Kumbaya

Not to be confused with Cumbayá.

"Kum ba yah"
Transcription of the song "Come By Here" from a 1926 recording by H. Wylie
"Come By Here", transcribed by J. Cutting from the singing of H. Wylie, 1926
Song
Recorded1926, H. Wylie
GenreGospel, spiritual
Come By Here / Kum Ba Ya / Kumbaya
Earliest known recording (1926)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Kum ba yah" ("Come by here") is an African American spiritual of disputed origin, known to have been sung in the Gullah culture of the islands off South Carolina and Georgia, with ties to enslaved Central Africans. Originally an appeal to God to come to the aid of those in need,[1] the song is thought to have spread from the islands to other Southern states and the North, as well as to other places outside the United States.

The first known recording was made by folklorist Robert Winslow Gordon in 1926. It features an unaccompanied tenor voice identified only as "H. Wylie," singing in the Gullah dialect. The piece became a standard campfire song in Scouting and summer camps and enjoyed broader popularity during the folk revival of the 1950s and 1960s. In American politics, the song title gave rise to the phrase "sing Kumbaya," denoting unrealistic, excessively optimistic attempts at compromise.

Origins

According to Library of Congress editor Stephen Winick, the song almost certainly originated among African Americans in the Southeastern United States. A Gullah version emerged early in its history, even if the song did not originate in that dialect.[1] The two oldest versions whose year of origin is known for certain were both collected in 1926, and both reside in the Library's American Folklife Center. No precise month or day was recorded for either version, so either may be the earliest known version of the song. One was submitted as a high-school collecting project by a student named Minnie Lee to her teacher, Julian P. Boyd, later a professor of history at Princeton University and president of the American Historical Association. This version, collected in Alliance, North Carolina, is a manuscript featuring lyrics but no music. The other 1926 version was recorded on a wax cylinder by Robert Winslow Gordon, founder of what began as the Library of Congress Archive of Folk Song, which became the American Folklife Center. The singer's name was H. Wylie, and the song was recorded within a few hours' drive of Darien, Georgia, although Gordon did not note the exact location. Between 1926 and 1928, Gordon recorded three more versions of traditional spirituals with the refrain "come by here" or "come by heah". One of these is a different song concerning the story of Daniel in the den of lions. Of the other two, one has been lost, and one cylinder was broken, so it cannot be determined if they are versions of "Kumbaya".[1]

According to an article in Kodaly Envoy by Lum Chee-Hoo, some time between 1922 and 1931, members of the Society for the Preservation of Spirituals[2] collected a version from the South Carolina coast.[3] "Come by Yuh", as they called it, was sung in Gullah, the creole language spoken by the formerly enslaved Africans and their descendants living on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia, as well as The Bahamas.[4] It is possible this is the earliest version, if it was collected before 1926. Because the individual songs in this society's publications are not dated, however, it cannot be dated with certainty to before 1931.[1]

In May 1936, John Lomax, Gordon's successor as head of the Archive of Folk Song, discovered a woman named Ethel Best singing "Come by Here" with a group in Raiford, Florida.[5]

These facts contradict the longstanding copyright and authorship attribution to the white Anglo-American songwriter Reverend Marvin V. Frey (1918–1992),[3] who claimed to have written the song circa 1936 under the title "Come By Here", inspired, he said, by a prayer he heard delivered by "Mother Duffin", a storefront evangelist in Portland, Oregon. It first appeared in this version in Revival Choruses of Marvin V. Frey, a lyric sheet printed in that city in 1939. In an interview at the Library of Congress quoted by Winick,[1] Frey said the change of the title to "Kum Ba Yah" came about in 1946, when a missionary family named Cunningham returned from Africa. where they had sung Frey's version. According to Frey, they brought back a partly translated version, and "Kum Ba Yah" was an African phrase from Angola (specifically in Luvale). Frey said the Cunninghams then toured America singing the song with the text "Kum Ba Yah".[1]

The story of an African origin for the phrase circulated in several versions, spread also by the revival group the Folksmiths, whose liner notes for the song stated that "Kum Ba Yah" was brought to America from Angola.[1] As Winick points out, however:

