Kim Hyŏnggwŏn

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.
Kim Hyŏnggwŏn
김형권
Kim Hyŏnggwŏn in prison with a name tag
Born(1905-11-04)4 November 1905
Nam Ri, Kopyong Sub-county, Taedong County, South Pyongan Province, Korean Empire
Died12 January 1936(1936-01-12) (aged 30) (in captivity)
Seodaemun Prison, Seoul, Korea[1]
Resting placeRevolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery
NationalityKorean
OccupationGuerrilla
OrganizationYoung Communist League of Korea[2]
Parent(s)Kim Pohyŏn (father)
Lee Bo-ik (mother)
RelativesKim dynasty
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
김형권
Hancha
金亨權
Revised RomanizationGim Hyeonggwon
McCune–ReischauerKim Hyŏnggwŏn[3]

Kim Hyŏnggwŏn (Korean: 김형권; 4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936) was a Korean revolutionary. He is known for attacking a Japanese police station in Japanese-occupied Korea and subsequently dying in Seoul's Seodaemun Prison where he was serving his sentence.

Kim Hyŏnggwŏn was an uncle of the founding North Korean leader, Kim Il Sung.[2] As such, he is among the most celebrated of the Kim family members in North Korean propaganda. Kimhyonggwon County in North Korea is named after him.

Personal life

The barracks of Seodaemun Prison during winter.
Seodaemun Prison, where Kim Hyŏnggwŏn died, was used for keeping anti-colonial activists in custody.

In his youth, Kim Hyŏnggwŏn studied in Sunhwa school near his home in present-day Mangyongdae, Pyongyang.[4]

Kim was a revolutionary fighter and an active communist in the 1930s. His personality has been described as "hot-tempered".[5] In August 1930, he led a small detachment of guerrillas across the Amnok (Yalu) river to Japanese-occupied Korea from Manchuria.[2] His small group's actions near Pungsan at that time got noticed by the Japanese press.[6] He captured two Japanese police cars, and both of these acts occurred in mountainous terrain.[7][8] Some time after attacking a Japanese police station in Pungsan, he was arrested near Hongwon.[7] He was sentenced to 15 years in prison when he was 28 years old. He died on 12 January 1936, during his sentence in Seoul's Seodaemun Prison,[9][10][11] where anti-Japanese dissidents were detained from 1910 to 1945 in cruel conditions.[12]

Kim Il Sung remarks in his autobiography With the Century, that it was a corrupt yet close Manchurian local official, Chae Jin-yong, who betrayed his uncle and became an informer against him.[10]

Legacy

Bust at the Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery

Kim Hyŏnggwŏn is among the most important Kim family members in propaganda, and comparable in that context to other prominent family members like Kim Il Sung's father Kim Hyong-jik, or great grandfather Kim Ŭngu, who is claimed to have been involved in the General Sherman incident.[3][13] North Korean propaganda insists that most family members were in some way participating in the foundation of the North Korean state and among them Kim Hyŏnggwŏn is portrayed as having been sacrificed for anti-Japanese struggle and the revolution.[3]

Kim Hyŏnggwŏn was included into the personality cult in 1976.[14] North Korean media uses similar honorifics for him as they use with Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Un and Kim Jong Suk.[15]

Kimhyonggwon County, previously known as Pungsan, in southeastern Ryanggang Province, was renamed after him in August 1990.[16] There is also a Kim Hyong Gwon Teachers' College named after him, and Hamnam University of Education Nr. 1 was renamed Kim Hyong Gwon University of Education in 1990. Both of them are in Sinpo.[17] Various sites of honor and statues have been made in Kim's memory. Once every five years, a ceremony is held on the days of his death and birth.[3]

A North Korean film A Fire Burning All Over the World was made in 1977. It deals with both Kang Pan Sok and Kim Hyŏnggwŏn's revolutionary deeds. The film was also the first one to portray Kim Il Sung.[3]

