party to become non-affiliated in 2019[10] 		1971 1999 26 March 2020 12 February 2021
Bertram Bowyer, 2nd Baron Denham 1949 1999 26 April 2021 1 December 2021
Matthew White Ridley, 5th Viscount Ridley 2013 6 February 2013 Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers 17 December 2021
Robin Cayzer, 3rd Baron Rotherwick 1996 1999 1 February 2022
Ivon Moore-Brabazon, 3rd Baron Brabazon of Tara 1976 1999 28 April 2022
John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever 1984 1999 22 July 2022

Removed Conservative peers

Pursuant to section 2 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Removed Died
Malcolm Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon 1963 1999 11 May 2021 18 September 2024
David Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke
Joined UKIP in 2007;[11] non-affiliated from 2018[12] 		1986 1999 9 July 2024

Elected by the Crossbencher hereditary peers

Sitting Crossbench peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords Qualifying title, if different from highest title First sat Elected Replacing
Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg 1993 1999
Anthony St John, 22nd Baron St John of Bletso 1978 1999
Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough 1987 1999
Merlin Hay, 24th Earl of Erroll 1978 1999
Janric Craig, 3rd Viscount Craigavon 1974 1999
John Anderson, 3rd Viscount Waverley 1990 1999
Ambrose Greenway, 4th Baron Greenway 1975 1999
Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn 1979 1999
John Dalrymple, 14th Earl of Stair
(left the house in 1999) 		1996 22 May 2008 Davina Ingrams, 18th Baroness Darcy de Knayth
Alastair Bruce, 5th Baron Aberdare 2009 15 July 2009 Christopher Bathurst, 3rd Viscount Bledisloe
Nicholas Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty Viscount Clancarty 1995 23 June 2010 Mark Colville, 4th Viscount Colville of Culross
John Lytton, 5th Earl of Lytton
(left the house in 1999) 		1985 11 May 2011 John Monson, 11th Baron Monson
Godfrey Bewicke-Copley, 7th Baron Cromwell
(left the house in 1999) 		1982 8 April 2014 John Wilson, 2nd Baron Moran
Simon Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool
(left the house in 1999) 		1981 9 December 2014 Michael Allenby, 3rd Viscount Allenby
John Seymour, 19th Duke of Somerset
(left the house in 1999) 		1984 9 December 2014 David Lytton Cobbold, 2nd Baron Cobbold
Roualeyn Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, 9th Baron Thurlow 2015 3 February 2015 Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley
Charles Hay, 16th Earl of Kinnoull 2015 3 February 2015 Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun
Jeffrey Evans, 4th Baron Mountevans 2015 6 July 2015 William Lloyd George, 3rd Viscount Tenby
Patrick Lawrence, 5th Baron Trevethin 2015 20 October 2015 David Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
John Boyle, 15th Earl of Cork Baron Boyle of Marston 2016 12 July 2016 Thomas Bridges, 2nd Baron Bridges
Richard Gilbey, 12th Baron Vaux of Harrowden 2017 19 July 2017 Robert Walpole, 10th Baron Walpole
Charles Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon 2018 4 July 2018 Edward Baldwin, 4th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington
Became Lord Great Chamberlain in 2022 		2018 28 November 2018 Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne
Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale 2019 27 March 2019 John Slim, 2nd Viscount Slim
John Pakington, 7th Baron Hampton 2022 19 October 2022 Francis Hare, 6th Earl of Listowel
James Meston, 3rd Baron Meston
(left the house in 1999) 		1984 19 September 2023 Adrian Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer
Miles Russell, 28th Baron de Clifford 2023 19 September 2023 Raymond Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton

Deceased Crossbench peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Died
Ziki Robertson, 11th Baroness Wharton 1990 1999 15 May 2000
Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon 1987 1999 10 September 2001
Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness Strange 1986 1999 11 March 2005
Davina Ingrams, 18th Baroness Darcy de Knayth
(Entered the house under the Peerage Act 1963) 		1963 1999 24 February 2008
Christopher Bathurst, 3rd Viscount Bledisloe 1979 1999 12 May 2009
Mark Colville, 4th Viscount Colville of Culross 1954 1999 8 April 2010
John Monson, 11th Baron Monson 1958 1999 12 February 2011
John Wilson, 2nd Baron Moran 1977 1999 14 February 2014
Michael Allenby, 3rd Viscount Allenby 1984 1999 3 October 2014
John Slim, 2nd Viscount Slim 1970 1999 12 January 2019
Adrian Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer 1990 1999 10 July 2023

