Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)

Leader of the Opposition
Irish: Ceannaire an Fhreasúra
since 27 June 2020
Term lengthWhile leader of the largest political party in the Dáil that is not in government
Inaugural holderThomas Johnson
Formation6 December 1922

The Leader of the Opposition (Irish: Ceannaire an Fhreasúra) in Ireland is a de facto term sometimes used to describe the politician who leads the largest party in the parliamentary opposition in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament). In the Dáil, the leader of the opposition sits on the right-hand side of the Ceann Comhairle and directly opposite the Taoiseach. The role is not an official one and is not recognised in the Irish constitution, nor in legislation.

The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Dáil that is not in government. Opposition leaders leading a political party with five members or more have full speaking rights under Dáil standing orders; smaller parties and independent politicians are allowed to speak less often.

Historically the two largest parties have nearly always been Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and so the position of Leader of the Opposition has alternated between them. However, immediately following Irish independence from the UK in 1922, the leader of the Labour Party acted as Leader of the Opposition as Sinn Féin, and later Fianna Fáil, refused to take their seats in Dáil Éireann. After the 2011 general election Fine Gael became the largest party in Dáil Éireann and the Labour Party for the first time became the second largest. However, since Labour and Fine Gael entered a coalition government, the third largest party, Fianna Fáil, led the opposition in the 31st Dáil.

To date there have been 18 Opposition Leaders, 10 of whom have served terms as Taoiseach. The Leader of the Opposition as of 2024 is Mary Lou McDonald of Sinn Féin, following the formation of a government of Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party on 27 June 2020. She is the first female Irish Opposition Leader and the second to come from a party other than Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael, following Labour Party's Thomas Johnson in 1927.

Leaders of the Opposition

  • Leaders who later became Taoiseach are indicated in bold.
Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Constituency Term of office Party Taoiseach[nb 1]
From To
Éamon de Valera
(1882–1975) [1][2] 		Clare 9 January 1922 [2] 8 June 1922 [3] Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Arthur Griffith
(1922) [4]
Thomas Johnson
(1872–1963) [1][5] 		Dublin County 9 September 1922 [6] 11 August 1927 [7] Labour Party W. T. Cosgrave
(1922–1932) [8][9]
Éamon de Valera
(1882–1975) [1][7] 		Clare 11 August 1927 [7] 9 March 1932 [10] Fianna Fáil
W. T. Cosgrave
(1880–1965) [1][11] 		Cork Borough 9 March 1932 [12] January 1944 [12][13] Cumann na nGaedheal Éamon de Valera
(1932–1948) [9][10][14]
Fine Gael
Thomas F. O'Higgins
(1890–1953) [1] 		Leix–Offaly January 1944 9 June 1944
Richard Mulcahy
(1886–1971) [1][15] 		Tipperary 9 June 1944 18 February 1948
Éamon de Valera
(1882–1975) [1][14] 		Clare 18 February 1948 [14] 13 June 1951 [16] Fianna Fáil John A. Costello
(1948–1951) [9][17]
John A. Costello
(1891–1976) [1] 		Dublin South-East 13 June 1951 2 June 1954 Fine Gael Éamon de Valera
(1951–1954) [9][16][18]
Éamon de Valera
(1882–1975) [1][18] 		Clare 2 June 1954 [18] 20 March 1957 [19] Fianna Fáil John A. Costello
(1954–1957) [9][17]
John A. Costello
(1891–1976) [1] 		Dublin South-East 20 March 1957 21 October 1959 Fine Gael Éamon de Valera
(1957–1959) [9][19][20]
Seán Lemass
(1959–1966) [9][20]
James Dillon
(1902–1986) [1] 		Monaghan 21 October 1959 21 April 1965
Liam Cosgrave
(1920–2017) [1][21] 		Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown 21 April 1965 [21] 14 March 1973 [22]
Jack Lynch
(1966–1973) [9] [23]
Jack Lynch
(1917–1999) [1][23] 		Cork City North-West 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 Fianna Fáil Liam Cosgrave
(1973–1977) [9][22]
Garret FitzGerald
(1926–2011) [1][24] 		Dublin South-East 5 July 1977 30 June 1981 Fine Gael Jack Lynch
(1977–1979) [9] [23]
Charles Haughey
(1979–1981) [9]
Charles Haughey
(1925–2006) [1] 		Dublin North-Central 30 June 1981 9 March 1982 Fianna Fáil Garret FitzGerald
(1981–1982) [9] [25]
Garret FitzGerald
(1926–2011) [1] 		Dublin South-East 9 March 1982 14 December 1982 Fine Gael Charles Haughey
(1982) [9][26]
Charles Haughey
(1925–2006) [1] 		Dublin North-Central 14 December 1982 10 March 1987 [27] Fianna Fáil Garret FitzGerald
(1982–1987) [9] [25]
Alan Dukes
(born 1945) [1] 		Kildare 10 March 1987 20 November 1990 Fine Gael Charles Haughey
(1987–1992) [9][27]
John Bruton
(1947–2024) [1] 		Meath 20 November 1990 15 December 1994
Albert Reynolds
(1992–1994) [9][28]
Bertie Ahern
(born 1951) [1] 		Dublin Central 15 December 1994 26 June 1997 [29] Fianna Fáil John Bruton
(1994–1997) [9][28]
John Bruton
(1947–2024) [1][30] 		Meath 26 June 1997 [30] 9 February 2001 [30][31] Fine Gael Bertie Ahern
(1997–2008) [9][29]
Michael Noonan
(born 1943) [1][32] 		Limerick East 9 February 2001 [31] 6 June 2002 [31]
Enda Kenny
(born 1951) [1][33] 		Mayo 6 June 2002 9 March 2011 [34]
Brian Cowen
(2008–2011) [9][35]
Micheál Martin
(born 1960) [1][36] 		Cork South-Central 9 March 2011 [36] 27 June 2020 [37] Fianna Fáil Enda Kenny
(2011–2017) [9][34]
Leo Varadkar
(2017–2020) [9][38]
Mary Lou McDonald
(born 1969) [1][39] 		Dublin Central 27 June 2020 [40] Incumbent Sinn Féin Micheál Martin
(2020–2022) [9][37]
Leo Varadkar
(2022–2024)[41]
Simon Harris
(2024–present)

