Franconia, New Hampshire

Franconia, New Hampshire
Franconia, New Hampshire
Town
	Franconia Village with Sugar Hills background c. 1908
	Motto: "Explore the Road Not Taken"
	Location in Grafton County, New Hampshire
	Coordinates: 44°13′38″N 71°44′54″W / 44.22722°N 71.74833°W
Country	United States
State	New Hampshire
County	Grafton
Incorporated	1764
Government
• Board of Selectmen	Jill Brewer, Chair; Eric Meth; Dan Walker;
• Town Administrator	Elizabeth Staples
Area
• Total	65.8 sq mi (170.5 km2)
• Land	65.5 sq mi (169.7 km2)
• Water	0.3 sq mi (0.8 km2) 0.47%
Elevation	928 ft (283 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	1,083
• Density	17/sq mi (6.4/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	03580
Area code	603
FIPS code	33-27300
GNIS feature ID	0873599
Website	www.franconianh.org

Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,083 at the 2020 census.^[2] Set in the White Mountains, Franconia is home to the northern half of Franconia Notch State Park. Parts of the White Mountain National Forest are in the eastern and southern portions of the town. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town.

History

Town status was first granted in 1764 by colonial Governor Benning Wentworth as "Franconia",^[3] a name widely applied to the region by 1760^[4] due to the terrain's resemblance to the Franconian Switzerland in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.^[5] Upon claims that a settlement was not made within the time prescribed under the terms of the charter, it was regranted in 1772 by his nephew, Governor John Wentworth, as "Morristown". Sometime between 1779 and 1782, after a legal battle over the two grants, the first grant was recognized and the original name of the town was resumed.^[6]^[7]

The town sits on a rich iron deposit, and the region once produced pig iron and bar iron for farm tools and cast iron ware.

Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway (old and new)

Franconia is home to the Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway, which rises to the 4,100-foot (1,200 m) summit of Cannon Mountain. Built in 1938, it was the first passenger aerial tramway in North America. From the time of its construction in 1938 to its retirement in 1980, the original tramway carried 6,581,338 passengers to the summit of Cannon Mountain. The original tramway was replaced by a new 80-passenger tram in 1979. Construction and testing of the new tram were completed in February 1980, and the red and yellow tram cars are still running year-round today.^[8]

Around 1940, actress Bette Davis vacationed in Sugar Hill, the town bordering Franconia to the west. On a solo hike to Bridal Veil Falls at the western foot of Cannon Mountain, she got lost in the woods. Arthur Farnsworth, who worked at Peckett's Ski School, found her and rescued her from the woods. They fell in love and soon married.^[9] Farnsworth died unexpectedly as a result of freak accident in Los Angeles. Davis had erected in a rock on the trail to Bridal Veil Falls a plaque to commemorate Farnsworth, in which was inscribed the words "The Keeper of Stray Ladies", although Davis did not include her name in the plaque. The plaque can be seen today on the Coppermine Trail to Bridal Veil Falls.

The town was home to Franconia College during the 1960s and 1970s. In the 21st century, Franconia has been known as the home of skier Bode Miller, who has accumulated several Olympic medals.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 65.8 square miles (170.5 km²), of which 65.5 square miles (169.7 km²) are land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km²) are water, comprising 0.47% of the town.^[1] Franconia is drained by the Pemigewasset River, the Franconia Branch of the East Branch Pemigewasset River, the Gale River, and the Ham Branch of the Gale River, in addition to Lafayette Brook. The north-western two-thirds of Franconia lies within the Connecticut River watershed, while the southeastern portion which drains to the Pemigewasset and its branches lies in the Merrimack River watershed.^[10]

The area of Franconia Notch is well known for its natural features, including Profile and Echo lakes, the Basin, Mount Lafayette, Mount Lincoln, and Cannon Mountain. Mount Lafayette, at 5,249 feet (1,600 m) above sea level, is the highest peak in Franconia and in Grafton County, as well as the second-most prominent peak in the White Mountains, after Mount Washington. The Old Man of the Mountain, a profile-like cliff on the side of Cannon Mountain which inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne to write "The Great Stone Face", collapsed on May 3, 2003.

In addition to the mountains around Franconia Notch, there are several other four-thousand footers within the town limits: Mount Garfield, Galehead Mountain, South Twin Mountain, and Owl's Head.

Franconia Notch, c. 1915
Forest Hill House, c. 1909
Echo Lake c. 1905
Cannon Mountain rising over Franconia village in 2007

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	72	—
1800	129	79.2%
1810	358	177.5%
1820	373	4.2%
1830	443	18.8%
1840	523	18.1%
1850	584	11.7%
1860	708	21.2%
1870	549	−22.5%
1880	550	0.2%
1890	594	8.0%
1900	655	10.3%
1910	504	−23.1%
1920	440	−12.7%
1930	514	16.8%
1940	568	10.5%
1950	549	−3.3%
1960	491	−10.6%
1970	655	33.4%
1980	743	13.4%
1990	811	9.2%
2000	924	13.9%
2010	1,104	19.5%
2020	1,083	−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census^[2]^[11]

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 924 people, 384 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.0 inhabitants per square mile (5.4/km²). There were 702 housing units at an average density of 10.7 per square mile (4.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.51% White, 0.11% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.

There were 384 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 33.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,114, and the median income for a family was $46,979. Males had a median income of $29,500 versus $24,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,351. About 7.8% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

The Frost Place, former home of poet Robert Frost
New England Ski Museum
Franconia Notch State Park & Cannon Mt Aerial Tramway
Bridal Veil Falls^[13]
Profile House^[14]
Franconia Iron Works^[15]

Notable people

Elisabeth Elliot (1926–2015), Christian author, speaker
Jessica Garretson Finch (1871–1949), daughter of minister of the Congregational Church in Franconia, suffragette, founder of Finch College
Robert Frost (1874–1963), four time Pulitzer Prize-winning poet
Sel Hannah (1913–1991), skier, ski area architect
Bode Miller (born 1977), Olympic gold medalist skier
Ernest Poole (1880–1950), author
Annie Trumbull Slosson (1838–1926), author, entomologist

References

^ ^a ^b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Franconia town, Grafton County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
^ The Franconia Charter, 1764
^ Herbert, Phyllis Bond. The Early History of Franconia, N.H., p. 6
^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 130.
^ Welch, Sarah Nelson. A History of Franconia New Hampshire, p. 32
^ Franconia Area Heritage Council. Old Landmarks of Our Neighborhood, p. 32.
^ "Cannon Mountain | A Rich History - 75 years in the making". Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Keeper of Stray Ladies". mzwrite.tripod.com. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
^ Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "Hike New England - Bridal Veil Falls via Coppermine Trail". www.hikenewengland.com. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
^ "Profile House". whitemountainhistory. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
^ "Franconia Iron Works". whitemountainhistory. Retrieved September 19, 2020.