Leukotriene C4 synthase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
LTC4S Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4JRZ , 2PNO , 2UUH , 2UUI , 3B29 , 3HKK , 3LEO , 3PCV , 4J7T , 4J7Y , 4JC7 , 4JCZ , 5HV9 , 4WAB
Identifiers Aliases LTC4S External IDs OMIM : 246530 ; MGI : 107498 ; HomoloGene : 7406 ; GeneCards : LTC4S ; OMA :LTC4S - orthologs RNA expression patternBgee Human Mouse (ortholog)Top expressed in right uterine tube testicle apex of heart right coronary artery left uterine tube right auricle left coronary artery right adrenal cortex olfactory zone of nasal mucosa right hemisphere of cerebellum
Top expressed in choroid plexus of fourth ventricle lactiferous gland white adipose tissue subcutaneous adipose tissue brown adipose tissue stroma of bone marrow right kidney embryo primary oocyte Epithelium of choroid plexus
More reference expression data
BioGPS
Wikidata
Leukotriene C4 synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTC4S gene .[ 5] [ 6]
The protein encoded by this gene, LTC4S (or glutathione S-transferase II ) is an enzyme that converts leukotriene A4 and glutathione to create leukotriene C4 . This is a member of MAPEG family of transmembrane proteins . A trimer of Leukotriene C4 synthase is localized on the outer nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum , where it forms a complex with 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein . This protein is remotely related to microsomal glutathione S-transferase .
Function
The MAPEG (Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes . This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes , potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid . Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma . This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum .[ 6]
Eicosanoid synthesis. (Leukotrienes at right.)
References
Further reading
Penrose JF (1999). "LTC4 synthase. Enzymology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology . 17 (1–2): 133–52. doi :10.1007/BF02737601 . PMID 10436863 . S2CID 34121294 . Penrose JF, Austen KF (2000). "The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase". Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians . 111 (6): 537–46. doi :10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x . PMID 10591082 . Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J, et al. (2000). "Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG). A widespread protein superfamily". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med . 161 (2 Pt 2): S20–4. doi :10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_1.ltta-5 . PMID 10673221 . Bigby TD (2000). "The leukotriene C(4) synthase gene and asthma". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol . 23 (3): 273–6. doi :10.1165/ajrcmb.23.3.f197 . PMID 10970815 . Penrose JF, Gagnon L, Goppelt-Struebe M, et al. (1993). "Purification of human leukotriene C4 synthase" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 89 (23): 11603–6. doi :10.1073/pnas.89.23.11603 PMC 50601 PMID 1454853 . Nicholson DW, Ali A, Klemba MW, et al. (1992). "Human leukotriene C4 synthase expression in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated U937 cells" . J. Biol. Chem . 267 (25): 17849–57. doi :10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37121-2 PMID 1517222 . Penrose JF, Spector J, Lam BK, et al. (1995). "Purification of human lung leukotriene C4 synthase and preparation of a polyclonal antibody". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med . 152 (1): 283–9. doi :10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599836 . PMID 7599836 . Söderström M, Morgenstern R, Hammarström S (1995). "Protein-protein interaction affinity chromatography of leukotriene C4 synthase". Protein Expr. Purif . 6 (3): 352–6. doi :10.1006/prep.1995.1046 . PMID 7663172 . Welsch DJ, Creely DP, Hauser SD, et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning and expression of human leukotriene-C4 synthase" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 91 (21): 9745–9. Bibcode :1994PNAS...91.9745W . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.21.9745 PMC 44893 PMID 7937884 . Nicholson DW, Ali A, Vaillancourt JP, et al. (1993). "Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 90 (5): 2015–9. Bibcode :1993PNAS...90.2015N . doi :10.1073/pnas.90.5.2015 PMC 46011 PMID 8446623 . Penrose JF, Spector J, Baldasaro M, et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human leukotriene C4 synthase. Organization, nucleotide sequence, and chromosomal localization to 5q35" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (19): 11356–61. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.19.11356 PMID 8626689 . Bigby TD, Hodulik CR, Arden KC, Fu L (1997). "Molecular cloning of the human leukotriene C4 synthase gene and assignment to chromosome 5q35" . Mol. Med . 2 (5): 637–46. doi :10.1007/BF03401647 . PMC 2230200 PMID 8898379 . Scoggan KA, Jakobsson PJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW (1997). "Production of leukotriene C4 in different human tissues is attributable to distinct membrane bound biosynthetic enzymes" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (15): 10182–7. doi :10.1074/jbc.272.15.10182 PMID 9092565 . Sala A, Folco G, Henson PM, Murphy RC (1997). "Pharmacological modulation of human platelet leukotriene C4-synthase". Biochem. Pharmacol . 53 (6): 905–8. doi :10.1016/S0006-2952(96)00819-2 . PMID 9113110 . Spanbroek R, Stark HJ, Janssen-Timmen U, et al. (1998). "5-Lipoxygenase expression in Langerhans cells of normal human epidermis" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 95 (2): 663–8. Bibcode :1998PNAS...95..663S . doi :10.1073/pnas.95.2.663 PMC 18477 PMID 9435249 .
External links
Receptor (ligands )
BLT Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor
BLT1 Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 BLT2 Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
CysLT Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
CysLT1 Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 CysLT2 Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 CysLTE Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E
Enzyme (inhibitors )
5-LOX Tooltip Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 12-LOX Tooltip Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase 15-LOX Tooltip Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase LTA4 H Tooltip Leukotriene A4 hydrolase LTB4 H Tooltip Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase LTC4 S Tooltip Leukotriene C4 synthase LTC4 H Tooltip Leukotriene C4 hydrolase LTD4 Tooltip Leukotriene D4 hydrolase
Others