Leaders of the second largest party in opposition

  • Leaders who later became Tánaiste are indicated in italics.
Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Constituency Term of office Party Leader of the Opposition
From To
Denis Gorey
(1874–1940) 		Carlow–Kilkenny 9 September 1922 May 1927 Farmers' Party Thomas Johnson
(1922–1927) [5]
Michael Heffernan
(1885–1970) 		Tipperary May 1927 11 August 1927
Thomas Johnson
(1872–1963) 		Dublin County 11 August 1927 11 October 1927 Labour Party Éamon de Valera
(1927–1932) [7]
Thomas J. O'Connell
(1882–1969) 		Mayo South 11 October 1927 9 March 1932
William Norton
(1900–1963) 		Kildare 9 March 1932 8 February 1933 W. T. Cosgrave
(1932–1944) [11]
Frank MacDermot
(1886–1975) 		Roscommon 8 February 1933 8 September 1933 National Centre Party
William Norton
(1900–1963) 		Kildare (1932–1937)
Carlow–Kildare (1937–1948) 		8 September 1933 7 January 1945 Labour Party
Thomas F. O'Higgins
(1944)
Richard Mulcahy
(1944–1948) [15]
Joseph Blowick
(1903–1970) 		Mayo South 7 January 1945 18 February 1948 Clann na Talmhan
None 18 February 1948 13 June 1951 Éamon de Valera
(1948–1951) [14]
William Norton
(1900–1963) [42] 		Kildare 13 June 1951 2 June 1954 Labour Party John A. Costello
(1951–1954)
Seán MacBride
(1904–1988) 		Dublin South-West 2 June 1954 20 March 1957 Clann na Poblachta Éamon de Valera
(1954–1957) [18]
William Norton
(1900–1963) 		Kildare 20 March 1957 2 March 1960 Labour Party John A. Costello
(1957–1959)
James Dillon
(1959–1965)
Brendan Corish
(1918–1990) 		Wexford 2 March 1960 14 March 1973
Liam Cosgrave
(1965–1973) [21]
None 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 Jack Lynch
(1973–1977) [23]
Frank Cluskey
(1930–1989) 		Dublin South-Central 5 July 1977 12 June 1981 Labour Party Garret FitzGerald
(1977–1981) [24]
None 12 June 1981 17 June 1981
Michael O'Leary
(1936–2006) 		Dublin North-Central 17 June 1981 30 June 1981 Labour Party
Joe Sherlock
(1930–2007) 		Cork East 30 June 1981 9 March 1982 Sinn Féin the Workers Party Charles Haughey
(1981–1982)
Michael O'Leary
(1936–2006) 		Dublin Central 9 March 1982 1 November 1982 Labour Party Garret FitzGerald
(1982)
Dick Spring
(born 1950) 		Kerry North 1 November 1982 14 December 1982
Tomás Mac Giolla
(1924–2010) 		Dublin West 14 December 1982 21 December 1985 Workers' Party Charles Haughey
(1982–1987)
Desmond O'Malley
(1939–2021) 		Limerick East 21 December 1985 29 June 1989 Progressive Democrats
Alan Dukes
(1987–1990)
Dick Spring
(born 1950) 		Kerry North 29 June 1989 14 December 1992 Labour Party
John Bruton
(1990–1994)
Desmond O'Malley
(1939–2021) 		Limerick East 14 December 1992 12 October 1993 Progressive Democrats
Mary Harney
(born 1953) 		Dublin South-West 12 October 1993 18 November 1994
Dick Spring
(born 1950) 		Kerry North 18 November 1994 15 December 1994 Labour Party
Mary Harney
(born 1953) 		Dublin South-West 15 December 1994 26 June 1997 Progressive Democrats Bertie Ahern
(1994–1997)
Dick Spring
(born 1950) 		Kerry North 26 June 1997 13 November 1997 Labour Party John Bruton
(1997–2001) [30]
Ruairi Quinn
(born 1946) 		Dublin South-East 13 November 1997 25 October 2002
Michael Noonan
(2001–2002) [32]
Enda Kenny
(2002–2011) [33]
Pat Rabbitte
(born 1949) 		Dublin South-West 25 October 2002 6 September 2007
Eamon Gilmore
(born 1955) 		Dún Laoghaire 6 September 2007 9 March 2011
Gerry Adams
(born 1948) 		Louth 9 March 2011 10 February 2018 Sinn Féin Micheál Martin
(2011–2020) [36]
Mary Lou McDonald
(born 1969) 		Dublin Central 10 February 2018 27 June 2020
Alan Kelly
(born 1975) 		Tipperary 27 June 2020 24 March 2022 Labour Party Mary Lou McDonald
(2020–present) [39]
Ivana Bacik
(born 1968) 		Dublin Bay South 24 March 2022 Incumbent

