These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945]. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, the second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had been nominated for the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[4]
Listed here are the 357 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name is in the range "Bn–Bz".[5] Fellgiebel himself delisted one and Scherzer has challenged the validity of eight more of these listings.[6][7] This is the second of two lists of all 725 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients whose last name starts with "B". The recipients whose last name is in the range "Ba–Bm" is listed at List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ba–Bm).[8] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.
Background
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[9] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[10] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[11] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[12]
Recipients
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Bn–Bz)
Service
Number of presentations
Posthumous presentations
Heer
246
14
Kriegsmarine
17
1
Luftwaffe
78
7
Waffen-SS
16
0
The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[13] Of the 357 awards made to servicemen whose last name is in the range "Bn–Bz", 35 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, six the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and one the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds; 22 presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 246 of the medals; 17 went to the Kriegsmarine, 78 to the Luftwaffe, and 16 to the Waffen-SS.[5] The sequential numbers greater than 843 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and 143 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords are unofficial and were assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) and are therefore denoted in parentheses.[14]
This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well. This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded posthumously. This along with the ! (exclamation mark) indicates that author Walther-Peer Fellgiebel has expressed doubt regarding the veracity or formal correctness of the listing. This along with the ? (question mark) indicates that historian Veit Scherzer has expressed doubt regarding the veracity or formal correctness of the listing.
^According to Scherzer as General der Luftwaffe beim Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres und Inspekteur der Aufklärenden-Flieger im Reichsluftfahrtministerium (General of the Luftwaffe with the Supreme High Command of the German Army and Inspector of the Reconnaissance Flyers with the Ministry of Aviation).[30]
^ abAccording to Scherzer on 9 October 1943 as a pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/122.[30]
^According to Scherzer as leader of the 3./Aufklärungs-Abteilung 158.[32]
^ abcThe brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
^Max Bork's nomination by his unit was received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 13 April 1945 via the Reichsführer-SS. MajorJoachim Domaschk requested the explanatory statement from the Commander-in-Chief of AOK 1 via teleprinter message on 14 April 1945. He renewed his request on 5 May 1945. Domasck noted this in the book of "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses). In parallel the HPA received a second nomination by his unit, approved by all intermittent commanding officers, on 28 April 1945. This nomination apparently never made it to Major Domaschk. Both nominations by his unit fail to indicate further evidence that the nomination was processed or approved. The presentation date is an assumption of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Bork was a member of the AKCR.[38]
^According to Scherzer as Oberstleutnant (Ergänzungsoffizier—supplementary officer).[39]
^According to Scherzer as adjutant of the II./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2.[39]
^According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) of the I. Zug/Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 1023 in the Panzerjäger-Abteilung 23.[41]
^Walter Botsch's nomination by his unit was already received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 27 October 1944, forwarded for approval on 3 November 1944 and apparently deferred. The file card notes in the field for the presentation: "see folder for further leadership reports". A second nomination by his unit, most likely related to a different act of bravery or leadership skills, according to the file card was received by the HPA on 5 April 1945. The book of "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) states "deferred" because Botsch was considered missing in action on 16 April 1945. A nomination of the HPA with number 5082 was created. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[38]
^According to Scherzer as commanding general of the LIII. Armeekorps.[38]
^According to Scherzer as commander of Heeres-Sturmartillerie-Brigade 912.[45]
^No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Josef Brandner's own account he received the Oak Leaves from the commanding general of the XXXVIII. Armeekorps, General der ArtillerieKurt Herzog in the Courland Pocket. He did not mention a date for the presentation. Presumably pictures showing him with Oak Leaves exist. The Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) assumes a direct presentation from Berlin. The presentation date is also an assumption by the AKCR. A presentation of the Oak Leaves only four to five weeks after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross is very unlikely. The German Federal Archives holds numerous records of nominations which have been rejected on the grounds that a high-ranking military award had just been presented. Brandner was a member of the AKCR.[48]
