Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Kolebira block

Kolebira
Community development block
Kolebira is located in Jharkhand
Kolebira
Kolebira
Location in Jharkhand
Kolebira is located in India
Kolebira
Kolebira
Kolebira (India)
Coordinates: 22°42′27″N 84°41′36″E / 22.7074°N 84.6932°E / 22.7074; 84.6932
Country India
StateJharkhand
DistrictSimdega
Government
 • TypeFederal democracy
Area
 • Total437.44 km2 (168.90 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total71,283
 • Density160/km2 (420/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi, Urdu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
835211
Telephone/STD code0625
Vehicle registrationJH 20
Literacy70.40%
Lok Sabha constituencyKhunti
Vidhan Sabha constituencyKolebira
Websitesimdega.nic.in

Kolebira block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Simdega subdivision of Simdega district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

History

Gumla district was carved out of Ranchi district in 1983. Till 30 April 2001, Simdega was a subdivision of Gumla district and was made a separate district from that date.[1]

Maoist activities

According to a PIB release in 2018, Simdega is one of the thirty districts most affected by Left wing extremism in the country (along with twelve other districts of Jharkhand). “The terrain of the district is very tough and geography is favourable for naxal activities.” All police stations in the district are well fortified and equipped to handle the situation. Community policing activities are being prioritised to involve the simple village folk.[2][3]

Hemant Soren, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against left wing extremism, the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.[4]

Geography

Simdega district lies in the south-western part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It has been described as “a dissected upland of ancient crystalline rocks” The general elevation of the district is 300 to 700 metres (980 to 2,300 ft) above mean sea level. The landscape is formed of hills and undulating plateau. The Major rivers of this area are Sankh, Deo, Girwa, and Palamara.[5][6]

Kolebira CD block has an area of 437.44 km2.[7]Kolebira police station serves Kolebira CD block.[8] The headquarters of Kolebira CD block is located at Kolebira village.[9]

Kolebira CD block is bounded by Basia in Gumla district on the north, Bano CD block on the east, Jaldega CD block on the south, and Thethaitangar and Simdega CD blocks on the west.[10][11]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Kolebira CD block had a total population of 71,283, all of which were rural. There were 35,993 (50%) males and 35,290 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 11,437. Scheduled Castes numbered 9,292 (13.04%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 44,590 (62.55%).[7]

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kolebira CD block was 42,131 (70.40% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 23,248 (77.33% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 18,883 (63.40% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.92%.[7]

As of 2011 census, literacy in Simdega district was 67.59%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[12] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[13]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of
Simdega district
Simdega Sadar subdivision
Simdega – 67.86%
Pakartanr – 70.04%
Kurdeg – 67.52%
Kersai – 67.80%
Bolba – 63.26%
Thethaitangar – 66.73%
Kolebira – 70.40%
Jaldega – 64.89
Bansjore – 61.47%
Bano – 63.43%
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data


Language and religion

Languages of Kolebira block (2011)[14]

  Sadri (43.25%)
  Mundari (29.10%)
  Kharia (20.60%)
  Hindi (3.62%)
  Urdu (0.91%)
  Others (2.52%)

According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Kolebira subdistrict, Hindi was the mother-tongue of 33,874 persons forming 47.70% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Mundari (19,012/ 28.83%), Kharia (14,686/20.68%), Urdu (647, 0.91%), Kurukh (578/ 0.81%), Odia (513, 0.72) and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (243/ 0.34%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 25,291 persons having Sadri/ Sadan, 5,542 persons having Nagpuri as mother-tongue.[14]


Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 300 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 300 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[15]

Religions in Kolebira CD block (2011)[16]
Religion Percent
Christianity
45.95%
Hinduism
37.59%
Sarna
12.75%
Islam
3.09%
Other or not stated
0.62%

According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Kolebira subdistrict, Christians numbered 32,753 and formed 45.95% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Hindus (26,798/ 37.59%), Muslims (2,204/ 3.09%), persons who did not state their religion (279/ 0.39%), and ‘Other religious communities’ (9,249/ 12.98%).[16]

Scheduled Tribes numbered 424,407 and formed 70.78% of the total population of Simdega district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Munda, Patars (33.61%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (25.42%), Oraon, Dhangar Oraons (20.13%), Gonds (5.77%) and Lohras (5.32%).[17]