In 2010, South Korea awarded Kim Hyŏnggwŏn the Patriotic Medal, 4th grade of the Order of Merit for National Foundation, for his role in the independence movement apparently without knowing that he was a relative of Kim Il Sung.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [29].
  2. ^ a b c An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [5].
  3. ^ a b c d e Jae-Cheon Lim (24 March 2015). Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-56740-0.
  4. ^ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [7].
  5. ^ Bradley K. Martin (1 April 2007). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. St. Martin's Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4299-0699-9.
  6. ^ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [14].
  7. ^ a b An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [12].
  8. ^ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, pp. [18–19].
  9. ^ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [5], [29].
  10. ^ a b Cathcart, Adam (14 January 2012). "Historical Allegories and Revolutionary Credentials: Jang Song Taek". Sino-NK. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Kim Il Sung's Life to the Korean War". KoreanHistory.info. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  12. ^ "Seodaemun Prison". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  13. ^ Whyte, Leon (21 March 2014). "Anti-Americanism in South Korea: Why one of our closest allies has mixed feelings". smallcrowdedworld.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  14. ^ Jae-Cheon Lim (September 2010). "Institutionalization of the cult of the Kims: its implications for North Korean political succession". ResearchGate. Retrieved 11 July 2015. North Korean media uses similar honorifics for him as they use with Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Un and Kim Jong Suk.
  15. ^ "NK Media Using Honorific Language on Heir Apparent". The Dong-A Ilbo. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  16. ^ Yonhap News Agency, Seoul (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5.
  17. ^ Dormels, Rainer (2014). "Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Sinpho" (PDF). University of Vienna. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  18. ^ 박, 희석 (August 2016). 북한 김일성 일가 우상화에 '동조'한 박승춘 보훈처. Monthly Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved 14 February 2021.

Sources

Further reading

Read other articles:

Green Flash (lagu)

Green FlashSingel oleh AKB48dari album 0 to 1 no AidaSisi-BMajisuka FightHaru no Hikari Chikadzuita NatsuYankee RockSekai ga Naiteru NaraHakimono to Kasa no MonogatariPunkishAisatsu kara HajimeyouOtona ResshaHatsukoi no OshibeDirilis4 Maret 2015 (2015-03-04)FormatSingel CD, unduhan digitalGenreJ-popR&BRapDurasi4:35LabelYou, Be Cool! / KingPenciptaYasushi Akimoto (lirik)Kronologi singel AKB48 Kibōteki Refrain (2014) Green Flash (2015) Bokutachi wa Tatakawanai (2015) Video musikAKB48 ...

 

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1887 (كرة مضرب)

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (أغسطس 2023) البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1887 رقم الفعالية 7  البلد الولايات المتحدة  الت�...

 

Mata ayam (tumbuhan)

Mata ayam Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Magnoliophyta Kelas: Magnoliopsida Ordo: Arecales Famili: Myrsinaceae Genus: Ardisia Spesies: A. crispa Nama binomial Ardisia crispa Mata ayam atau juga dikenali sebagai mata pelanduk adalah tumbuhan renek yang mempunyai daun yang memanjang dan bergeligih. Tumbuhan ini merupakan sejenis tumbuhan tropikal. Nama sainsnya Ardisia crispa. Pokok Mata Pelanduk/Mata Ayam. Pengidentifikasi taksonArdisia crispa Wikidata: Q11294922 Wikispecie...

Tirant le Blanc

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Tirant. Pour le film, voir Tirant le Blanc (film). Tirant le Blanc Page de garde de la traduction espagnole (1511) de Tirante el Blanco. Auteur Joanot Martorell Pays  Royaume de Valence Genre roman chevaleresque Version originale Langue catalan-valencien Titre Tirant lo Blanc Lieu de parution Valence Date de parution 1490 Version française Traducteur Anne Claude de Caylus Date de parution 1737 modifier  Tirant le Blanc (titre original en catalan-v...