^Oskar Bremermann's nomination by his unit was received on 19 April 1945. The Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) did not create an internal nomination request. The existing file card in the German Archives is not contemporary! This card states: "nominated on 20 April 1945, forwarded by MajorJoachim Domaschk on 28 April yes". The book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) states approval by Domaschk "Knight's Cross yes". No further evidence of the presentation can be found. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. Bremermann was a member of the AKCR.[48]
^Josef Bremm's nomination by his unit was rejected by MajorJoachim Domaschk on 30 April 1945 and instead recommended for the German Cross in Gold. Just like all other nominations, which at this point in time were related to members of the 11. Armee, the nomination was not further processed since the 11. Armee had capitulated on 21 April 1945 and presentations to prisoners of war or missing in action were prohibited. In all other instances of similar circumstances a note on the nomination can be found stating: "postpone AOK 11" or "postpone according to AHA 44 Ziff. 572 (Allgemeines Heeresamt — General Army Office)". The entry date noted on the nomination list for the higher grades of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross is 28 April 1945. The list indicates a note "deferred". The Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) claims that the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The sequential number "159" was assigned by the AKCR. The presentation date was assigned by Fellgiebel. Bremm was a member of the AKCR.[48]
^According to Scherzer as leader of the infantry company in the Kampfstaffel [Kasta] of the Heeresgruppe Afrika.[58]
^No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Walther-Peer Fellgiebel the presentation was made by FeldmarschallFerdinand Schörner in accordance with the enabling act of 3 May 1945, which is incorrect, because Schörner wrote to Hans Bretz on 27 June 1955 that "in the last days of the month April 1945 the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was presented." Scherzer argues that this seems to have been a favour to Bretz because there was no communication link into the Führerhauptquartier at the end of April. The Order Commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed this case in 1982. What evidence was analyzed and processed is unknown to Scherzer. Scherzer speculates that this was based on Schörner's favour to Bretz and the AKCR decided: Knight's Cross "yes on 27 April 1945". Apparently the AKCR later were unconvinced and changed the date to 6 May 1945. Scherzer posed the question if this was done in order to declare the bestowal as a Schörner presentation. Scherzer was denied access to files, which could help clarify the case, of the AKCR on the grounds of the Bundesarchivgesetz (German Archive Law). Bretz had been a member of AKCR but left the AKCR.[60]
^According to Scherzer as commander of Flak-Bataillon 606.[61]
^According to Scherzer as commander of Minenschiff Cobra.[61]
^ abAccording to Scherzer on 31 December 1943 and pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 6.(F)/122/Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 1.[61]
^According to Scherzer as a Richtschütze (gunner) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 25.[61]
^ abAccording to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves and chief of Panzerjäger-Kompanie 1299.[63]
^According to Scherzer as adjutant of Panzer-Regiment 15.[63]
^According to Scherzer as adjutant of Grenadier-Regiment 123.[63]
^According to Scherzer as a machine gunner in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 386.[63]
^No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Wilhelm Bröckerhoff's own account the presentation was noted in his pay book.[65] The files of the Order Commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) indicate that the former divisional commander, General Hermann Schulte-Heuthaus, in 1961 remembered that he had nominated Bröckerhoff for the Knight's Cross sometime between the middle and end of March 1945. Also noted in the files of the AKCR is that Bröckerhoff's pay book was missing when Von Seemen had asked for Bröckerhoff for a copy. An additional intermittent commander, the former Commander-in-Chief of the Panzer-Korps "Großdeutschland" General Georg Jauer, stated in 1961 "that he cannot remember this case" and "that he doesn't know when the Knight's Cross was approved and when the presentation was made." Jauer also stated that "he has no doubt that after the nomination was made and submitted—as stated by Schulte-Heuthaus—that Major Bröckerhoff would have received the Knight's Cross." The nomination was definitely not received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office)—as stated by Von Seemen—nor rejected by the HPA. Karl Dönitz, who received Jauer's letter, accepted Jauer's assumption. Dönitz wrote to Bröckerhoff: "Everything is alright!" and testified on 18 April 1961 to have awarded Bröckerhoff "the Knight’s Cross on 8 May 1945". Bröckerhoff was a member of the AKCR.[66]
^ abAccording to Scherzer his name is spelled Max Buchholz who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as a pilot in the Stab I./Jagdgeschwader 3.[74]
^According to Scherzer as leader of the 5./SS-Kavallerie-Regiment 15.[77]
^According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./SS-Festungs-Regiment "Besslein"/Festung Breslau (fortress Breslau).[77]
^According to Scherzer as commander of SchnellbootS-27 respectively S-51 in the 1. Schnellbootflottille.[77]