See also

Notes

  1. ^ President of Dáil Éireann to 6 December 1922. President of the Executive Council to 29 December 1937.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "From leader of opposition to Taoiseach". Eolas Magazine. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2024. To date, of the 18 leaders of the opposition, 10 have gone on to lead a subsequent government as taoisigh. Namely, they are: Éamon de Valera; John A. Costello; Liam Cosgrave; Jack Lynch; Garret FitzGerald; Charles Haughey; John Bruton; Bertie Ahern; Enda Kenny; and Micheál Martin. Opposition leaders that failed to ascend to the office of Taoiseach include Thomas Johnson; W.T. Cosgrave; Thomas F. O'Higgins; Richard Mulcahy; James Dillon; Alan Dukes; and Michael Noonan. It remains to be seen whether the current and first ever female leader of the opposition, Mary Lou McDonald TD, will lead a future government.
  2. ^ a b EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 214. 9 January: resigns as President of Dáil Éireann but stands for re-election. 10 January: defeated in vote for Presidency by 60 votes to 58. He and all antiTreaty deputies walk out. Arthur Griffith elected President. Dáil adjourned to 11 February
  3. ^ "Introducing Ireland 1922: Independence, Partition, Civil War | Century Ireland". www.rte.ie. Retrieved 25 March 2024. Following weeks of intensive debate in Dáil Éireann, tensions over the Treaty (which also reflected broader divisions within the republican movement) were brought to breaking point on 7 January 1922 when the agreement was passed by sixty-four votes to fifty-seven. Under the terms of the Treaty, Michael Collins became chairman of the Provisional Government; the Irish Free State would not take legal effect until 6 December 1922. ... In May, Collins and de Valera agreed a pact to allow pro- and anti-Treaty Sinn Féin candidates to stand on a coalition ticket for the June 1922 general election. Anti-Treaty republicans were placated further with the promise of a 'republican' constitution. The final draft of the constitution, published on the morning of 16 June ('election day') following close inspection from the British government, adhered more closely to the terms of the Treaty than hoped. At the polls, pro-Treaty Sinn Féin secured 38% of the vote (58 seats) while anti-Treaty Sinn Féin secured 21% (36 seats). Contesting a general election for the first time, the Labour party secured an impressive 21% of the poll. Disillusioned by the failure to secure a republican constitution, and unwilling to swear the 'oath of allegiance', anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TDs refused to enter the Irish Free State parliament.
  4. ^ "Arthur Griffith President of Dáil Éireann". RTÉ Archives. Retrieved 25 March 2024. On 10 January 1922 Arthur Griffith (1871-1922) became President of Dáil Éireann replacing Éamon de Valera who had resigned the previous day. Griffith remained as President until his untimely death in August 1922 when he was replaced by W.T. Cosgrave.
  5. ^ a b Mitchell, Arthur (1969). "Thomas Johnson, 1872-1963, a Pioneer Labour Leader". An Irish Quarterly Review. 58 (232). Messenger Publications: 396–404. JSTOR 30087891. In 1922 Johnson became the first leader of the opposition in the Free State
  6. ^ Farrell, Mel (2017). Party Politics in a New Democracy: The Irish Free State, 1922-37. Springer. p. 80. ISBN 9783319635859. Tom Johnson led the parliamentary opposition. During the first meeting of the third Dáil on 9 September, Labor promised to support Cosgrave in defending the Treaty settlement and the new state.
  7. ^ a b c d EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 28. 12 August: following the assassination of Vice-President of the Executive Council, Minister for External Affairs and Minister for Justice Kevin O'Higgins, and the introduction of a Bill requiring candidates in future Dáil elections to bind themselves in advance to take the admission oath prescribed by the Constitution, the Fianna Fáil deputies enter Dáil Éireann stating they regard the Oath of Allegiance as an empty political formula. De Valera becomes leader of the Opposition in the Dáil
  8. ^ Moore, Hayden (23 May 2019). "Rewind - Former Taoiseach WT Cosgrave". Echo.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2024. W.T. was to steer the country through the Civil-War – which the Pro-Treaty side won – and his Cumann na nGaedheal party was to remain in power until it lost the 1932 election to the Fianna Fail party which was formed six years earlier.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Former Taoisigh". Government of Ireland. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  10. ^ a b EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 28. 9 March: following the general election in which Fianna Fáil secures 72 seats out of a total of 153, de Valera becomes President of the Executive Council with the support of Labour (7 seats); also acts as Minister for External Affairs
