Left Bank Books (St. Louis)

Left Bank Books
IndustrySpecialty retail
Founded1969 (1969)
FounderKris Kleindienst
Headquarters
St. Louis, Missouri
,
United States
Number of locations
1 store
Area served
St. Louis metropolitan area
ProductsNew, used, and rare books
OwnersKris Kleindienst
Number of employees
about 20
Websitewww.left-bank.com

Left Bank Books is an independent bookstore located at 399 N. Euclid Street in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. It is the oldest independently operated bookstore in St. Louis. It was founded by students in 1969 as a leftist collective to sell underground, counter-cultural, feminist, and anti-establishment books, newspapers, and magazines—the first to do so in the St. Louis region. It was the first bookstore with its name in the United States, and the first exhibiting gallery for children's book illustrator Mary Engelbreit. Left Bank Books sponsors reading groups, book signings, author appearances, and community literary activities. In 2015 the Washington Post named it one of the best bookstores in the United States and in 2017 Real Simple magazine has called Left Bank Books the best bookstore in the state of Missouri.

History and description

Left Bank Books was founded by a group of Washington University in St. Louis graduate students in July 1969. It was run as a leftist collective to provide alternative literature and protest the Vietnam War. At the time, the store was one of the only places to purchase leftist, feminist, alternative, and counter-culture publications and writings in the Midwest. The store carried (then controversial) publications such as Rolling Stone magazine. The store developed one of the first Feminist/Women's studies and Gay and lesbian studies book sections in the area.[1][2][3]

The store's original location was on Skinker Blvd., before it relocated to Delmar Blvd. in the Delmar Loop, near Washington University. In 1977, the store moved to 399 N. Euclid Street in the Central West End neighborhood. From December 2008 to May 2014 Left Bank Books operated a second store at 321 North 10th Street in St. Louis.[4][5] In 1994 Left Bank Books opened a coffee shop next to the Central West End store.[6] In 1998, Left Bank Books was a plaintiff in an antitrust lawsuit by the American Booksellers Association against national chain bookstores Borders and Barnes & Noble. The lawsuit alleged the large chains were using their market power to obtain special deals from book publishers (including publisher discounts, selective payment terms, and special book return arrangements) that were unavailable to small booksellers.[7][8] The lawsuit was settled in 2001 for $4.7 million.[9]

Over its history, Left Bank Books has been home to several cats. The first was Captain Nemo, who was rescued from drowning and nursed back to health by the store owners. After his death, the store became home to Jamaica, named by customers after author Jamaica Kincaid. Jamaica (the cat) died in April 2005. She was succeeded by Spike.[10] Spike is mentioned in Emily Giffin's book Where We Belong.[11] In 2012, Spike was named "Bookstore Cat of the Year" at Book Expo America.[12] In that same year, the website Mental Floss named Spike one of "10 Excellent Bookstore Cats".[13] The store's current cat, Orleans, moved in in 2022.

In 2024, owner Kris Kleindienst received the Michele Karlsberg Leadership Award from the Publishing Triangle.[14][15]

Activities and events

Author book signings

Left Bank Books currently presents 250 author events a year. Hosted authors have included U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, feminist writer and activist Gloria Steinem, humorist David Sedaris, poet Allen Ginsberg, author Toni Morrison, chef Rick Bayless, poet Anne Lamott, poet William Gass, sci-fi author Ann Leckie, graphic artist Alison Bechdel, and writer-activist Sarah Schulman.[16] In 1999, the store refused to host former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger for a book signing due to his role in the Vietnam War.[17][18]

For many years, Left Bank Books maintained an art gallery in the lower level of its Euclid Street location that exhibited artists before they were more widely recognized. The gallery mounted eight-to-nine exhibits per year. Many of the exhibited artists created works, announcements, and posters naming Left Bank Books.[1]

Left Bank Books was the first and, for a time, exclusive exhibiting gallery of work by book, poster, and greeting card-illustrator Mary Engelbreit.[19] Engelbreit hand drew announcements and invitations for her exhibits, as well as other advertising and promotional material for the store.[20] She also painted small chairs in her designs for the store’s children’s book section. Engelbreit’s well-known 1985 illustration A Book is a Present You Can Open Again and Again was originally created as a poster to advertise Left Bank Books. The store's name and address appeared on the original design, but this information was often removed in subsequent reproductions.[21]

Collage announcing John Rozelle exhibition at Left Bank Books (1980)

The painter and collagist John Rozelle exhibited work at Left Bank Books in 1980. The artist created an announcement for his show at the store. Rozelle went on to teach at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.[22]

Painter Carol Carter, photographer Michael Eastman, painter Nancy Exarhu, and illustrator Joan Bugnitz have also exhibited at Left Bank Books.

