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Lebu
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	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	█ Precipitation totals in mm
	Source: Weather 2 and World Weather Online average
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Lebu
Lebu
City and Commune
	Panoramical view of Lebu
	; Coat of arms Location of the Lebu commune in Bío Bío Region Lebu Location in Chile
	Coordinates (city): 37°36′S 73°40′W / 37.600°S 73.667°W
Country	Chile
Region	Bío Bío
Province	Arauco
Founded	8 October 1862
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Alcalde	Cristián Abel Peña Morales (Ind.)
Area
• Total	561.4 km2 (216.8 sq mi)
Elevation	74 m (243 ft)
Population (2012 Census)
• Total	23,722
• Density	42/km2 (110/sq mi)
• Urban	21,991
• Rural	3,044
Demonym	Lebulense
Sex
• Men	12,416
• Women	12,619
Time zone	UTC−4 (CLT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−3 (CLST)
Area code	56 + 41
Climate	Csb
Website	lebu.cl (in Spanish)

Lebu is a port city and commune in central Chile administered by the Municipality of Lebu. Lebu is also the capital of Arauco Province in Bío Bío Region. It lies on the south bank of the mouth of the Lebu River.

The commune includes Mocha Island.

History

Lebu was first settled a little up the Lebu River from the site of the current city at Fort Santa Margarita built by García Hurtado de Mendoza at the beginning of 1557 on the north bank of the Lebu River by the salto de Gualgalén, to the west of the ford of Cupaño.^[4] In 1566 Governor Rodrigo de Quiroga built a fort almost in the same place as the present city of Lebu under the command of captain Agustín de Ahumada. Besieged here by the Mapuche it was finally abandoned in 1569.

Fort Santa Margarita was destroyed in 1599, in 1603 it was rebuilt as Fort Santa Margarita de Austria by the Governor Alonso de Ribera.^[5]

In the 20th century the town developed as coal mining centre. The 1960 Valdivia earthquake destroyed numerous houses in the town.^[6]

Culture

Every summer, since 2001, the Lebu International Film Festival is held inside the cave.^[7]

The commune has three museums: The Lebu Mining Museum, which stores pieces related to the history of coal mining in the area; the Tamaya Museum, inaugurated in 1998, oriented to the natural history of the commune and the province, and the Ethnographic and Historical Archaeological Museum of Punta Morhuilla.^[8]

In addition, annually, the Gonzalo Rojas Pizarro Literary Contest^[9] is held, international literary contest that is organized by Club de amigos de la Biblioteca Municipal de Lebu, Samuel Lillo Figueroa, and sponsored by the Regional Government of the Region of Biobío, the Municipality of Lebu and Impresos Lebu.^[10] Among its winners are named writers such as Alejandro Pla (Spain), José Baroja (Chile),^[11] Daniel Matul (Guatemala),^[12] Boris Rozas (Argentina), among others.

The foregoing led to the appearance of two literary-artistic magazines: Chonchón 32^[13] and Sudras y Parias. Likewise, during the years 2018 and 2019, the realization of the I and II Latin American Meeting of poets and narrators in Lebu, events which were attended by authors from the Province of Arauco and from Mexico, El Salvador and Spain, among others.

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as warm-summer Mediterranean (Csb).

Demographics

As a commune, Lebu is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Carlos González Anjari (PS).[1][2] Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Lebu is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Manuel Monsalve (PS) and Iván Norambuena (UDI) as part of the 46th electoral district, (together with Lota, Arauco, Curanilahue, Los Álamos, Cañete, Contulmo and Tirúa). The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz -Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

Administration

As a commune, Lebu is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Carlos González Anjari (PS).^[1]^[2]

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Lebu is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Manuel Monsalve (PS) and Iván Norambuena (UDI) as part of the 46th electoral district, together with Lota, Arauco, Curanilahue, Los Álamos, Cañete, Contulmo and Tirúa. The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

References

^ ^a ^b "Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Municipality of Lebu" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "National Statistics Institute" (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 February 2010.
^ Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos (1899). "Santa Margarita". Geographical Dictionary of the Republic of Chile (in Spanish). New York City: D. Appleton & Company. p. 744. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
^ FUERTE SANTA MARGARITA DE AUSTRIA
^ Davis, Eliodoro Martín (1990). "Breves recuerdos de algunas actividades mineras del carbón". Actas. Segundo Simposio sobre el Terciario de Chile (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Departamento de Geociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepción. pp. 189–203.
^ "Festival Internacional de Cine de Lebu – Festival Internacional de Cine de Lebu" (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Lebu". Registro de Museos de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Concurso literario "Gonzalo Rojas" rompió record. [artículo]". BND: Archivo de referencias críticas. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Continúa convocatoria al Concurso Literario Gonzalo Rojas 2015 – Bajo Palabra" (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ Alabarce, Jaime Magnan (5 April 2017). "CONCURSO LITERARIO GONZALO ROJAS PIZARRO: FALLO CATEGORÍA CUENTO". CONCURSO LITERARIO GONZALO ROJAS PIZARRO. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "2018 – Resultados concursos literarios". www.escritores.org (in European Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Fanzine Chonchón n°55". Cultura | Fundación Neruda (in Spanish). 25 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Climate History for Lebu". Weather 2. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
^ "Lebu, Chile Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 3 August 2013.