  11. ^ a b O'Halpin, Eunan. Cosgrave, William Thomas (PDF). Leader of the opposition 1932–44 Courteous as ever, in the aftermath of the traumatic election defeat he wrote to the celebrated rugby player Eugene Davy (qv), who had been persuaded to run as a Cumann na nGaedheal candidate in Dublin: 'I much regret that my anticipations were not realised – but I would like to assure you that I was firmly convinced you would win. Even now it appears that with a little more time better results would have been obtained' (Cosgrave to Eugene Davy, 24 Feb. 1932, letter in possession of the Davy family).
  12. ^ a b W.T. COSGRAVE PAPERS P285 (PDF). University College Dublin. 2015. p. 5. The general election of 1932 led to Fianna Fáil forming a minority government, their election results buoyed by their offering the electorate a manifesto based on social reform. Cosgrave led Cumann na nGaedheal in opposition, becoming the first leader of the new Fine Gael party when his party combined with the National Centre Party and the National Guard in 1933. He served as leader until 1944, when he retired
  13. ^ Moore, Hayden (23 May 2019). "Rewind - Former Taoiseach WT Cosgrave". Echo.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Cosgrave was to remain as the leader of the opposition until he resigned from Dáil Eireann in January 1944.
  14. ^ a b c d EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 37. 18 February: Fianna Fáil Government replaced by a coalition Government led by John A. Costello, S.C., having secured only 68 seats out of a total of 147 in the General Election. De Valera becomes leader of the Opposition
  15. ^ a b "Author Search Results". catalogue.nli.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Richard James Mulcahy (10 May 1886 – 16 December 1971) was an Irish Fine Gael politician and army general who served as Minister for Education from 1948 to 1951 and 1954 to 1957, Minister for the Gaeltacht from June 1956 to October 1956, Leader of the Opposition from 1944 to 1948, Leader of Fine Gael from 1944 to 1959, Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1927 to 1932 and Minister for Defence from January to April 1919 and 1922 to 1924. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1938 and from 1943 to 1961 and a Senator from March 1938 to June 1938 and 1943 to 1944.
  16. ^ a b EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. 13 June: returned to office as Taoiseach, with 69 Dáil members out of 147 and the support of some independent deputies, following a General Election occasioned by the dispute in the inter-party Government concerning the mother and child health scheme
  17. ^ a b "John A Costello". RTE Radio. 8 February 1976. Retrieved 25 March 2024. The life and times of John A Costello of Fine Gael - Taoiseach from 1948-51 and 1954-57, Attorney General of Ireland from 1926-32, legal advisor to the government after independence ('22) and a successful barrister (Broadcast 1976)
  18. ^ a b c d EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 38. 1954 2 June: following a General Election (in which Fianna Fáil secured 65 out of 147 seats), John A. Costello forms his second inter-party Government. De Valera again leader of the Opposition
  19. ^ a b EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 38. 1957 20 March: Fianna Fáil having secured 78 seats out of 147, de Valera begins his last term of office as Taoiseach
  20. ^ a b EAMON DE VALERA PAPERS P150 (PDF). School of History and Archives. University College Dublin. 2005. p. 39. 23 June: resigns from office as Taoiseach and is succeeded by Seán Lemass
  21. ^ a b c Mark (30 May 2019). "Rewind - Liam Cosgrave". Echo.ie. Retrieved 25 March 2024. When the second Inter-Party election was formed in 1954, Cosgrave was appointed to the key and crucial Minister of External Affairs position in cabinet (now known as the Minister for Foreign Affairs), and he was to lead Ireland's first ever delegation to the United Nations. In 1965 Fine Gael were now in opposition and many members and TD's deemed change at the top to be badly needed, and the former army captain was elected as the new leader of the opposition.
  22. ^ a b "RTÉ Archives | Liam Cosgrave". www.rte.ie. Retrieved 25 March 2024. William Michael (Liam) Cosgrave (1920-2017) was leader of the Fine Gael Party from 1965 to 1977. He served as Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977. He was a TD from 1943 to 1981.
