Lansoprazole, sold under the brand name Prevacid among others, is a medication which reduces stomach acid.[4] It is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.[5] Its effectiveness is similar to that of other PPIs.[6] It is taken by mouth.[4] Onset is over a few hours and effects last up to a couple of days.[4]
Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, and nausea.[4][3] Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridium difficile infection, and pneumonia.[4][3] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[1] It works by blocking H+/K+-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach.[4]
Lansoprazole was patented in 1984 and came into medical use in 1992.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[5] In 2021, it was the 216th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[8][9]
Lansoprazole is used for treatment of:[3]
There is no good evidence that it works better than other PPIs.[6]
Side effects of PPIs in general[11] and lansoprazole in particular[12] may include:[3]
PPIs may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.[3]: 22
Lansoprazole interacts with several other drugs, either due to its own nature or as a PPI.[16]
Lansoprazole possibly interacts with, among other drugs:
It is a racemic 1:1 mixture of the enantiomers dexlansoprazole and levolansoprazole.[18] Dexlansoprazole is an enantiomerically pure active ingredient of a commercial drug as a result of the enantiomeric shift. Lansoprazole's plasma elimination half-life (1.5 h) is not proportional to the duration of the drug's effects to the person (i.e. gastric acid suppression).[19]
Lansoprazole was originally synthesized at Takeda and was given the development name AG 1749.[20] Takeda patented it in 1984 and the drug launched in 1991.[21] In the United States, it was approved for medical use in 1995.[22]
Patent protection of the lansoprazole molecule expired on 10 November 2009,[23][24] and generic formulations became available under many brand names in many countries.[25] Some formulations may not be available in generic form.[26]
Since 2009, lansoprazole has been available over the counter (OTC) in the U.S. as Prevacid 24HR[27][28] and as Lansoprazole 24HR.[29] In Australia, it is marketed by Pfizer as Zoton.[30]
In vitro experiments have shown that lansoprazole binds to the pathogenic form of tau protein.[31] As of 2015[update] laboratory studies were underway on analogs of lansoprazole to explore their use as potential PET imaging agents for diagnosing tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease.[31]
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