Other activities

Left Bank Books regularly sponsors community literary activities. The store currently hosts several reading groups devoted to various subjects and genres of literature.

The Left Bank Books River City Readers Program connects financial donors to children in St. Louis Public Schools. The program's goals are to increase literacy and promote a love of reading among children in St. Louis area schools. Students in the program receive a free new book every other month and meet with authors throughout the school year.[23]

In 2011, Left Bank Books helped launch the St. Louis Independent Bookstore Alliance.[24] The Alliance helps raise awareness of independent bookstores in the St. Louis area and their contributions to the local community.

In 2014, after the shooting of Michael Brown in nearby Ferguson, Missouri, Left Bank Books launched Ferguson Reads, a monthly reading group discussing literary and historical works on race and the black Civil Rights Movement.[25] The store compiled the #BlackLivesMatter reading list, which included books such as Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, James Baldwin's The Fire Next Time, and Jesmyn Ward's Men We Reaped.[26][27][28] The store's Black Lives Matter window display was the subject of a customer complaint that lead to an article in Huffington Post.[29][30] In 2015, Left Bank Books established Mixed Messages Press, to publish literary fiction and other writing.[31] In November 2014, Mixed Messages Press published A Wedding Song for Poorer People by Alfred DePew.

In 2017, Left Bank Books launched Bookfest St. Louis, a week long book festival centered on the Central West End neighborhood.[32][33] 2017 presenting authors included Sherman Alexie, Amy Stewart, and Ann Leckie.[33]

Left Bank Books Foundation

The non-profit Left Bank Books Foundation was formed in 2008 by a collection of current and former owners and other community members.[32] The Foundation receives the majority of its funding from small individual donations to the Friends of Left Bank Books. The Foundation sponsors literary events and also works with St. Louis Public School children through the store's River City Readers Program. The project provides copies of children's books to area students and arranges author visits to schools.

Recognition

Left Bank Books is frequently recognized for its contributions to the Central West End neighborhood, its wider community activities, and promotion of regional literary culture. In 2003, the St. Louis Board of Aldermen passed a resolution recognizing Left Bank Books' "more than 30 years of commitment and service to the City of St. Louis."[34]

The store is often listed among the best new and used bookstores by local, regional, and national media and organizations. For many years the store has been voted by readers and editors of the local RiverFront Times in the categories best bookstore, best used bookstore, and best bookstore chain (when it had multiple locations).[35] In 2015 the store was shortlisted for both the Publishers Weekly Bookstore of the Year Award and the WNBA Pannell Award.[36][37][38] In 2017, Real Simple magazine named Left Bank Books the "best bookstore" in Missouri.[39] Huffington Post has also recognized it as one of the "50 Best Independent Bookstores in America".[40]

The store's significance in the history of the St. Louis LGBTQ community was recognized by its inclusion of its second (Delmar Blvd.) location in Washington University libraries' Mapping LGBTQ St. Louis project in 2017.[2]