  23. ^ a b c d "Minister: Jack Lynch". Irish State Administration Database. Retrieved 24 March 2024. John Mary Lynch (15 August 1917 – 20 October 1999) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1966 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1966 to 1979, Leader of the Opposition from 1973 to 1977, Minister for Finance from 1965 to 1966, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1959 to 1965, Minister for Education 1957 to 1959, Minister for the Gaeltacht from March 1957 to June 1957, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Lands and Parliamentary Secretary to the Government from 1951 to 1954.
  24. ^ a b "Charles Haughey, 4 times Ireland's PM, dies". NBC News. 13 June 2006. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Garret FitzGerald, leader of the opposition Fine Gael party, in 1979 accused Haughey of "an overweening ambition ... a wish to dominate, even to own, the state."
  25. ^ a b "Garret FitzGerald | Royal Irish Academy". Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Garret FitzGerald served twice as Taoiseach of Ireland (July 1981 to February 1982; December 1982 to March 1987).
  26. ^ "GUBU: a Taoiseach, a murderer and a political scandal". RTÉ. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2024. O'Brien coined the acronym GUBU from the adjectives of Haughey's words 'grotesque, unbelievable, bizarre and unprecedented', said during a press conference in August 1982, in which the Taoiseach tried to explain why murder suspect Malcolm Macarthur was arrested in the apartment of the Irish Attorney general Patrick Connolly.
  27. ^ a b "MR HAUGHEY'S FINANCES JANUARY, 1987 – 8 JANUARY, 1991". Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into Payments to Politicians and Related Matters - Part I (PDF). Dublin: Government of Ireland. 2006. p. 169. ISBN 0-7557-7459-0. In January, 1987 Mr. Haughey was leader of the opposition. There was a General Election on 17th February, 1987 and the Fianna Fail Party won the Election and formed the new Government. Mr. Haughey was elected Taoiseach on 10th March, 1987 and he continued in office until 11th February, 1992 when he resigned as both Taoiseach and leader of the Fianna Fail Party. Mr. Haughey continued as a back bench TD until November, 1992.
  28. ^ a b Mervyn Taylor Papers (PDF). National Library of Ireland. 2009. p. 7. The 27th Dáil - After the 1992 General Election the Labour Party initially entered talks with Fine Gael and the Progressive Democrats to form a government. After the collapse of these talks, Fianna Fáil and Labour went on to form the 23rd Government of Ireland, (12 January 1993 – 15 December 1994), with Albert Reynolds taking the Office of Taoiseach. In 1994 Albert Reynolds appointed the Former Attorney General, Harry Whelehan SC as president of the High Court. The appointment of Whelehan was surrounded in controversy following his alleged mishandling of an RUC extradition request for Father Brendan Smyth over allegations of sexual abuse when he was Attorney General. This prompted Dick Spring, Labour Party leader and his ministers to withdraw from the Government. Reynolds retired as leader of Fianna Fáil and was succeeded by the then Minister for Finance, Bertie Ahern. Discussions to reform the coalition collapsed when it was discovered that Ahern had been more aware of aspects of the scandal than had previously been known. The 24th Government of Ireland (15 December 1994 – 26 June 1997) was formed by the 'Rainbow Alliance' of Fine Gael, Labour, and the Democratic Left. This was the first time that an Irish government had been formed without a general election. The Fianna Fáil/Labour programme for government remained substantially in place, with John Bruton, the Fine Gael leader becoming Taoiseach.
  29. ^ a b "Ireland past, present and future, with former Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern | St Catharine's College, Cambridge". www.caths.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2024. In November 1994 he was elected leader of his party Fianna Fáil and served as Leader of the Opposition from then until June 1997. He was first elected Taoiseach (Prime Minister) in June 1997, he was re-elected in June 2002 and again in May 2007.
  30. ^ a b c d McCullagh, David (6 February 2024). "John Bruton: An original thinker with strong opinions". RTÉ. Retrieved 24 March 2024. With the economy growing rapidly, and unemployment and government debt falling, the Rainbow faced the June 1997 election with some confidence. But Fine Gael seat gains couldn't make up for significant Labour losses, and John Bruton once again became leader of the opposition. Facing a popular government benefitting from an economic boom, Fine Gael lost ground in opinion polls, and once again turned on its leader. He survived a motion of no confidence in November 2000, but just two months later, another leadership challenge was mounted – this time successfully.