According to Frey, then, the pronunciation "Kum Ba Yah" originated when Luvale-speaking people in Angola and Zaire translated "Come by Here" into their language. That strains credibility on several levels, primarily that "Come by Here" translated into Luvale would not be "Kum Ba Yah"; indeed, for "Come by Here" to translate to "Kum Ba Yah," the target language would have to be a creole with English as one of its main components, and no such language was common in Angola (then still a Portuguese colony) or Zaire (a country formerly colonized by Belgium, whose primary colonial language was French) in the 1930s. Moreover, the AFC's cylinder recording of H. Wylie shows that we have no need of such a story. In Wylie's dialect, which is most likely a form of Gullah, the word "here" is pronounced as "yah," rendering the song's most repeated line "come by yah," a phrase that can be phonetically rendered as either "Kum Ba Yah" or "Kumbaya."[1]

Although it is often said that the song originated in Gullah, Winick further points out that the Boyd manuscript, which may be the earliest version of the song, was probably not collected from a Gullah speaker.[1]

A 45-rpm recording in a contemporary gospel style was released in 1958 by Little Sugar and the Hightower Brothers as "Come by Here", on the Savoy label (backed with "At the Golden Gate").[citation needed]

Folk music revival and the civil rights movement

The Folksmiths, including Joe Hickerson, recorded the song in 1957,[6] as did Pete Seeger in 1958.[7] Hickerson credits Tony Saletan, then a songleader at the Shaker Village Work Camp, for introducing him to "Kumbaya".[1] Saletan had learned it from Lynn Rohrbough, co-proprietor with his wife Katherine of the camp songbook publisher Cooperative Recreation Service, predecessor to World Around Songs.[3][5][8][9] (Hickerson later succeeded Gordon and Lomax at the American Folklife Center, successor to the Archive of Folk Song.)[10] Saletan himself never recorded the song, but he can be heard singing and discussing it in a 2017 podcast interview.[11] The song enjoyed newfound popularity during the American folk music revival of the early to mid-1960s, largely due to Joan Baez's 1962 recording of the song,[12] and became associated with the civil rights movement of that decade. For example, there is a recording of marchers singing the song as "Come By Here" during the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery (Alabama) march for voting rights.[13]

Political usage

The title of the song is often used sarcastically in English-speaking countries, either to make fun of spirituality and interpersonal relationships or to criticize their superficiality.

Beginning in the 1990s and increasing in the following decades, references to "Kumbaya" or "singing 'Kumbaya'" entered idiomatic usage in the politics of the United States, often to suggest that someone other than the speaker is too conciliatory or eager to compromise.[14][15] Richard Vatz has characterized these references to the song as sarcastic criticism of consensus "that allegedly does not examine the issues or is revelatory of cockeyed optimism."[14]

For example, in discussing the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, U.S. President Barack Obama commented that the substantive disagreements between the parties "can't be reduced to somehow a matter of let's all hold hands and sing 'Kumbaya.'"[16] Many other high-profile political figures have similarly referred derisively to the singing of the song as a way of expressing doubt or disparagement for potential compromise.[15] Former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee explained his skepticism that ideologically aligned candidates in the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries would unite around a single individual by saying, "there's not going to be some magic moment at which three or four of these people sit around a campfire toasting marshmallows, singing 'Kumbaya' and giving the nod to one of their competitors."[17] Businessman and political candidate Herman Cain, speaking to a rally in 2011, said, "Singing ‘Kumbaya’ is not a foreign policy strategy."[14]

Lyrics

Version No. 1[18] Version No. 2[19] Version No. 3 Version No. 4[20]

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone need you, Lord, come by here
Someone need you, Lord, come by here
Someone need you, Lord, come by here
Oh, Lord, come by here.

For the sun, that rises in the sky
For the rhythm of the falling rain
For all life, great or small
For all that's true, for all you do.

Someone's laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's laughing, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me crying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me crying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me crying, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Now I need you, Lord, come by here
Sinners need you, Lord, come by here
Sinners need you, Lord, come by here
Oh, Lord, come by here.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's crying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's crying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's crying, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me singing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me singing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me singing, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Come by here, my Lord, come by here,
Come by here, my Lord, come by here,
Come by here, my Lord, come by here,
Oh, Lord, come by here.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Someone's praying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's praying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's praying, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Hear me praying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me praying, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Hear me praying, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

In the mornin' see, Lord, come by here,
In the mornin' see, Lord, come by here,
In the mornin' see, Lord, come by here,
Oh, Lord, come by here.

For the second on this world you made,
For the love that will never fade,
For a heart beating with joy,
For all that's real, for all we feel.

Someone's singing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's singing, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Someone's singing, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Oh, I need you, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Oh, I need you, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Oh, I need you, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

I gon' need you, Lord, come by here,
I gon' need you, Lord, come by here,
I gon' need you, Lord, come by here,
Oh, Lord, come by here.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

Oh, Sinners need you, Lord, come by here,
Sinners need you, Lord, come by here,
Sinners need you, Lord, come by here,
Oh my Lord, won't you come by here.

Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya;
Kum bay ya, my Lord, kum bay ya,
O Lord, kum bay ya.

In the morning - morning, won't you come by here
Mornin' - morning, won't you come by here
In the Mornin' - morning, won't you come by here
Oh, Lord, come by here.

Additional stanzas by Barry Moore (1973), in the songbook Sing and Rejoice, Herald Press (1979):

In Your Body, Lord, we are one.
In Your Body, Lord, we are one.
In Your Body, Lord, we are one.
O Lord, we are one.

In his banquet, Lord, we find strength.
In his banquet, Lord, we find strength.
In his banquet, Lord, we find strength.
O Lord, we find strength.

Draw us nearer, Lord, each to each.
Draw us nearer, Lord, each to each.
Draw us nearer, Lord, each to each.
O Lord, each to each.

Fill our mind, Lord, with Your peace.
Fill our mind, Lord, with Your peace.
Fill our mind, Lord, with Your peace.
O Lord, with Your peace.

Undivided, Lord, we shall stand.
Undivided, Lord, we shall stand.
Undivided, Lord, we shall stand.
O Lord, we shall stand.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Winick, Stephen (Summer–Fall 2010). "The World's First 'Kumbaya' Moment: New Evidence about an Old Song" (PDF). Folklife Center News, Library of Congress. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  2. ^ "Gullah Spirituals". The Society for the Preservation of Spirituals. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c Jeffery, Weiss (November 12, 2006). "'Kumbaya': How did a sweet simple song become a mocking metaphor?". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
  4. ^ "Mama Lisa'a World-Kumbaya". Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  5. ^ a b Stern, Gary (June 27, 2009). ""Kumbaya, My Lord:" Why we sing it; why we hate it". The Journal News. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  6. ^ "Smithsonian Folkways, We've Got Some Singing to Do, FW02407" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
  7. ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Pete Seeger and Sonny Terry at Carnegie Hall (1958)". AllMusic. Netaktion, LLC. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  8. ^ Amy, Ernest F. (1957). Cooperative Recreation Service: A unique project. Midwest Folklore 7 (4, Winter): 202–6. ISSN 0737-7037. OCLC 51288821.
  9. ^ "World Around Songs: Our History". Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  10. ^ Zorn, Eric (August 31, 2006). "Someone's dissin', Lord, kumbaya". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 11, 2008.
  11. ^ Wilhelm, Dorothy (September 17, 2017). "Tony Saletan". Swimming Upstream Radio Show. Its Never Too Late. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
  12. ^ Semioli, Tom. "Joan Baez in Concert, Pt. 1 (1962)". AllMusic. Netaktion, LLC. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  13. ^ "Freedom Songs: Selma, Alabama". Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c Weeks, Linton (January 13, 2012). "When Did 'Kumbaya' Become Such A Bad Thing?". NPR.org. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  15. ^ a b Waldman, Katy (March 29, 2016). "How "Kumbaya" Went From Sincere Protest Song to Drippy Punch Line". Slate Magazine. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  16. ^ "Obama says Netanyahu differences go beyond 'Kumbaya'". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  17. ^ Stephanopoulos, George (January 8, 2012). "Mike Huckabee Says Mitt Romney May Run Table to Nomination". ABC News. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  18. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mitra (September 6, 2009). "Kumbaya" (in English and Persian). YouTube.
  19. ^ "Kumbaya, my Lord" (PDF). evangeliser.nu. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  20. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Sacro Capo (March 11, 2009). "Kumbaya my Lord". YouTube.

Read other articles:

Angkutan cepat

Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Rapid transit di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: panduan penerjemah...

 

Seals Stadium

Minor league baseball stadium in San Francisco (1931–1959) Seals StadiumThe Queen of Concrete[citation needed]LocationBryant & 16th Streets(right field corner)Mission DistrictSan Francisco, California, U.S.Coordinates37°46′0″N 122°24′33″W / 37.76667°N 122.40917°W / 37.76667; -122.40917OwnerSan Francisco SealsPaul I. Fagan[1]Capacity16,000 (1931)18,500 (1946)22,900 (1958)Field sizeLeft Field – 340 ft (1931),365 ft (1958...

 

Mobile broadband

Marketing term For broader coverage of this topic, see Wireless broadband. A mobile broadband modem in the ExpressCard form factor for laptop computers HTC ThunderBolt, the second commercially available LTE smartphone Mobile broadband is the marketing term for wireless Internet access via mobile networks. Access to the network can be made through a portable modem, wireless modem, or a tablet/smartphone (possibly tethered) or other mobile device. The first wireless Internet access became avail...