Economy

Overview

The District Census Handbook, Simdega, mentions, “Simdega is one of the least developed districts in the country... As per the survey conducted for the year 1997 –2002 five-year plan more than 60% of population is below poverty line.”[18] Another report says that 80% and over of the population of Simdega district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.[19] In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Simdega district came down to 38.26%.[20] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019),"the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."[21]

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Kolebira CD block

  Cultivators (60.25%)
  Agricultural labourers (25.07%)
  Household industries (2.68%)
  Other Workers (11.99%)

In Kolebira CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,939 and formed 60.25%, agricultural labourers numbered 9,128 and formed 25.07%, household industry workers numbered 977 and formed 2.68% and other workers numbered 4,367 and formed 11.99%. Total workers numbered 36,411 and formed 51.08% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 34,872 and formed 48.92% of the population.[22]

Infrastructure

There are 53 inhabited villages in Kolebira CD block. In 2011, 27 villages had power supply. 1 village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 53 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 53 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 5 villages had post offices, 8 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephone (land lines), 38 villages had mobile phone coverage. 53 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 17 villages had bus service (public/ private), 13 villages had autos/ modified autos, 5 villages had taxi/ vans, 22 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies, 27 villages had ration shops, 34 villages had assembly polling stations.[23]

Agriculture

According to the District Census Handbook, Simdega, the rural population depends mainly on agriculture for a living. Agriculture in Simdega is in a very primitive state. The district has about 32% of forested area. Out of 1,34,024 hectares of cultivable land only 4,669.83 hectares of land is irrigated. Agriculture is mainly dependent on seasonal rain. The average rainfall of the district is 1100–1200 mm but much of it remains unutilised.[24]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Simdega district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[25][26]

Education

Kolebira CD block had 15 villages with pre-primary schools, 50 villages with primary schools, 32 villages with middle schools, 6 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, all villages have educational facility.[27]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

S.K.Bage College was established in 1985 at Kolebira.[28][29]

Culture

Kolebira is surrounded with rock mountain and having old temples . Six Major Temples are 1. Mahadev Sharna Shiv Temple, Near Kolebira Dam, 2. Devi Gudi, Durga Temple near High School, 3. Mahaveer Mandir Near bano Chowk, 4. Bhagwan Jagannath Temple at Bhawar Pahar and 5. Ramnavmi Mandir at Ramnavmi Pahar and 6. Bhaghchandi Mandir 10 km From Kolebira .

Healthcare

Kolebira CD block had 1 village with primary health centre, 14 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensary/ health centres, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 11 villages with medicine shops.[27]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

There is a Community Health Centre (hospital) at Kolebira.[30]

References

  1. ^ "Gumla". About district. Gumla district authorities. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Maoist and Naxal activities in the country". 1 August 2018. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  3. ^ "District Police Profile Simdega". Security Scenario. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  4. ^ "Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren". The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  5. ^ "District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 8: Physical aspects. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  6. ^ "Ground Water Information Booklet Simdega District, Jharkhand State" (PDF). 4. Hydrology. Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  7. ^ a b c "District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  8. ^ "District Police Profile - Simdega". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  9. ^ "District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Simdega district on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  10. ^ "Simdega CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  11. ^ "Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  12. ^ "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  13. ^ "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  17. ^ "District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  18. ^ "District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 9 : District Development Scenario, Agriculture. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  22. ^ "District Census Handbook 2011 Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 53 and 56. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  23. ^ "District Census Handbook, Simdega, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 222-226 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  24. ^ "District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 9 : Forest, Agriculture. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  25. ^ "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  26. ^ "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  27. ^ a b "District Census Handbook Simdega 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 222-224. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  28. ^ "S.K.Bage College, Kolebira". IndCareer. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  29. ^ "S.K.Bage College". Sarkari Exams. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Hospitals". Simdega district administration. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

Read other articles:

Mehdi Mostefa Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Mehdi Mostefa SbaaTanggal lahir 30 Agustus 1983 (umur 40)Tempat lahir Dijon, PrancisTinggi 1,81 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini AC AjaccioNomor 14Karier junior1994–1997 Fontaine-les-Dijon FC1997–1998 Dijon1998–2003 MonacoKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2004–2005 Valence 37 (1)2005–2006 Montluçon - (-)2006–2007 Sète 31 (4)2007–2011 Nîmes 140 (7)2011– Ajaccio 36 (3)Tim…