  31. ^ a b c O'Brien, Jason (18 June 2010). "The different shades of blue that led the way". Irish Independent. Retrieved 24 March 2024. A current TD, Noonan served as leader only from February 2001 to June 2002. Following some poor election results in the late 1990s, he tabled a motion of no confidence in Bruton and was successful in taking over as leader of the opposition. However, Fine Gael had a disastrous result at the 2002 General Election -- dropping from 54 to 31 seats -- and the Limerickman resigned as leader on the night of the results.
  32. ^ a b Fitzgerald, Aine. "Political 'legend' Michael Noonan honoured by Limerick County Council". www.limerickleader.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2024. He also was appointed leader of Fine Gael and leader of the Opposition in 2001.
  33. ^ a b "Enda an era - 100 days of the new Irish government". BBC News. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2024. As leader of the Opposition in the Irish parliament since 2002, he was the archetypal safe pair of hands. Competent, yes. Experienced, yes. Inspirational, no.
  34. ^ a b "Enda Kenny Elected Taoiseach". RTÉ Archives. Retrieved 24 March 2024. On 9 March 2011, Enda Kenny accepted his seal of office as Taoiseach at Áras an Uachtaráin from President Mary McAleese
  35. ^ "FF at 90: the party that shaped our past and covets the future". Irish Independent. 22 May 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Brian Cowen becomes Taoiseach in May 2008, coinciding with the economic and banking collapse.
  36. ^ a b c McCurry, Cate (26 June 2020). "Micheal Martin: Ex-teacher who became long-serving Fianna Fail leader". Belfast Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Fianna Fail leader Micheal Martin is a former teacher from Co Cork who has served as leader of the Opposition in Ireland since March 2011.
  37. ^ a b "Micheál Martin elected as Ireland's new prime minister". POLITICO. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  38. ^ "Leo Varadkar". www.gov.ie. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2024. First elected Taoiseach in June 2017, Mr Varadkar was a member of Fingal County Council (2003-2007) and elected to Dáil Éireann for the Dublin West constituency on his first attempt in 2007 and was re-elected to a fourth term in 2020.
  39. ^ a b Webber, Jude (9 March 2024). "Irish voters reject constitutional referendums on women and the family". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 March 2024. The government "didn't convince", said Mary Lou McDonald, leader of opposition party Sinn Féin that opinion polls show is the most popular in Ireland and which backed a "yes/yes" vote.
  40. ^ O'Halloran, Marie (27 June 2020). "Micheál Martin to prioritise fight against Covid-19 as leaders react". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2024. In her address as leader of the opposition, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald criticised Fianna Fail and Fine Gael and claimed they were colluding to deny Sinn Féin a place in government and frustrating the will of the people.
  41. ^ Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack (17 December 2022). "As it happened: Leo Varadkar becomes Taoiseach and announces new Cabinet". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2024. Leo Varadkar will be elected Taoiseach for the second time today, as the three-party Coalition Government moves into its second and final phase, accompanied by what is expected to be a minimal reshuffling of Cabinet positions.
  42. ^ "Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Party Leaders' Remuneration – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil) – Thursday, 8 Nov 1951 – Houses of the Oireachtas". www.oireachtas.ie. 8 November 1951. Retrieved 25 March 2024. Mr. S. Brady: "Is the Minister aware that, when this Bill was under discussion, Deputy Norton said that, under no consideration, would he ever touch a penny of this money?" ... Mr. MacEntee: "I think all that requires an answer. Deputy Brady did not sling any mud. He simply drew attention to the fact that a person applied and, in my view, quite rightly applied for this allowance as leader of the second largest Party in Opposition in this House. This person made a statement which, on mature consideration, he found to be unwise and, indeed, a statement which was contrary to the public interest."