^No evidence of the award to Karl-Heinz Bühler can be found in the German Federal Archives. The award was presumably awarded by SS-OberstgruppenführerSepp Dietrich, which would make it an unlawful presentation. The Order Commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed this case in 1977 and decided: Knight's Cross no, 1 May 1945. The case Bühler was again processed in the fall of 1983. Whether or not additional or new evidence materialized remains unknown. The Order Commission decided this time: Knight's Cross yes, 8 May 1945. Von Seemen lists him on 7 May 1945, Krätschmer states 1 May 1945. Fellgiebel later re-dated the award on 6 May 1945. It remains subject to speculation why this was done. Bühler was a member of the AKCR.[78]
^According to Scherzer in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen".[77]
^ abAccording to Scherzer as Oberleutnant and leader of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 528.[79]
^According to Scherzer as Staffelführer of the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/122.[82]
^No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. Gerhard von Seemen in his second edition of the Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 from 1976 quotes that Manfred Büttner is listed by Böhmler Fallschirmjäger, 1. Auflage.[83] Walther-Peer Fellgiebel states about Büttner in his book: "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients exist, who do not have official evidence in the Federal Archives, but are members of the Bundeswehr and claimed to be Knight's Cross recipients. This claim in some cases was investigated by the Militärischer Abschirmdienst (MAD—Military Counterintelligence Service ) and accepted." Büttner was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[84][85]
^According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Pionier-Bataillon 11.[86]
^Walther-Peer Fellgiebel has struck Heinrich Burchard from the list of Knight's Cross recipients. He noted that Burchard never received the Knight's Cross but the German Cross in Gold on 15 March 1943 instead.[6]
^ abAccording to Scherzer his name is Ludwig-Wilhelm Burkhardt who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as a pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 77.[89]
^In 1956 Mr. Steuer, formerly the chief of Heerespersonalamt/P 5 (HPA—Army Staff Office), found a machine written Knight's Cross presentation document dated 2 May 1945 from General der GebirgstruppeRudolf Konrad (commanding general of the LXVIII. Armeekorps) on behalf of the Commander-in-Chief of Heeresgruppe Süd, in the personal files at the Federal Ministry of Defence of Alfred Burgemeister. Steuer had sent a copy of this document to the department "III C5" at Federal Ministry of Defence, commenting that: "this documented is to be amended to the personal files of Oberst a.D. Burgemeister in which a presentation of the Knight's Cross is not noted." The presentation, according to this document, which was made on 2 May 1945 and "on behalf of" is therefore illegal. Burgemeister was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[90]
^According to Scherzer as chief of the 14./Divisions-Gruppe 112.[88]
^"Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940"(PDF). ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer[in German] (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN978-3-7909-0284-6.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN978-3-938845-17-2.
Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren Angaben [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 : The Knight's Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services, Diamonds, Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation: Appendix with Further Information and Presentation Requirements] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. ISBN978-3-7909-0051-4.
Aia kawa (bahasa Minangkabau: air kopi daun) atau kopi daun atau kawa daun adalah minuman dari daun kopi yang diseduh seperti teh yang berasal dari Sumatera Barat[1] dan Kerinci.[2] Daun kopi lokal pilihan awalnya dikeringkan dengan cara disangrai selama 12 jam. Saat akan diminum, daun kering ini dicampur dengan air dingin, lalu diseduh dengan air mendidih.[3] Di daerah Kerinci, minuman ini dikenal dengan sebutan air kawo.[2] Kawa daun dan gorengan Sejarah Kopi...
Meteorologiåret 1944 1943 · 1944 · 1945Humaniora och kulturFilm · Konst · Litteratur · Musik · Radio · Serier · TeaterSamhällsvetenskap och samhälleEkonomi · Krig · Politik · SportTeknik och vetenskapMeteorologi · Vetenskap Händelser Mars 2 mars - Den största snörullen någonsin, 90 centimeter i diameter, hittas vid Wallersee nära Salzburg inleds [1]. Maj Maj - Med medeltemperaturen -6,3 °C upplever Fanaråken...
Nokia 7380 adalah produk telepon genggam yang dirilis oleh perusahaan Nokia. Telepon genggam ini memiliki dimensi 114 x 30 x 20 mm dengan berat 80 gram. Ponsel ini dirilis pertama kali pada bulan Oktober 2005. Fitur USB Pop port MP3, AAC ringtones SMS MMS Bluetooth v2.0 Permainan Radio FM Internet GPRS Inframerah Speaker phone Baterai Li-Ion 700 mAh (BL-8N) Lihat pula Daftar produk Nokia Pranala luar di GSM Arena lbsNokiaAnak usaha Nokia Bell Labs Nokia Networks Nokia Technologies Unit lain N...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Падшие ангелы (значения). Запрос «Падший ангел» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения. Иллюстрация Гюстава Доре к поэме Дж. Мильтона «Потерянный рай», 1866 Медиафайлы на Викискладе Па́дшие а́нгелы — соглас...
King of Wessex IneKing Ine depicted in the Transfiguration Window of Wells Cathedral.King of WessexReign689–726PredecessorCædwallaSuccessorÆthelheardDiedAfter 726RomeSpouseÆthelburg of WessexHouseWessexFatherCenred Ine or Ini, (died in or after 726)[1] was King of Wessex from 689 to 726. At Ine's accession, his kingdom dominated much of southern England. However, he was unable to retain the territorial gains of his predecessor, Cædwalla, who had expanded West Saxon territory sub...