Literary mentions

Left Bank Books is mentioned in the Kyle Beachy novel The Slide.[41] It was also the subject of a short story by Guggenheim Fellow Kathleen Finneran in the anthology My Bookstore: Writers Celebrate Their Favorite Places to Browse, Read and Shop.[42] Left Bank Books was mentioned in the blog of graphic artist Alison Bechdel, creator of the long-running comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For and bestselling graphic novel Fun Home.[43] The store is also mentioned in Emily Giffin's 2012 novel Where We Belong: A Novel.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b Scott Shackford, "Words of Wisdom,' The Montage 31/8 (23 Jan 1994): 6–7.
  2. ^ a b "Mapping LGBTQ St. Louis, 1945-1992". Wust1.maps.arcgis.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ Liz Button, "A Most Successful year for Left Bank Books" Bookselling this Week (14 May 2015)
  5. ^ Barker, Jacob. "Left Bank Books to close downtown store". Stltoday.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  6. ^ Neal Lerner, "Book Store Adds Coffee to Contents,” Central West End Journal (24 Nov 1994): 1A-2A.
  7. ^ Gina Covina, "Battle of the Booksellers: Indies Take Chains to Court," Express (3 April 1998)
  8. ^ Patricia Holt, "Book Brawl: Independent Bookstores, the Internet, Chain Stores, and Discount House Duke It Out," Whole Earth (1999): 64-67.
  9. ^ "Booksellers Settle Lawsuit Against Chains". ilsr.org. May 2001. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  10. ^ "About Us". Left-bank.com. 20 March 2009. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Meet Spike from Left Bank Books". Booksandwhatnot.com. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  12. ^ a b "Left Bank Book's Cat Given Top Honors". Fox 2. 31 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  13. ^ "10 Excellent Bookstore Cats". Mentalfloss.com. 7 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  14. ^ "The Michele Karlsberg Leadership Award". The Publishing Triangle. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  15. ^ "Awards: Publishing Triangle Winners; Donner Shortlist". Shelf Awareness. 2024-04-18. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
  16. ^ Deb Peterson, "With a wide smile and an easy laugh, Sen. Clinton makes a big impression," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (12 Aug. 2003).
  17. ^ Jane Henderson. "Next chapter After three decades of keeping ideals alive through a bookstore, Left Bank Books co-owner Barry Leibman decides to try something new". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Jan. 3 2010). Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  18. ^ Silva, Eddie. "Left Hooked". Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  19. ^ Robert Duffy, “An Infectious Joy and Wit,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch (7 Dec 1995); “Engelbreit Show,” The Paper 12/6(Dec 1981): 3.
  20. ^ "Mary Engelbreit's rarely seen early work is now on display". Ksdk.com. Archived from the original on 2023-02-16. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
  21. ^ Mom, Xena's (29 December 2015). "Librarian's Quest: Seasons Readings-A Trio Of Treats". Librarianquest.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  22. ^ "John Rozelle". Nnamdicontemporary.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  23. ^ "River City Readers Transports St. Louis Students". Publishersweekly.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  24. ^ "About Us – St. Louis Independent Bookstore Alliance". Stlindiebook.org. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  25. ^ "A Most Successful Year for Left Bank Books". Bookweb.org. 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  26. ^ Sydney Jarrard, "Left Bank Books Facilitates Community Dialogue with #FergusonReads," Bookselling this Week (17 Sept. 2014).
  27. ^ Mumford, Tracy. "The Black Lives Matter reading list: Books to change the world". Mprnews.org. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  28. ^ "St. Louis bookstore offers context for what's happening in Ferguson - All Digitocracy". Alldigitocracy.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  29. ^ Steele, Jarek (13 August 2015). "To the Angry Shopper Who Criticized Our Black Lives Matter Display". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  30. ^ Henderson, Jane. "Left Bank Books loses customer over Black Lives Matter signs". Stltoday.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  31. ^ "Mixed Messages Press". Facebook.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  32. ^ a b "CWE North Business Community Improvement District & Left Bank Books Foundation present BookFest St. Louis – Nicki's Central West End Guide". Nickiscentralwestendguide.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  33. ^ a b Semko, Elizabeth. "Left Bank Books to Launch 'BookFest St. Louis' This September". Riverfronttimes.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  34. ^ "Resolutions". Stlouis-mo.gov. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  35. ^ "Best of St. Louis 2017: This Is 40". Riverfronttimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  36. ^ Charles, Ron (3 March 2015). "What's the best bookstore in the country?". Washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  37. ^ "Left Bank Books shortlisted for Publishers Weekly Bookstore of the Year - Walrus Publishing, Inc". Walruspublishing.com. 26 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  38. ^ Liz Button, "A Most Successful year for Left Bank Books" Bookselling this Week (14 May 2015).
  39. ^ "The Best Bookstore in Every State". Realsimple.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  40. ^ Brooks, Katherine (28 April 2017). "50 Of The Best Indie Bookstores In America". Huff Post. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  41. ^ Ben Westhof, "St. Louis Serenade," RiverFront Times 33/6 (5–11 Feb 2009): 13–16.
  42. ^ Rice, Ronald (27 June 2017). My Bookstore. ISBN 9781579129101. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  43. ^ "dykestowatchoutfor.com » Blog Archive » Left Bank Books, St. Louis". Dykestowatchoutfor.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Left Bank Books.


38°38′55″N 90°15′40″W / 38.648588°N 90.260990°W / 38.648588; -90.260990

Read other articles:

Tembakan dini

Tembakan dini terjadi ketika selongsong habis segera setelah mencapai ruangan, alih-alih bertahan di dalam bilik untuk menerima dampak pin penembakan saat pelatuk ditarik. Tembakan dini adalah pelepasan senjata api yang terjadi saat selongsong peluru dimasukkan ke dalam bilik. Beberapa senjata api dirancang untuk menembak dini, tetapi istilah ini juga menggambarkan kegagalan fungsi senjata api yang dapat memuat sendiri . Penembak yang terbiasa dengan senjata api yang memerlukan aktivasi pelat...