  Mamón Estado de conservaciónPreocupación menor (UICN 3.1)[1]​TaxonomíaReino: PlantaeDivisión: MagnoliophytaClase: MagnoliopsidaOrden: SapindalesFamilia: SapindaceaeGénero: MelicoccusEspecie: Melicoccus bijugatusJacq. 1760[editar datos en Wikidata] Tronco y copa Frutos maduros Melicoccus bijugatus, de nombre común mamón, mamoncillo, huaya o quenepa (entre otros), es un árbol frutal de la familia de las sapindáceas, naturalizado en la zona intertropical de Am

ДаннельбурDannelbourg   Країна  Франція Регіон Гранд-Ест  Департамент Мозель  Округ Саррбур-Шато-Сален Кантон Фальсбур Код INSEE 57169 Поштові індекси 57820 Координати 48°44′38″ пн. ш. 7°14′10″ сх. д.H G O Висота 219 - 362 м.н.р.м. Площа 2,95 км² Населення 496 (01-2020[1]) Густота 168,…

Аджа Лябіб фр. Hadja Lahbib Міністр закордонних справ Бельгії Нині на посадіНа посаді з 15 липня 2022Монарх Філіп IПрем'єр-міністр Александер де КрооПопередник Софі ВільмесНародилася 21 червня 1970(1970-06-21) (53 роки)Буссу, Arrondissement of Monsd, Ено, БельгіяВідома як журналістка, ведуча новин…

Ivan Lenđer Persönliche Informationen Name: Ivan Lenđer Nation: Jugoslawien Sozialistische Föderative Republik Jugoslawien (bis 2003)Serbien und Montenegro Serbien u. Mont. (bis 2006)Serbien Serbien Schwimmstil(e): Schmetterling Verein: Proleter Zrenjanin Geburtstag: 29. Juli 1990 Geburtsort: Zrenjanin Größe: 1,86 m Gewicht: 83 kg Medaillen  Kurzbahneuropameisterschaften Bronze 2009 Istanbul 100 m Schmetterl.  Mittelmeerspiele Gold 2009 Pescara 100 m Schm…

إليتشي     الإحداثيات 42°31′00″N 13°58′00″E / 42.516666666667°N 13.966666666667°E / 42.516666666667; 13.966666666667  [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد إيطاليا[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة بسكارا  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 14.31 كيلومتر مربع (9 أكتوبر 2011)[3]  ارتفاع 259 متر  عدد السكان  …

The Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration deals with American diplomacy, and political, economic, military, and cultural relationships with the rest of the world during the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson, 1913–1921. Although Wilson had no experience in foreign policy, he made all the major decisions, usually with the top advisor Edward M. House. His foreign policy was based on the messianic philosophical viewpoint wherein he imagined America had the utmost obligation to spread its …

Brazilian beach soccer player (born 1984) In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is da Silva and the second or paternal family name is Xavier. Bruno Xavier Bruno Xavier at the 2015 World Cup qualifiersPersonal informationFull name Bruno da Silva XavierDate of birth (1984-08-15) 15 August 1984 (age 39)Place of birth Vitória, BrazilHeight 1.79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Position(s) DefenderInternational career‡Years Team Apps (Gls)2008– Brazil 140 (202…

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem Schauspieler Denny Miller. Zum Wirtschaftswissenschaftler siehe Danny Miller. Denny Miller (2007) Denny Scott Miller (gebürtig Dennis Linn Miller; * 25. April 1934 in Bloomington, Indiana; † 9. September 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada) war ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler. Bekannt wurde er insbesondere durch seine Hauptrolle in Tarzan, der Herr des Urwaldes sowie als Darsteller der Fernsehserie Wagon Train. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Filmografie (Auswahl) 3 …

South Korean TV series or program My Healing LovePromotional posterGenreDramaWritten byWon Young-okDirected byKim Sung-yongStarringSo Yoo-jinYeon Jung-hoonYoon Jong-hoonCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes80ProductionProduction companiesChorokbaem MediaKim Jong-hak ProductionOriginal releaseNetworkMBC TVReleaseOctober 14, 2018 (2018-10-14) –March 3, 2019 (2019-03-03) My Healing Love (Korean: 내사랑 치유기; RR: Nae Sa…