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento funzionari non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Commento: Praticamente nessuna fonte da 10 anni Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Leka ZoguLeka Zogu nel 2012Pretendente al trono d'AlbaniaStemma In carica30 novembre 2011 –in carica PredecessoreLeka Zogu Nome completoLeka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu NascitaClinica Sandto...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Namada Chilume – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Place in Karnataka, IndiaNamada chilumeCountry IndiaStateKarnatakaDistrictTumkuruLanguages • OfficialKannadaTime z...
Mathematical model for describing material deformation under stress This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series onContinuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion Laws Conservations Mass Momentum Energy I...
Chasten ButtigiegChasten (kiri) bersama dengan suaminya, Pete Buttigieg Suami Wali Kota South Bend[1]PetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Januari 2016 (de facto)PendahuluPeg LueckePenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahirChasten James Glezman23 Juni 1989 (umur 34)Traverse City, Michigan, ASPartai politikDemokratSuami/istriPete Buttigieg (m. 2024)PendidikanNorthwestern Michigan CollegeUniversitas Wisconsin–Eau Claire (BA)Universitas DePaul (MEd)Sunting kota...
ابن الحاجب معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1174 إسنا الوفاة سنة 1249 (74–75 سنة) الإسكندرية الحياة العملية المهنة كاتب ، ومؤرخ ، ومفتٍ ، ومدرّس اللغات العربية أعمال بارزة منتهى الوصول والأمل في علمي الأصول والجدل [لغات أخرى]، وجامع الأمهات، ومختصر ا...
Subscription-based gaming service This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Outdated information; lengthy sentences; some paragraphs written like advertisements. Please help improve this article if you can. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) EA PlayDeveloperElectronic ArtsTypeSubscription gaming serviceLaunch dateAugust 11, 2014 (2014-08-11) (Xbox One)July 24, 2019 (2019-07-24) (PlayStat...
Early Medieval Irish alphabet This article contains Ogham text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Ogham letters. Ogham ᚛ᚑᚌᚐᚋ᚜An inscription found in 1975 in Ratass Church, Tralee, County KerryScript type Alphabet Time periodc. 4th–10th centuriesDirectionBottom-to-top, left-to-right LanguagesPrimitive Irish; Old Irish; Pictish[1][2][3]ISO 15924ISO 15924Ogam (212), OghamUni...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Frackville, Pennsylvania – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) City in Pennsylvania, United StatesFrackvilleCityLehigh Avenue in Frackville in 2015Etymology: Daniel FrackNickname: Mountain C...
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ميثاق الأمم المتحدة (توضيح). ميثاق الأمم المتحدة الفصل الثاني عشر:[1] في نظام الوصاية الدولي المادة 75 تنشئ «الأمم المتحدة» تحت إشرافها نظاماً دولياً للوصاية، وذلك لإدارة الأقاليم التي قد تخضع لهذا النظام بمقتضى إتفاقات فردية لاحقة وللإشراف عليه...
For a list of the tallest bridges (ranked by structural height), see List of tallest bridges. This list of highest bridges includes bridges with a deck height of at least 200 metres (660 ft). The deck height of a bridge is the maximum vertical drop distance between the bridge deck (the road, rail or other transport bed of a bridge) and the ground or water surface beneath the bridge span. Deck height is different from structural height, which is a measure of the maximum vertical distance...
2017 American science fiction thriller television series CounterpartGenre Thriller Science fiction Created byJustin MarksStarring J. K. Simmons Olivia Williams Harry Lloyd Nazanin Boniadi Sara Serraiocco Ulrich Thomsen Nicholas Pinnock Betty Gabriel James Cromwell ComposerJeff RussoCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languages English German No. of seasons2No. of episodes20ProductionExecutive producers Amy Berg Justin Marks Bard Dorros Keith Redmon Morten Tyldum Jordan Horowitz Gary Gilber...
For other uses, see Chamber of Deputies. Chamber of the Gentlemen Deputies of the Portuguese Nation Câmara dos Senhores Deputados da Nação PortuguesaTypeTypeLower house of the Cortes Gerais HistoryFounded1822Disbanded1910LeadershipFirst President of the ChamberFr. Francisco de São Luís Saraiva Last President of the ChamberJosé Capelo Franco Frazão, 1st Count of Penha Garcia Seats148Meeting placeSão Bento Palace Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal The Chamber of Deputies of Portugal, alternati...
European pay television channel This article is about the European channel. For the US channel, see Science Channel. Television channel Discovery ScienceDiscovery Science logo.CountryUnited KingdomBroadcast areaEuropeMiddle EastAfricaHeadquartersAmsterdam, NetherlandsProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishDubbed:ArabicBulgarianCzechFrenchHungarianItalianPolishRomanianRussianSwedishTurkishPicture format1080i HDTV(downscaled to 16:9 576i for the SDTV feed)Timeshift serviceDiscovery Science +1OwnershipOwn...