 

German submarine U-904

German World War II submarine U-570 Type VIIC submarine that was captured by the British in 1941. This U-boat is almost identical to U-904. History Nazi Germany NameU-904 Ordered16 July 1942 BuilderFlender Werke AG, Lübeck Yard number330 Laid down10 September 1942 Launched7 August 1943 Commissioned25 September 1943 FateScuttled on 4 May 1945 General characteristics Class and typeType VIIC submarine Displacement 769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged Length 6...

 

Tartu

Second most populous city in Estonia For other uses, see Tartu (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Tartus or Dorpat (disambiguation). City in Tartu County, EstoniaTartuCityTartuFrom top: View of Tartu, Tartu old town, Estonian National Museum, University of Tartu, Town Hall SquareNickname: Capital of Southern Estonia[1][2]Motto(s): Heade mõtete linn(City of good thoughts)TartuLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeTartuLocation within Baltic Sea regionShow ma...

Constant Permeke

Belgian painter and sculptor (1886–1952) Permeke redirects here. For the 1985 documentary film, see Permeke (film). Constant Permeke (1886–1952); painter, draftsman, sculptor, by Frits Van den Berghe, collection Felixarchief Constant Permeke (Dutch: [kɔ̃ˈstɑ̃ː pɛrˈmeːkə]; 31 July 1886 – 4 January 1952) was a Belgian painter and sculptor who is considered the leading figure of Flemish Expressionism. Biography Permeke was born in Antwerp but when he was six years old the...

 

Carlton Television

ITV weekday service for London This article is about the London franchise. For other Carlton-branded franchises, see Carlton Central and Carlton Westcountry. For Carlton's owner, see Carlton Communications. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Carlton Television – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

جائزة النمسا الكبرى 1975

جائزة النمسا الكبرى 1975 (بالألمانية: VIII Austrian Grand Prix)‏  السباق 12 من أصل 14 في بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1975 السلسلة بطولة العالم لسباقات فورمولا 1 موسم 1975  البلد النمسا  التاريخ 17 أغسطس 1975 مكان التنظيم ستيفن سبيلبرغ، شتايرمارك، النمسا طول المسار 5.911 كيل�...

Baehr v. Miike

Lawsuit against Hawaii's prohibition of same-sex marriage Baehr v. MiikeCourtSupreme Court of HawaiiFull case nameNinia Baehr, Genora Dancel, Tammy Rodrigues, Antoinette Pregil, Pat Lagon, Jeseph Mellilo, Plaintiffs-Appelleesv.Lawrence H. Miike, in his official capacity as Director of the Department of Health, State of Hawaii, Defendant-Appellant DecidedDecember 9, 1999Citation(s)Supreme Court of Hawaii No. 20371Case historyPrior action(s)Baehr v. Lewin, 74 Haw. 530, 852 P.2d 44 (1993), recon...

 

Drumheller Fountain

Fountain in Seattle, Washington, U.S. Drumheller FountainLocationSeattle, Washington Drumheller Fountain is an outdoor fountain on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington, in the United States.[1] The fountain was given its name in 1961 to honor the University Regent Joseph Drumheller, who gifted the central fountain machinery to the University for its centennial celebration.[2] A duck ramp, built for the spring of 2021, attached to Drumheller Fountain. Sinc...

 

ناردن (هولندا)

ناردن ‏Naarden مدينة وبلدية سابقة منظر فضائي لمدينة ناردن التاريخية علم ناردن ‏Naardenعلمشعار ناردن ‏Naardenشعار الاسم الرسمي (بالهولندية: Naarden)‏  Highlighted position of Naarden in a municipal map of North Hollandالموقع في شمال-هولندا الإحداثيات 52°18′N 5°10′E / 52.300°N 5.167°E / 52.300; 5.167 تقسيم إد�...

Union Station (Toronto)

Railway station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada This article is about the railway station. For the adjacent subway station of the same name, see Union station (TTC). For the adjacent bus station, see Union Station Bus Terminal. Toronto Union Station redirects here. For other uses, see Toronto Union Station (disambiguation). Union StationEastward view along the Front Street facadeGeneral informationLocation65 Front Street WestToronto, OntarioCanadaCoordinates43°38′43″N 79°22′50″W...