 

 

Kota praja Villa Unión

Villa Unión adalah salah satu dari 38 kota praja di Coahuila, timur laut Meksiko. Kursi munisipalnya berada di Villa Unión. Kota praja tersebut memiliki luas 1540.3 km². Pada 2005, kota praja tersebut memiliki jumlah penduduk 6,138.[1] Referensi ^ Villa Unión. Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. Diakses tanggal November 9, 2008. [pranala nonaktif permanen] lbs Negara bagian CoahuilaSaltillo...

 

 

Grand Prix F1 Rusia 2015

Grand Prix Rusia 2015 Lomba ke-15 dari 19 dalam Formula Satu musim 2015← Lomba sebelumnyaLomba berikutnya → Tata Letak Sochi Autodrom.Detail perlombaanTanggal 11 Oktober 2015Nama resmi 2015 Formula 1 Russian Grand Prix[1]Lokasi Sochi Autodrom, Adlersky City District, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, RusiaSirkuit Sirkuit jalan raya sementaraPanjang sirkuit 5.848 km (3.634 mi)Jarak tempuh 53 putaran, 309.745 km (192.467 mi)Cuaca Sebagian berawan18 °C (64 °F) te...

Battle of Culiacán

2019 Mexican National Guard operation to capture Ovidio Guzmán López You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (March 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather t...

 

 

The Iron Claw (1941 serial)

1941 film by James W. Horne For other uses, see The Iron Claw (disambiguation). The Iron ClawTheatrical release posterDirected byJames W. HorneCarl Hiecke (asst.)Written byBasil DickeyGeorge H. PlymptonJesse DuffyCharles R. CondonJack StanleyArthur John Arbuthnott StringerProduced byLarry DarmourStarringCharles QuigleyJoyce BryantWalter SandeForrest TaylorCinematographyJames S. Brown Jr.Edited byDwight CaldwellEarl TurnerMusic byLee ZahlerDistributed byColumbia PicturesRelease date August...

 

 

Blazar

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Bazar ou Bazaar. L'objet BL Lacertae : 0323+022 (z=0,147) vue prise par ESO NTT (filtre R). La galaxie hôte et les compagnons proches sont visibles. En astronomie, un blazar (en anglais : blazing quasi-stellar radiosource, que l'on peut traduire par « source radio éclatante quasi stellaire ») est un quasar très compact associé à un trou noir supermassif situé au centre d'un noyau actif de galaxie, très éloigné de nous. Les blazar...

Flag of Kenya

National flag Republic of KenyaUseNational flag, civil and state ensign Proportion2:3Adopted12 December 1963; 60 years ago (1963-12-12)DesignA horizontal tricolour of black, white-edged red, and green with two crossed white spears behind a red, white, and black Maasai shield Kenyan flag at Lodwar Airport Kenyan flags at the Kenyatta Mausoleum The flag of Kenya (Swahili: Bendera ya Kenya) is a tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with a red, white ...

 

 

Rhys Lenarduzzi

Italy international rugby league & rugby union footballer Rhys LenarduzziPersonal informationBorn (1990-08-03) 3 August 1990 (age 33)Bowral, New South Wales, AustraliaHeight5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)Weight13 st 9 lb (87 kg)Playing informationRugby leaguePositionHalfback, Five-eighth[1] Club Years Team Pld T G FG P Lézignan Sangliers Representative Years Team Pld T G FG P 2010–11 Italy 4 3 0 0 12 Rugby unionPositionInside Centre Club Years Team Pl...

 

 

Prussian Confederation

Organization of Prussian nobles in opposition to the Teutonic Order (1440-66) For the confederation in the Northern Germany centred around Prussia, see North German Confederation. Prussian Confederation offered to incorporate Prussia into the Kingdom of Poland, 1454, Polish Central Archives of Historical Records The Prussian Confederation (German: Preußischer Bund, Polish: Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Kwidzyn (then officially Marienwerder) by a group of ...

Золотое кольцо России

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Золотое кольцо. Ярославль Сергиев Посад Переславль-Залесский Ростов Кострома Иваново Суздаль ВладимирОсновные города Золотого кольца Золото́е кольцо́ Росси́и — туристский маршрут, проходящий по древним городам Севе...

 

 

1922–23 NHL season

Professional ice hockey league season Sports season1922–23 NHL seasonLeagueNational Hockey LeagueSportIce hockeyDurationDecember 16, 1922 – March 9, 1923Number of games24Number of teams4Regular seasonSeason championsOttawa SenatorsTop scorerBabe Dye (St. Patricks)O'Brien CupChampionsOttawa Senators  Runners-upMontreal CanadiensNHL seasons← 1921–221923–24 →The 1922–23 NHL season was the sixth season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Four teams played 24 gam...

