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Kvitlech
	Kvitlech cards
Origin	Galician Jews
Release date	Late 18th or 19th century
Players	5+
Cards	24 or 31
Related games
	Twenty-One, Pontoon, Dreidel

Kvitlech (Yiddish: קוויטלעך, lit. 'notes', 'slips')^{[note 1]} is a card game similar to Twenty-One played in some Ashkenazi Jewish homes during the Hanukkah season.

The game and deck were likely created by Hassidic Jews living in Galicia during the late 18th or 19th century.^[3] Most packs used to play the game consist of 24 cards with identical pairs numbered from 1 to 12. The pack may have originated from Hexenspiel decks by stripping them of picture cards so as to avoid idolatry.^[4]^[5] Jews did not use popular playing cards because of the crosses and other Christian symbols found on them, using instead an (often handmade) deck of cards called kvitlekh, lamed-alefniks (lit. 'thirty-oners'), klein Shas (lit. 'small Talmud'), or tilliml (lit. 'small Book of Psalms').^[6] The cards were decorated with Hebrew numerals and common objects such as teapots, feathers, and sometimes portraits of biblical heroes.^[7]^[2] Piatnik & Söhne of Vienna was the largest producer of these cards during the 19th and 20th centuries which helped spread the game among Jews living in Austria-Hungary and their North American diaspora.

Notes

^ Also spelled Kwitlech, Kvitlekh, Kvitlakh, Kvitlach, Quitli and Quitlok.

References

^ ^a ^b McLeod, John. "Quitlok". Pagat. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
^ ^a ^b Goodman, Philip, ed. (2018). The Hanukkah Anthology. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-1392-8.
^ Steinmetz, Sol (2005). Dictionary of Jewish Usage: A Guide to the Use of Jewish Terms. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. ISBN 0-7425-4387-0.
^ Kissel, Robert S. (1990). "Kwitlech: The 'Kosher' Cards of Galician Jews (Part I)". The Playing-Card. XVIII (3): 86–100.
^ Kissel, Robert S. (1990). "Kwitlech: The 'Kosher' Cards of Galician Jews (Part II)". The Playing-Card. XVIII (4): 101–116.
^ Lehman-Wilzig, Tami (7 November 2010). "On Hanukkah, Galician Jews Knew How to Play Their Cards". Jewish Holiday Customs. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
^ Roskies, Diane K.; Roskies, David G. (1979). The Shtetl Book. Ktav Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-87068-456-2.

Bibliography

Smith, Anthony G. (February 1991). "The 'Cambio' Packs and the Games Played with Them. I. Hexenspiel and Quittli". The Playing-Card. XIX (3): 93–102.