 

Bamum script

Set of scripts for the Bamum language of Cameroon BamumA book in the sixth Bamum script, c. 1910.Script type Syllabary Time periodc. 1896, moribund c. 1931, revived c. 2007DirectionLeft-to-right LanguagesBamumRelated scriptsChild systemsBagam?ISO 15924ISO 15924Bamu (435), ​BamumUnicodeUnicode aliasBamumUnicode rangeU+A6A0–U+A6FF BamumU+16800–U+16A3F Bamum Supplement This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an...

 

Prima Divisione IFL 2015

IFL 2015Prima Divisione IFL Competizione Italian Football League Sport Football americano Edizione 8ª Organizzatore Italian Football League Date dal 7 marzoal 4 luglio 2015 Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 12 Formula Due gironi + playoff e playout Sede finale Velodromo Maspes-Vigorelli, Milano Sito web IFL League Cronologia della competizione Prima Divisione IFL 2014 Prima Divisione IFL 2016 Manuale Briganti Rhinos Seamen Panthers Giants Warriors Dolphins Grizzlies Marines Giaguari A...

Olívio Dutra

Olívio Dutra Ministro de Ciudades de Brasil 1 de enero de 2003-20 de julio de 2005Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaPredecesor Cargo CreadoSucesor Marcio Fortes de Almeida 34°Gobernador de Río Grande del Sur 1 de enero de 1999-1 de enero de 2003Vicegobernador Miguel RossettoPredecesor Antônio BrittoSucesor Germano Rigotto Alcalde de Porto Alegre 1 de enero de 1989-1 de enero de 1993Predecesor Alceu de Deus CollaresSucesor Tarso Genro Diputado Federal de Brasilpor Río Grande del Sur 1 ...

 

Saint-Antoine-la-Forêt

Saint-Antoine-la-Forêtcomune Saint-Antoine-la-Forêt – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Senna Marittima ArrondissementLe Havre CantoneBolbec TerritorioCoordinate49°32′N 0°28′E49°32′N, 0°28′E (Saint-Antoine-la-Forêt) Altitudine10 e 137 m s.l.m. Superficie6,44 km² Abitanti1 024[1] (2009) Densità159,01 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale76170 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE76556 CartografiaSaint-Antoi...

 

Air Transat

Air Transat Un Airbus A330-343X de Air Transat. IATATS OACITSC IndicativoTRANSAT Fundación 1986Aeropuerto principal Aeropuerto Internacional de Montréal-TrudeauAeropuerto Internacional Toronto PearsonAeropuerto Internacional de VancouverAeropuerto secundario Aeropuerto internacional Jean-Lesage de QuebecAeropuerto Internacional de CalgarySede central Montreal, QuebecFlota 40[1]​[2]​Destinos 75Compañía Transat A.T.Director ejecutivo Allen GrahamPágina web airtransat.com[e...

Andy Razaf

Andy RazafHoneysuckle Rose d'Andy Razaf, à Paris (session de 1937).BiographieNaissance 16 décembre 1895WashingtonDécès 3 février 1973 (à 77 ans)HollywoodSépulture Cimetière Angelus-Rosedale (en)Nom de naissance Andriamanantena Paul RazafinkarefoPseudonyme Andy RazafNationalité américaineActivités Compositeur, chroniqueur de presse, auteur-compositeur, écrivain, poète, parolierPère Henri Razafkeriefo (d)Mère Jennie Waller (d)Conjoint Jean Blackwell Hutson (en) (de 1941 à 1...

 

Michal Lahav

Israeli chess player Michal LahavLahav at the 2017 Andorra openCountryIsraelBorn (1999-10-03) 3 October 1999 (age 25)TitleWoman International Master (2019)Peak rating2286 (January 2020) Michal Lahav (born 3 October 1999) is an Israeli chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2019). She was an Israeli Women's Chess Championship winner in 2016. Biography In 2016, Lahav won Israeli Women's Chess Championship.[1][2] In 2016, she ranked 3r...