 

 

Tyburn

Former manor in Middlesex, England For other uses, see Tyburn (disambiguation). Map of Tyburn gallows and immediate surroundings, from John Rocque's map of London, Westminster and Southwark (1746) Tyburn was a manor (estate) in the county of Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone. Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne.[a] The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'.[1] The parish, and...

Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)

European pay television channel This article is about the European channel. For the US channel, see Investigation Discovery. Television channel Investigation DiscoveryCountryUnited KingdomBroadcast areaEuropeMiddle EastAfricaNetworkWarner Bros. Discovery EMEAHeadquartersAmsterdam, NetherlandsProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishDubbed:BulgarianCzechDutchFrenchHungarianItalianPolishPortugueseRomanianRussianSwedishTurkishPicture format1080i HDTV(downscaled to 16:9 576i for the SDTV feed)Timeshift servi...

 

 

Lagrange's theorem (group theory)

The order of a subgroup of a finite group G divides the order of G For other uses, see Lagrange's theorem (disambiguation). Algebraic structure → Group theoryGroup theory Basic notions Subgroup Normal subgroup Quotient group (Semi-)direct product Group homomorphisms kernel image direct sum wreath product simple finite infinite continuous multiplicative additive cyclic abelian dihedral nilpotent solvable action Glossary of group theory List of group theory topics Finite groups Cyclic group Z...

 

 

Indian black-lored tit

Species of bird Indian black-lored tit An Indian black-lored tit from Idukki, Kerala in India. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae Genus: Machlolophus Species: M. aplonotus Binomial name Machlolophus aplonotus(Blyth, 1847) Synonyms Parus aplonotus The Indian black-lored tit, Indian tit, or Indian yellow tit (Grimmett et al., 2011) (Machlolophus aplonotus) is a passerine bird in the tit family Pari...

BJ's Wholesale Club

American membership-only warehouse club chain BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings, Inc.Company typePublicTraded asNYSE: BJS&P 400 componentRussell 1000 componentIndustryRetailing (Warehouse club)FoundedFebruary 6, 1984; 40 years ago (1984-02-06)Headquarters350 Campus Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts, United StatesNumber of locations229 (150 gas stations) as of March 22, 2021Area servedEastern United StatesMichiganOhioIndianaAlabamaKey peopleBob Eddy (CEO)[1]Produc...

 

 

South Island surface volcanism

Volcanic deposits of South Island, New Zealand South Island Surface Volcanic DepositsStratigraphic range: Miocene, ~100–5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N TypeIgneousOverliesMurihiku Terrane, Caples Terrane, Torlesse and Waipapa Composite Terranes Greywacke, Haast SchistLithologyPrimaryBasalt, trachyte, phonolite, olivine , andesite and rhyoliteLocationCoordinates44°S 171°E / 44°S 171°E / -44; 171RegionSouth IslandCountryNew ZealandMap of selected surface...

 

 

Karbon

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Periode Karbon der Erdgeschichte; zu weiteren Bedeutungen siehe Karbon (Begriffsklärung). KarbonSystem des Phanerozoikums Ära Paläozoikum System davor Devon Beginn 358,9 mya Ende 298,9 mya System danach Perm Mittlerer atmo­sphä­ri­scher O2-Anteil 32,5 Vol.-%[1](163 % von heute) Mittlerer atmo­sphä­ri­scher CO2-Anteil 800 ppm[2](Das 2-fache von heute) Mittlere Bodentem­peratur 14 °C[3 ...

Michigan Sports Network

Collegiate sports radio network This article is about the Michigan Wolverines sports radio network. For the public radio network in Michigan, see Michigan Radio. For former commercial radio network in Michigan, see Michigan Radio Network. Michigan Wolverines Sports Network  TypeRadio networkCountryUnited StatesHeadquartersAnn Arbor, MichiganBroadcast areaMichiganOhio (limited)OwnerLearfield IMG CollegeAffiliation(s)Michigan WolverinesCBS RadioAffiliates46 (including 1 flagship)Offic...

 

 

Huguenot cross

Christian religious symbol The Huguenot cross The Huguenot cross is a Christian religious symbol originating in France and is one of the more recognizable and popular symbols of the French evangelical reformed faith. It is commonly found today as a piece of jewellery (often in gold or silver) or engraved on buildings connected with the Reformed Church in France, of which it represents the official logo. It is sometimes asserted that the cross appeared for the first time during the Huguenot Wa...