List of Russian physicians and psychologists

This list of Russian physicians and psychologists includes the famous physicians and psychologists, medical scientists and medical doctors from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Physicians of all specialties may be listed here.

Alphabetical list

Aleksandr Bakulev, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer
Vladimir Bekhterev, neuropathologist, founder of objective psychology, noted the role of the hippocampus in memory, major contributor to reflexology, studied the Bekhterev’s Disease
Vladimir Betz, discovered Betz cells of primary motor cortex
Peter Borovsky, described the causative agent of Oriental sore
Sergey Botkin, major therapist and court physician
Nikolay Burdenko, major developer of neurosurgery
Konstantin Buteyko, developed the Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders

Pyotr Gannushkin, psychiatrist, pioneer researcher of psychopathies known today as personality disorders
Oleg Gazenko, founder of space medicine, selected and trained Laika, the first space dog
Georgy Gause, inventor of gramicidin S and other antibiotics
Vera Gedroitz, world's first female professor of surgery
Hans-Werner Gessmann, one of the world's most famous professor of clinical psychology, founder of humanistic psychodrama psychotherapy
Yuliya Gippenreyter, researcher in experimental psychology, family therapy and neuro-linguistic programming
Ilya Gruzinov, found that vocal folds are the source of phonation

Waldemar Haffkine, invented the first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague

Aleksey Leontyev, founder of activity theory in psychology
Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of physical education in Russia
Andrey Yevgenyevich Lichko, adolescent psychiatrist
Alexander Luria, co-developer of activity theory and cultural-historical psychology, major researcher of aphasia

Khalida Mamanova, professor, medical doctor, and participant of the Second World War.
Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis; coined the term "gerontology", Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
Lazar Minor, neurologist, described Minor's disease

Pyotr Nikolsky, dermatologist, discoverer of Nikolsky's sign
Raissa Nitabuch, pathologist, the first to describe the spiral arteries which connect the uterine and placental blood flow during pregnancy.

Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, influenced comparative psychology and behaviorism by his works on reflexes, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
Nikolay Pirogov, pioneer of ether anaesthesia and modern field surgery, the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operations
Viktor Protopopov, founder of his own pathophysiological school of thought, namesake of Protopopov's syndrome

Josias Weitbrecht, first to describe the construction and function of intervertebral discs

Alexander Zaporozhets, developmental psychologist, collaborator of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, once head of the Kharkov School of Psychology
Bluma Zeigarnik, psychiatrist, discovered the Zeigarnik effect, founded experimental psychopathology