Read other articles:

Günter Schabowski

Günter SchabowskiSchabowski pada 1982 (usia 53) Informasi pribadiLahir(1929-01-04)4 Januari 1929Anklam, Pomerania, Prusia, JermanMeninggal1 November 2015(2015-11-01) (umur 86)Berlin, JermanPartai politikPartai Persatuan Sosialis JermanSuami/istriIrina[1]Anak2[1]ProfesiPolitikus dan JurnalisTanda tanganSunting kotak info • L • B Günter Schabowski (4 Januari 1929 – 1 November 2015) adalah seorang pejabat Partai Persatuan Sosialis Jerman (SED)...

 

羅生門 (電影)

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2018年3月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：羅生門 (電影) — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 �...

 

وزارة جمال عبد الناصر الأولى

وزارة جمال عبد الناصر الأولىمعلومات عامةالبلد مصر الاختصاص مصر قائد الدولة جمال عبد الناصر رئيس الحكومة جمال عبد الناصر (1954 – ) التكوين 25 فبراير 1954 النهاية مارس 1954 المدة 9 أيامٍوزارة محمد نجيب الثانية وزارة محمد نجيب الثالثة تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات وزار...

Oregon Spectator

Newspaper in Oregon City (1846–1855) The Oregon SpectatorThe April 30, 1846 front page ofThe Oregon SpectatorTypeBiweekly newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)Oregon Printing AssociationEditorWilliam G. T'Vaultand othersFounded1846Ceased publication1855HeadquartersOregon City, Oregon Territory, USA The Oregon Spectator, was a newspaper published from 1846 to 1855 in Oregon City of what was first the Oregon Country and later the Oregon Territory of the United States. The Spectator was the first Ame...

 

Sfenj

Maghrebi fried doughnut rings SfenjAlternative namesBambalouni, khfaf, sfinzTypeDoughnutPlace of originMaghrebMain ingredientsFlour, water, sugar, yeast and saltFood energy(per serving)137 kcal (574 kJ)[1]Nutritional value(per serving)Protein2 gFat8 gCarbohydrate14 g  Media: Sfenj Sfenj (from the Arabic word Arabic: سفنج, romanized: Safanj, meaning sponge) is a Maghrebi doughnut: a light, spongy ring of dough fried in oil. Sfenj is eaten plai...

 

Indonesian Television Awards 2020

Indonesian Television Awards 2020Logo Indonesian Television AwardsTanggal25 September 2020 (2020-09-25)LokasiStudio RCTI+Jakarta BaratNegara IndonesiaPembawa acaraRaffi AhmadAyu DewiAndre TaulanyPenampilanPUBLICSuperMChoi SiwonAgnez MoRhoma IramaLyodra GintingTiara AndiniZiva MagnolyaBetrand Peto Putra OnsuSitus webwww.indonesiantvawards.comSiaran televisi/radioSaluranRCTIMNCTV← 2019 Indonesian Television Awards2021 → Indonesian Television Awards 2020 adalah penghargaan ...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

Eric Fischl

American painter and sculptor Eric FischlFischl, 2008Born (1948-03-09) March 9, 1948 (age 76)New York City, USAlma materCalifornia Institute of the ArtsKnown forPainting, Sculpture, printmakingMovementRealism, Neo-expressionismSpouseApril Gornik Eric Fischl (born March 9, 1948) is an American painter, sculptor, printmaker, draughtsman and educator.[1] He is known for his paintings depicting American suburbia from the 1970s and 1980s.[2][3] Life Fischl wa...

 

SMK Negeri 5 Pekanbaru

artikel ini tidak memiliki pranala ke artikel lain. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Bantu kami untuk mengembangkannya dengan memberikan pranala ke artikel lain secukupnya. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) SMK N 5 PekanbaruData SekolahKepala SekolahBINTANG KOBOYSitus Webwww.smkn5pku.sch.idMAJlbs SMK Negeri 5 Pekanbaru adalah sekolah menengah kejuruan negeri bidang industri teknologi dan rekayasa yang berlokasi di Jalan Yos Sudarso Rumbai, Pekanbaru, Riau. Se...

Gaspard de la nuit

Piano suite by Maurice Ravel Gaspard de la nuitTrois poèmes pour piano d'après Aloysius BertrandSuite by Maurice RavelRavel in 1910CatalogueM. 55Based onAloysius Bertrand's Gaspard de la NuitComposed1908Durationabout 22 minutesMovementsThreeScoringSolo pianoPremiereDate9 January 1909LocationParisPerformersRicardo Viñes Gaspard de la nuit (subtitled Trois poèmes pour piano d'après Aloysius Bertrand), M. 55 is a suite of piano pieces by Maurice Ravel, written in 1908. It has three movement...