Mohamed Abdelfatah

Egyptian Greco-Roman wrestler For the Sudanese footballer, see Mohamed Abdel Fatah (footballer). Mohamed AbdelfattahPersonal informationBorn (1978-02-04) 4 February 1978 (age 46)Suez, EgyptHeight1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)Weight96 kg (212 lb)Websitewww.facebook.com/Mohamed-Abdelfatah-Bogy-120985619923SportSportWrestlingEventGreco-RomanClubPolice Sports ClubCoached byYehia Kazarian. 2006-2012 Jakob Panotas Medal record Men's Greco-Roman wrestling Representing  Egypt O...

 

Coppa Libertadores 1999

Coppa Libertadores 1999Copa Libertadores de América 1999 Competizione Coppa Libertadores Sport Calcio Edizione 40ª Organizzatore CONMEBOL Date 16 settembre 1998 - 16 giugno 1999 Partecipanti 23 Risultati Vincitore Palmeiras(1º titolo) Secondo Deportivo Cali Statistiche Miglior marcatore Víctor Bonilla Fernando Baiano Gauchinho Ruberth Morán Rubén Sosa Martín Zapata (6) Incontri disputati 100 Gol segnati 283 (2,83 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1998 2000 Manuale ...

 

Eurosphere

European Union and neighbouring states Cited Eurosphere: Dark blue: European UnionLight blue: Current enlargement agendaTurquoise: European NeighbourhoodBrown: ACP countries The Eurosphere or the European Empire[1] is a concept associated with the public intellectual Mark Leonard,[2] Oxford University academic Jan Zielonka,[1] the European Union Director-General for Politico-Military Affairs Robert Cooper[3] and the former European Commission President José Ma...

WWE ECW

WWE television program This article is about the WWE television program. For the promotion that operated from 1992 to 2001, on which the show was based, see Extreme Championship Wrestling. For the WWE brand of the same name, see ECW (WWE brand). WWE ECWCreated by Vince McMahon Paul Heyman StarringECW rosterOpening themeBodies by Drowning Pool (2006–2007) Don't Question My Heart by Saliva featuring Brent Smith (2008–2010)Country of originUnited StatesNo. of seasons5No. of episodes193Produc...

 

KFSO-FM

Radio station in Visalia, CaliforniaKFSO-FMVisalia, CaliforniaBroadcast areaFresno/Visalia/TulareFrequency92.9 MHz (HD Radio)BrandingLa Preciosa 92.9ProgrammingLanguage(s)SpanishFormatSpanish adult hitsSubchannelsHD2: Tejano music El PatronOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsKALZ, KBOS-FM, KCBL, KFBT, KHGE, KRDU, KRZR, KSOFHistoryFirst air dateSeptember 1, 1961; 62 years ago (1961-09-01)[1]Former call signsKONG-FM (1961–1984)[2]...

 

Gerhard Ertl

German physicist (born 1936) Gerhard ErtlErtl in 2007Born (1936-10-10) 10 October 1936 (age 87)Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyNationalityGermanAlma materUniversity of StuttgartTechnical University of MunichKnown forSurface chemistryAwardsEPS Europhysics Prize (1992)Japan Prize (1992)[1]Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1998)Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2007)Otto Hahn Prize (2007)Faraday Lectureship Prize (2007)Scientific careerFieldsSurface chemistryInstitution...

ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit

ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit Logo Official languagesEnglishDemonym(s)South AsianMembership 11 members  Brunei  Cambodia  India  Indonesia  Laos  Malaysia  Myanmar  Philippines  Singapore  Thailand  Vietnam Establishment1992Currency 8 currenciesb (ISO 4217 in brackets) (BND)  Brunei dollar (KHR)  Cambodian riel (Rp)  Indonesian rupiah (INR)  Indian rupee (LAK)  Lao Kip (MYR)  Malaysian ringgit (MMK)  ...

 

Pierogi

Unleavened stuffed pasta of Polish origin This article is about the boiled dumplings. For the fried buns, see Pirozhki. For Eastern European pies, see Pirog. For the YouTuber, see Scammer Payback. PierogiPierogi with butterTypeDumplingsCourseAppetizer, main, dessertPlace of originAsia (historically)[1]Europe (contemporary)Region or statePoland, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern EuropeAssociated cuisinePoland (as pierogi), Ukraine (as varenyky)Main ingredientsDough: flour, e...