Resigned Crossbench peers

Pursuant to section 1 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords Qualifying title, if different from highest title First sat Elected Replacing Resigned Died
David Lytton Cobbold, 2nd Baron Cobbold
(left the house in 1999) 		1987 15 October 2000 Ziki Robertson, 11th Baroness Wharton 13 October 2014 10 May 2022
Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley
(left the house in 1999) 		1987 11 September 2001 Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon 17 November 2014 21 February 2016
Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun 1979 1999 12 December 2014 3 September 2024
William Lloyd George, 3rd Viscount Tenby 1983 1999 1 May 2015 12 June 2023
David Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
(left the house in 1999) 		1976 28 June 2005 Cherry Drummond, 16th Baroness Strange 23 July 2015 8 January 2020
Robert Walpole, 10th Baron Walpole 1989 1999 13 June 2017 8 May 2021
Edward Baldwin, 4th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley 1976 1999 9 May 2018 16 June 2021
Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne 1982 1999 4 September 2018 8 September 2019
Francis Hare, 6th Earl of Listowel Baron Hare 1997 1999 21 July 2022
Raymond Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton 1968 1999 27 July 2023
John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich 1995 1999 20 May 2024

Removed Crossbench peers

Pursuant to section 2 of House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Removed Died
Thomas Bridges, 2nd Baron Bridges 1969 1999 18 May 2016 27 May 2017

Elected by the Labour hereditary peers

Sitting Labour peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing
John Suenson-Taylor, 3rd Baron Grantchester
(left the house in 1999) 		1995 4 November 2003 Michael Milner, 2nd Baron Milner of Leeds
Stephen Benn, 3rd Viscount Stansgate 2021 10 July 2021 Nicolas Rea, 3rd Baron Rea

Deceased Labour peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Died
Michael Milner, 2nd Baron Milner of Leeds 1967 1999 20 August 2003
Nicolas Rea, 3rd Baron Rea 1982 1999 1 June 2020

Elected by the Liberal Democrats hereditary peers

Sitting Liberal Democrats peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing
Dominic Hubbard, 6th Baron Addington 1982 1999
Patrick Boyle, 10th Earl of Glasgow
(left the house in 1999) 		1984 25 January 2005 Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell
John Archibald Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso
(left the house in 1999) 		1995 19 April 2016 Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury

Deceased Liberal Democrats peers

Hereditary peer and title used in the Lords First sat Elected Replacing Died
Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell 1987 1999 14 October 2004
Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury 1971 1999 14 February 2016

Current party composition

As of July 2024, the party affiliations of the elected hereditary peers are as follows:[13]

Affiliation Elected by      Total     
Conservative
hereditary peers		 Crossbench
hereditary peers		 Labour
hereditary peers		 Liberal Democrat
hereditary peers		 Whole House
Conservative 37[a][b] – – – 9 46
Crossbenchers 2[b] 27[c] – – 3[d] 32
Labour – – 2 – 2 4
Liberal Democrats – – – 3 1[d] 4
Non-affiliated 2[a] – – – – 2
Total 41 27 2 3 15 88
  1. ^ a b Lord Inglewood and Lord Ashton of Hyde were elected by Conservative hereditary peers but now sit as non-affiliated peers.
  2. ^ a b Earl Peel and Duke of Wellington were elected by Conservative hereditary peers but now sit as Crossbenchers.
  3. ^ Number includes Lord Carrington, who would otherwise be an ex officio member by virtue of holding the office of Lord Great Chamberlain.
  4. ^ a b Earl of Oxford and Asquith was elected by the whole House as a Liberal Democrat but now sits as a Crossbencher.
  • One additional hereditary peer is an ex officio member of the Lords: Duke of Norfolk (Earl Marshal).

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hansard, Vol 604 No 126 Cols 1290–1292". 26 July 1999. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
  2. ^ For example:
    • "By-elections to replace six hereditary peers" (PDF). parliament.uk. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2023. Under the terms of an informal agreement amongst the parties and groups in the House of Lords, it is expected that this vacancy will be filled by an hereditary peer who will sit as a crossbench member of the House
    • Lord True (10 November 2021). "Hereditary Peers: By-elections". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. col. 1703. Yes, there is a by-election today. I have voted in it and, in accordance with the Carter convention, I voted for a Labour Peer. I have kept to the agreements made in 1999.
  3. ^ "Office Of Lord Great Chamberlain". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 6 May 1902. Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Great Officers of State: The Lord Great Chamberlain and The Earl Marshal Archived 6 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The Royal Family. debretts.com Archived 2019-08-24 at the Wayback Machine. Debrett's Limited. Accessed 17 September 2013.
  5. ^ "House of Lords, Official Website – Eal of Oxford and Asquith". Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  6. ^ "House of Lords, Official Website – Viscount Falkland". Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  7. ^ "Earl Peel". UK Parliament. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Lord Inglewood". UK Parliament. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  9. ^ "Duke of Wellington". UK Parliament. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Earl of Selborne". UK Parliament. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  11. ^ "UKIP members in the House of Lords". ukipderbyshire.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  12. ^ "Lord Willoughby de Broke". UK Parliament. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  13. ^ "Lords by party, type of peerage and gender". UK Parliament.

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