The following were the national records in the sport of athletics in Czechoslovakia maintained by the Czechoslovak Athletics Federation until the country's dissolution in 1993.

Key to tables: + = en route to a longer distance
h = hand timing
# = not ratified by federation
Mx = mark was made in a mixed race
OT = oversized track (> 200m in circumference)

Event	Record	Athlete	Date	Meet	Place	Ref.
100 m
200 m
400 m
800 m
1000 m
1500 m
Mile	3:52.59	Jozef Plachý	3 July 1978	DN Galan	Stockholm, Sweden
2000 m	5:01.2	Josef Odložil	8 September 1965		Stará Boleslav, Czechoslovakia
3000 m
5000 m	13:24.99	Jiří Sýkora	1 August 1980	Olympic Games	Moscow, Soviet Union
10,000 m
10 km (road)
15 km (road)	44:42	Ivan Uvizl	15 November 1992		Nijmegen, Netherlands
20,000 m (track)	59:38.6+	Ivan Uvizl	25 September 1980		Ostrava, Czechoslovakia
20 km (road)
One hour	20114.2 m	Ivan Uvizl	25 September 1980		Ostrava, Czechoslovakia
Half marathon
25,000 m (track)	1:16:36.4	Emil Zátopek	29 October 1955		Čelákovice, Czechoslovakia
25 km (road)	1:15:28	Ivan Uvizl	5 May 1991		Berlin, Germany
30,000 m (track)	1:34:54.2	Pavel Kantorek	31 October 1962		Stará Boleslav, Czechoslovakia
Marathon
110 m hurdles
400 m hurdles
3000 m steeplechase	8:23.8	Dušan Moravčík	17 September 1972		Prague, Czechoslovakia
High jump	2.36 m	Ján Zvara	23 August 1987		Prague, Czechoslovakia
Pole vault
Long jump
Triple jump	17.53 m (+0.9 m/s)	Milan Mikuláš	17 July 1988		Prague, Czechoslovakia
Shot put
Discus throw	71.26 m	Imrich Bugár	25 May 1985		San Jose, California, United States
Hammer throw
Javelin throw	90.18 m	Jan Železný	19 September 1992		Tokyo, Japan
Decathlon
20,000 m walk (track)
20 km walk (road)	1:18:13	Pavol Blažek	16 September 1990		Hildesheim, Germany
Two hours walk (track)	27310 m +	Ivo Piták	16 March 1986		Prague, Czechoslovakia
30,000 m walk (track)	2:12:17.0	Ivo Piták	16 March 1986		Prague, Czechoslovakia
50,000 m walk (track)	3:58:28.1	Ivo Piták	12 October 1985		Prague, Czechoslovakia
50 km walk (road)
4 × 100 m relay
4 × 200 m relay	1:22.42	Sparta Prague Jiří Mezihorák Milan Bělošek Karel Kopeček Jindřich Roun	28 May 1988		Prague, Czechoslovakia
4 × 400 m relay
4 × 800 m relay	7:19.6	Czechoslovakia Petr Bláha Pavel Pěnkava Pavel Hruška Jan Kasal	22 June 1966		London, United Kingdom
4 × 1500 m relay	15:26.4	ÚDA Prague Duan Čikel Ivan Ullsperger Stanislav Jungwirth Alexander Zvolenský	22 June 1966		London, United Kingdom

Event	Record	Athlete	Date	Meet	Place	Ref.
100 m	11.09 (+1.7 m/s)	Jarmila Kratochvílová	6 June 1981		Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
200 m	21.97 (+1.9 m/s)	Jarmila Kratochvílová	6 June 1981		Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
300 m	34.95+	Jarmila Kratochvílová	18 August 1982		Zürich, Switzerland	[1]
400 m	47.99	Jarmila Kratochvílová	10 August 1983	World Championships	Helsinki, Finland
800 m	1:53.28	Jarmila Kratochvílová	26 July 1983		Munich, Germany
1000 m
1500 m	4:01.84	Ivana Walterová	11 August 1986		Budapest, Hungary
Mile
2000 m
3000 m
5000 m
5 km (road)
10,000 m
10 km (road)
15 km (road)
One hour	16445 m Mx	Vlasta Rulcová	5 September 1981		Mladá Boleslav, Czechoslovakia
20,000 m (track)
20 km (road)
Half marathon
25 km (road)
30 km (road)
Marathon
100 m hurdles
400 m hurdles
3000 m steeplechase
High jump
Pole vault
Long jump	7.01 m (−0.2 m/s)	Eva Murková	26 May 1984		Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Triple jump
Shot put	22.32 m	Helena Fibingerová	20 August 1977		Nitra, Czechoslovakia
Discus throw	74.56 m	Zdeňka Šilhavá	26 August 1984		Nitra, Czechoslovakia
Hammer throw
Javelin throw
Heptathlon
3000 m walk (track)
5000 m walk (track)
5 km walk (road)
10,000 m walk (track)
10 km walk (road)
15 km walk (road)
20 km walk (road)
50 km walk (road)
4 × 100 m relay	42.98	Czechoslovakia Štěpánka Sokolová Radislava Šoborová Taťána Kocembová Jarmila Kratochvílová	18 August 1982	Weltklasse Zürich	Zürich, Switzerland
4 × 200 m relay	1:39.9 h	Zbrojovka Brno Zuzana Glosová Alena Vozáková Eva Putnová Jana Šmerdová	10 September 1968		Brno, Czechoslovakia
4 × 400 m relay	3:20.32	Czechoslovakia Taťána Kocembová Milena Matějkovičová Zuzana Moravčíková Jarmila Kratochvílová	14 August 1983	World Championships	Helsinki, Finland
4 × 800 m relay	9:15.2 h	Slávia VŠ Prague Ivana Brožová Věra Mertlíková Jindřiška Červená Miluše Hrstková	12 October 1974		Prague, Czechoslovakia

General

• Czech Records (in Czech)
• Slovak Records
• Czech Indoor All Comers Records (in Czech)