 

Mariano Rajoy

Prime Minister of Spain between 2011 and 2018 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Rajoy and the second or maternal family name is Brey. The Most ExcellentMariano RajoyRajoy in 2018Prime Minister of SpainIn office21 December 2011 – 2 June 2018MonarchsJuan Carlos IFelipe VIDeputySoraya Sáenz de SantamaríaPreceded byJosé Luis Rodríguez ZapateroSucceeded byPedro SánchezPresident of the People's PartyIn office2 October 2004 – 21 July 2018Deputy...

David Roberts

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'astista statunitense, vedi David Roberts (astista). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento pittori britannici non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Il pittore David Roberts in una foto del 1844 David Roberts (Stockbridge, 24 ottobre 1796 – 25 novembre 1864) è stato un pittore britannico. Indice 1 Biografi...

 

Thelnetham

Human settlement in EnglandThelnethamThelnetham WindmillThelnethamLocation within SuffolkPopulation230 [1]DistrictWest SuffolkShire countySuffolkRegionEastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townDissPostcode districtIP22PoliceSuffolkFireSuffolkAmbulanceEast of England UK ParliamentWest Suffolk List of places UK England Suffolk 52°21′54″N 0°57′36″E / 52.365°N 0.960°E / 52.365; 0.960 Thelnetham is a village and ci...

 

Kunstgewerbe

Das Kunstgewerbe umfasst die handwerkliche, maschinelle oder industrielle Herstellung von Gebrauchsgegenständen mit künstlerischem Anspruch. Im Gegensatz zum nahe verwandten Kunsthandwerk stellt das Kunstgewerbe die Objekte in größeren Serien her. Die Entwürfe werden oft von anderen Werkstätten oder externen Künstlern ausgeführt. Die Produkte des Kunstgewerbes und des Kunsthandwerks sind Kunstwerke und zugleich Gebrauchsgegenstände. Sie werden unter dem Begriff Gebrauchskunst oder au...

Daftar kota di Makedonia Utara

Republik Makedonia. Berikut adalah daftar kota di Republik Makedonia Berovo Bitola Bogdanci Debar Delčevo Demir Kapija Demir Hisar Gostivar Gevgelija Kavadarci Kičevo Kočani Kratovo Kruševo Kriva Palanka Kumanovo Makedonski Brod Makedonska Kamenica Negotino Ohrid Prilep Probištip Pehčevo Radoviš Resen Skopje Štip Struga Strumica Sveti Nikole Tetovo Valandovo Veles Vinica

 

Русская православная церковь

Запрос «РПЦ» перенаправляется сюда; о других значениях см. РПЦ (значения). Русская православная церковьцерк.-слав. Рꙋ́сскаѧ правосла́внаѧ цр҃ковь Кафедральный соборный храм Христа Спасителя, Москва Общие сведения Основатели патриарх Константинопольский Фотий I (в 860-�...

 

Cimetière chinois de Nolette

Pour les articles homonymes, voir cimetière chinois. Pour un article plus général, voir Sites funéraires et mémoriels de la Première Guerre mondiale (Front Ouest). Cimetière chinois de Nolette Présentation Inscription « Ce site commémore le sacrifice payé par 1900 ouvriers chinois qui ont perdu leur vie durant la Guerre de 1914-1918. Ce sont mes amis et collègues dont les mérites sont incomparables. » (inscription choisie par Shi Zhaoji, ambassadeur de Chine en Grande...

湘南医療大学

「湘南鎌倉医療大学」とは異なります。 湘南医療大学 大学設置/創立 2015年学校種別 私立設置者 学校法人湘南ふれあい学園本部所在地 神奈川県横浜市戸塚区上品濃16-48北緯35度26分14.1秒 東経139度32分56.2秒 / 北緯35.437250度 東経139.548944度 / 35.437250; 139.548944座標: 北緯35度26分14.1秒 東経139度32分56.2秒 / 北緯35.437250度 東経139.548944度 / 35.437250...

 

Féchín of Fore

Irish saint SaintFéchín of ForeIrish saint, monastic founderSaint Féchín statue at Fore AbbeyPersonal detailsBornClaimed by the Luigne, Gailenga and FothairtDied665ParentsLassair (mother)SainthoodFeast day20 JanuaryVenerated inCatholicism Anglicanism [citation needed]PatronageFore Abbey, Cong Abbey, Omey Island, Ardoilén, Saint Féchín or Féichín (died 665), also known as Mo-Ecca, was a 7th-century Irish saint, chiefly remembered as the founder of the monastery at Fore (Fobar)...