 

Bristol Motor Speedway

Motorsport track in the United States Bristol Motor SpeedwayThe Last Great ColosseumOval (1961–present)Location151 Speedway Boulevard, Bristol, Tennessee, 37620Time zoneUTC−5 (UTC−4 DST)Coordinates36°30′56″N 82°15′25″W / 36.5156°N 82.2569°W / 36.5156; -82.2569OwnerSpeedway Motorsports (January 1996–present)Larry Carrier (July 1961–October 1977, January 1986–December 1995)OperatorSpeedway Motorsports (January 1996–present)Broke groundJanuary...

 

Hurricane Lane (2018)

Category 5 Pacific hurricane Hurricane Lane Hurricane Lane at peak intensity southeast of Hawaii on August 22Meteorological historyFormedAugust 15, 2018Remnant lowAugust 28, 2018DissipatedAugust 29, 2018Category 5 major hurricane1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)Highest winds160 mph (260 km/h)Lowest pressure926 mbar (hPa); 27.34 inHgOverall effectsFatalities1 totalEconomic losses$250 millionAreas affectedHawaiiIBTrACS / [1]Part of the 2018 Pacific hurricane s...

乔冠华

乔冠华 中华人民共和国外交部部长 中国人民对外友好协会顾问 任期1974年11月—1976年12月总理周恩来 → 华国锋前任姬鹏飞继任黄华 个人资料性别男出生(1913-03-28)1913年3月28日 中華民國江蘇省盐城县逝世1983年9月22日(1983歲—09—22)（70歲） 中华人民共和国北京市籍贯江蘇鹽城国籍 中华人民共和国政党 中国共产党配偶明仁（1940年病逝） 龚澎（1970年病逝） 章含�...

 

Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)

Australian bass-baritone and songwriter (1882 - 1961) For other uses, see Peter Dawson. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Peter DawsonBackground informationBirth namePeter Smith DawsonAlso known asJ. P. McCall, Will Strong, Will Danby, Hector Grant, Arthur Walpole, Robert Woodville, Evel...

 

William H. Murray

Ninth governor of Oklahoma (1869–1956) For the Scottish actor-manager, see William Henry Murray. For the Medal of Honor recipient, see William H. Murray (Medal of Honor). William H. MurrayMurray, c. 1930s9th Governor of OklahomaIn officeJanuary 12, 1931 – January 15, 1935LieutenantRobert BurnsPreceded byWilliam J. HollowaySucceeded byErnest W. MarlandProprietor of the Aguairenda Colony, BoliviaIn office1923 – August 6, 1928PresidentBautista SaavedraFelipe Segundo G...

Jeung San Do

South Korean new age religion Jeung San DoHangul증산도Hanja甑山道Revised RomanizationJeung San DoMcCune–ReischauerChŭngsando The symbol of Jeungsanist organisations. Jeung San Do (Korean: 증산도), occasionally called Jeungsanism, meaning The Dao/Tao of Jeung-san, although this term is better reserved for a larger family of movements, is a new religious movement founded in South Korea in 1974. It is one of more than 100 Korean religious movements that recognize Gang Il-sun...

 

Beothuk language

Extinct language of Canada BeothukBeothukanNative toCanadaRegionNewfoundlandEthnicityBeothukExtinct1829, with the death of ShanawdithitLanguage familyunclassified (Algonquian?)Language codesISO 639-3bueLinguist ListbueGlottologbeot1247Pre-contact distribution of Beothuk language Beothuk (/biːˈɒtək/ or /ˈbeɪ.əθʊk/), also called Beothukan, is an extinct language once spoken by the indigenous Beothuk people of Newfoundland. The Beothuk have been extinct since 1829, and there are fe...

 

Amir Mirza Hekmati

Former United States Marine Amir HekmatiBirth nameAmir Mirza HekmatiBornFlagstaff, Arizona, U.S.AllegianceUnited States[1][2]Service/branchUnited States Marine Corps[1][2]Years of service2001–2005[a]RankSergeant[1][2]Unit2nd Battalion, 4th Marines[2]Battles/warsIraq War[1][2] Operation Iraqi Freedom[b] AwardsCombat Action Ribbon[2]Good Conduct Medal[2]National Defense Service Medal&#...

Guerre di Lombardia

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti conflitti e storia d'Italia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Guerre di LombardiaData1423 – 1454 LuogoLombardia EsitoPace di Lodi del 1454 Modifiche territoriali Venezia ottiene Bergamo e Brescia da Milano il confine dei due stati viene fissato su...

 

Psalm 134

This article is about Psalm 134 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 134 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 135. Psalm 134Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORDSong of AscentsVerse 2 of the psalm, written above a sink used for ritual hand washing at the Beit El yeshiva, Old City, JerusalemOther name Psalm 133 Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum LanguageHebrew (original) Psalm 134 is the 134th psalm from the Book of Psalms, a part of the Hebrew Bible and t...