Onitis pecuarius Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Scarabaeidae Genus: Onitis Spesies: Onitis pecuarius Onitis pecuarius adalah spesies kumbang yang berasal dari genus Onitis dan famili Scarabaeidae. Kumbang ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Kumbang ini memiliki antena yang terdiri dari plat yang disebut lamela. Referensi Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolso…

Templo III de Tikal. El templo del Gran Sacerdote, o también llamado templo III, es un templo funerario-ceremonial, que fue construido en el año 810 d.c. por la civilización maya, siendo una edificación que forma parte de la ciudad más grande del período maya clásico-tardío: Tikal, situada actualmente en la región de Petén, Guatemala. Historia Vista del Templo del Gran Sacerdote, (en la imagen el de más a la derecha), desde el Templo IV o Templo de la Serpiente Bicéfala en el complej…

Distribuição de NRHPs nos condados de Montana. Edifícios, locais, distritos e objetos no Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos em Montana. Desde 7 de fevereiro de 2014[1] existem 1 137 propriedades e distritos do Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos listados em 55 dos 56 condados de Montana, incluindo os 26 nomeados no Marco Histórico Nacional. O condado de Flathead é o que contem a maior quantidade de registros, enquanto outros quatro condados possuem apenas um registro cada um…

1982 Doctor Who serial118[1] – KindaDoctor Who serialCastDoctor Peter Davison – Fifth Doctor Companions Matthew Waterhouse – Adric Sarah Sutton – Nyssa Janet Fielding – Tegan Jovanka Others Richard Todd – Sanders Nerys Hughes – Todd Simon Rouse – Hindle Mary Morris – Panna Sarah Prince – Karuna Adrian Mills – Aris Lee Cornes – Trickster Jeff Stewart – Dukkha Anna Wing – Anatta Roger Milner – Annica ProductionDirected byPeter GrimwadeWritten byChristo…

Basketball player selection 2010 NBA draftGeneral informationSportBasketballDate(s)June 24, 2010LocationMadison Square Garden (New York City)Network(s)ESPNOverview60 total selections in 2 roundsLeagueNBAFirst selectionJohn Wall (Washington Wizards)← 20092011 → The 2010 NBA draft was held on June 24, 2010, at the Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The draft, which started at 7:00 pm Eastern Daylight Time (2300 UTC), was broadcast in the United State…

?Карибська рифова акула Охоронний статус Близький до загрозливого (МСОП 2.3) Біологічна класифікація Домен: Ядерні (Eukaryota) Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Підцарство: Справжні багатоклітинні (Eumetazoa) Тип: Хордові (Chordata) Підтип: Черепні (Craniata) Надклас: Щелепні (Gnathostomata) Клас: …

Type of electrically fired detonator This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Diagram of a Slapper Detonator A slapper detonator, also called exploding foil initiator (EFI), is a detonator developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, US Patent N…

Vessel for detecting and destroying naval mines This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Minehunter – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A US Navy coastal minehunter A minehunting ROV of the German Navy with explosive charges un…

Public secondary school in Lemont, Illinois, United StatesLemont High SchoolAddress800 Porter StreetLemont, Illinois 60439United StatesCoordinates41°40′27″N 87°59′28″W / 41.6742°N 87.991°W / 41.6742; -87.991InformationSchool typePublic SecondaryEstablished1906School districtLemont HS 210SuperintendentDr. Mary Ticknor[1]CEEB code142590[3]PrincipalMr. Eric Michaelsen[1]Teaching staff94.18 (FTE)[2]Grades9–12GendercoedEnrollment1,…

2012 Indian filmMuppozhudhum Un KarpanaigalPosterDirected byElred KumarScreenplay byElred KumarStory byElred KumarProduced byJayaramanElred KumarJamesStarringAtharvaaAmala PaulCinematographyShakthiEdited byAnthony L. RubenMusic byG. V. Prakash KumarProductioncompanyR. S. InfotainmentRelease date 17 February 2012 (2012-02-17) Running time140 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTamil Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal (transl. Imagining you, all the time) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language roman…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya

Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.217.8.171