Kunda, Estonia

Kunda
Town
From left to right, clockwise: A cement factory, apartment buildings, the ruins of an old cement factory, a pulp mill, a hydroelectric power plant
Kunda is located in Scandinavia
Kunda
Kunda
Location of Kunda in the Baltic Sea region
Kunda is located in Estonia
Kunda
Kunda
Location in Estonia
Kunda is located in Europe
Kunda
Kunda
Location in Europe
Coordinates: 59°30′N 26°32′E / 59.500°N 26.533°E / 59.500; 26.533
CountryEstonia
CountyLääne-Viru County
MunicipalityViru-Nigula Parish
City statusMay 1, 1938
Area
 • Total
9.85 km2 (3.80 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total
2,865
 • Rank29th
 • Density290/km2 (750/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Kunda is a town in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia, located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Kunda is best known for its cement factory, port, and archaeological heritage.[2]

History

Evidence of some of the oldest prehistoric communities in Estonia—hunting, and fishing communities that existed around 6500 BC—were found near Kunda. This settlement gave the name to the Kunda culture.

The first written record of Kunda dates back to 1241, when it was mentioned as a village. In 1443 it was mentioned as a manor.[3]

Kunda was granted official borough rights on May 1, 1938.

Demographics

Ethnic composition 1922-2021
Ethnicity 1922[4] 1934[5] 1941[6] 1959[7] 1970[8] 1979[9] 1989[9] 2000[10] 2011[11] 2021[12]
amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount %
Estonians 2102 91.0 1728 92.8 1433 97.5 2768 73.3 3400 65.1 2945 61.0 2513 49.9 2283 58.6 2176 63.6 2043 68.2
Russians 97 4.20 77 4.13 25 1.70 - - 1442 27.6 1468 30.4 2037 40.4 1278 32.8 1041 30.4 802 26.8
Ukrainians - - 0 0.00 - - - - 118 2.26 134 2.78 166 3.30 - - 82 2.40 55 1.84
Belarusians - - - - - - - - 95 1.82 92 1.91 83 1.65 - - 34 0.99 26 0.87
Finns - - 9 0.48 2 0.14 - - 102 1.95 106 2.20 104 2.06 - - 37 1.08 26 0.87
Jews 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 - - 3 0.06 2 0.04 2 0.04 - - 2 0.06 0 0.00
Latvians - - 0 0.00 1 0.07 - - 2 0.04 11 0.23 4 0.08 - - 5 0.15 5 0.17
Germans 73 3.16 33 1.77 - - - - - - 4 0.08 7 0.14 - - 7 0.20 3 0.10
Tatars - - 0 0.00 - - - - - - 10 0.21 13 0.26 - - 1 0.03 3 0.10
Poles - - 1 0.05 0 0.00 - - - - 14 0.29 13 0.26 - - 6 0.18 5 0.17
Lithuanians - - 0 0.00 0 0.00 - - 8 0.15 7 0.14 14 0.28 - - 11 0.32 7 0.23
unknown 1 0.04 0 0.00 3 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 12 0.31 1 0.03 3 0.10
other 37 1.60 15 0.81 5 0.34 1008 26.7 56 1.07 35 0.72 81 1.61 326 8.36 19 0.56 21 0.70
Total 2310 100 1863 100 1469 100 3776 100 5226 100 4828 100 5037 100 3899 100 3422 100 2997 100.08

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia

Twin towns — Sister cities

The former municipality of Kunda was twinned with:

Climate

Climate data for Kunda, Estonia (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1849–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		11.1
(52.0) 		15.8
(60.4) 		27.6
(81.7) 		33.1
(91.6) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		21.2
(70.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.8
(53.2) 		34.4
(93.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1
(30) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		8.8
(47.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		18.9
(66.0) 		21.8
(71.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		0.9
(33.6) 		9.7
(49.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.8
(49.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.5
(61.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		6.2
(43.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.7
(21.7) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−4
(25) 		0.8
(33.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.2
(55.8) 		12.4
(54.3) 		8.6
(47.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		2.9
(37.2)
Record low °C (°F) −33.1
(−27.6) 		−34.9
(−30.8) 		−27.7
(−17.9) 		−19
(−2) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		2.9
(37.2) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−34.9
(−30.8) 		−34.9
(−30.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5) 		29
(1.1) 		27
(1.1) 		29
(1.1) 		41
(1.6) 		68
(2.7) 		61
(2.4) 		76
(3.0) 		54
(2.1) 		61
(2.4) 		52
(2.0) 		38
(1.5) 		573
(22.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.3 9.5 8.6 10.5 9.3 11.9 10.5 10.1 107.7
Average relative humidity (%) 87 85 80 75 72 76 78 80 81 83 86 86 81
Source 1: Estonian Weather Service[14][15][16][17][18]
Source 2: NOAA/NCEI (precipitation day, 1991-2020)[19]

Notable people

  • Argo Aadli (born 1980), theatre and film actor
  • Armin Öpik (1898–1983), paleontologist
  • Ernst Öpik (1893–1985), astronomer and astrophysicist
  • Jüri Parijõgi (1892–1941), writer and scholar
  • Knudåge Riisager (1897–1974), composer, son of expatriate Danish parents (his father running the cement factory), spent his first 3 years in Kunda.

References

  1. ^ "Population by sex, age group and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January". Statistics Estonia. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  2. ^ Kirss, Odette (1980). Kunda (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat. p. 5.
  3. ^ "Kunda". Eesti Entsüklopeedia. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  4. ^ 1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk IV, Viru maakond (tabelid). Eesti riikline statistika (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1924. pp. 12–13. hdl:10062/4451.
  5. ^ Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II (in Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1935. pp. 47–53. hdl:10062/4439.
  6. ^ Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. 66–67.
  7. ^ Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta; Sakkeus, Luule (1996). Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Lääne-Virumaa 1965-1990. Sari C (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9985-820-21-5.
  8. ^ Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 78.
  9. ^ a b Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik: 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed: statistikakogumik. 1. osa: Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi. Tallinn: Statistikaamet. 1990. pp. 30, 35. ISBN 978-9949-71-932-7.
  10. ^ 2000. aasta rahva ja eluruumide loendus (PDF) (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Statistikaamet. 2001. p. 81. ISBN 9985-74-167-6.
  11. ^ "RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
  12. ^ "RL21429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA (HALDUSÜKSUS) JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2021". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
  13. ^ "International co-operation of Gdynia". Gdynia.pl. Archived from the original on 2016-10-19.
  14. ^ "Climate normals-Temperature". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  15. ^ "Climate normals-Precipitation". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  16. ^ "Climate normals-Humidity". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  17. ^ "Rekordid" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  18. ^ "Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  19. ^ "Kunda Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
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