Kant's antinomies

The antinomies, from the Critique of Pure Reason, are contradictions which Immanuel Kant argued follow necessarily from our attempts to cognize the nature of transcendent reality by means of pure reason.

Kant thought that some certain antinomies of his (God and Freedom) could be resolved as "Postulates of Practical Reason". He used them to describe the equally rational-but-contradictory results of applying the universe of pure thought to the categories or criteria, i.e. applying reason proper to the universe of sensible perception or experience (phenomena). Empirical reason cannot here play the role of establishing rational truths because it goes beyond possible experience and is applied to the sphere of that which transcends it.

Overview

Kant's antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.[1]

The first two antinomies are dubbed "mathematical" antinomies, presumably because in each case we are concerned with the relation between what are alleged to be sensible objects (either the world itself, or objects in it) and space and time. The second two are dubbed "dynamical" antinomies, presumably because the proponents of the thesis are not committing themselves solely to claims about spatio-temporal objects.[2][3][4]

The mathematical antinomies

The first antinomy (of space and time)

  • Thesis:
    • The world has a beginning in time, and is also limited as regards space.
  • Anti-thesis:
    • The world has no beginning, and no limits in space; it is infinite as regards both time and space.

The second antinomy (of atomism)

  • Thesis:
    • Every composite substance in the world is made up of simple parts, and nothing anywhere exists save the simple or what is composed of the simple.
  • Anti-thesis:
    • No composite thing in the world is made up of simple parts, and there nowhere exists in the world anything simple.

The dynamical antinomies

The third antinomy (of spontaneity and causal determinism)

  • Thesis:
    • Causality in accordance with laws of nature is not the only causality from which the appearances of the world can one and all be derived. To explain these appearances it is necessary to assume that there is also another causality, that of Spontaneity.
  • Anti-thesis:
    • There is no Spontaneity; everything in the world takes place solely in accordance with laws of nature.

The fourth antinomy (of necessary being or not)

  • Thesis:
    • There belongs to the world, either as its part or as its cause, a being that is absolutely necessary.
  • Anti-thesis:
    • An absolutely necessary being nowhere exists in the world, nor does it exist outside the world as its cause.

References

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911), Vol. 2.
  2. ^ S. Al-Azm, The Origins of Kant's Argument in the Antinomies, Oxford University Press 1972.
  3. ^ M. Grier (2001). Kant's Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780511498145.
  4. ^ M. Grier, "The Logic of Illusion and the Antinomies," in Bird (ed.), A Companion to Kant, Blackwell, Oxford 2006, pp. 192-207.

Read other articles:

Allocasuarina distyla

Allocasurina distyla Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Australia Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiosperma (tanpa takson): Eudikotil (tanpa takson): Rosidae Ordo: Fagales Famili: Casuarinaceae Genus: Allocasuarina Spesies: A. distyla Nama binomial Allocasuarina distylaL.A.S.Johnson Allocasuarina distyla, atau (Inggris), adalah sejenis semak dari familia pohon Ek Casuarinaceae. Semak ini merupakan tumbuhan endemik New South Wales. Deskripsi Tumbuhan ini merupakan tu...

 

International Kite Festival in Gujarat – Uttarayan

Festival in India This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (January 2017) International Kite FestivalMakar SankrantiManja (the thread with which the kite is flown) maker in a kite market, 13 January 2007GenrekitesDates14 January every yearFrequencyAnnuallyLocation(s)IndiaYears active1989— presentWebsitewww.gujarattourism.com Every year, Gujarat celebrates more than 200 festivals. The Internationa...

 

Palais des Papes

Pusat Sejarah Avignon: Tempat Kepausan, Ensembel Episkopal dan Jembatan AvignonSitus Warisan Dunia UNESCOKriteriaKebudayaan: i, ii, ivNomor identifikasi228Pengukuhan1995 (Sesi ke-19) Pemandangan salah satu pintu gerbang di istana tersebut Peta istana pada 1914. Palais des Papes (Istana Para Paus, lo Palais dei Papas dalam bahasa Occitan) adalah sebuah istana bersejarah di Avignon, sebelah selatan Prancis, salah satu bangunan Gothik Abad Pertengahan terbesar dan paling berpengaruhi di Ero...

Lollipop Luxury

2008 single by Jeffree Star The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: Lollipop Luxury – news · newspapers · books · schol...

 

Marmot

Genus of mammals (large ground squirrels) For other uses, see Marmot (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Marmoset. MarmotsTemporal range: Late Miocene – recent Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae Tribe: Marmotini Genus: MarmotaBlumenbach, 1779 Type species Marmota marmota Species 15, see text Marmots are large ground squirrels in the genus Marmota, with 15 speci...

 

Pamyat

Russian ultranationalist organization For other uses, see Pamyat (disambiguation). National Patriotic Front Memory Национально-патриотический фронт «Память»AbbreviationNPF Pamyat (English)НПФ «Память» (Russian)LeaderDmitri Vasilyev (1988—2003) Nikolay Skorodumov (2003—2021)FounderDmitri VasilyevFounded1980 (1980)Dissolved10 June 2021 (2021-06-10)Preceded byVityazHeadquartersMoscowNewspaperPamyatMembership3,000Ideolo...

Armata Rossa

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Armata Rossa (disambigua). Armata Rossa(RU) Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армияtrad. Armata Rossa degli Operai e dei Contadini Descrizione generaleAttiva15 gennaio 1918–25 febbraio 1946 Nazione RSFS Russa (1918–1922) Unione Sovietica (1922–1946) ServizioForza armata TipoEsercito RuoloGuerra terrestre Dimensione~6.000.000 uomini (1918-1922)~34.000.000 uomini (1941-1945) Stato MaggioreMosca...

 

برنارد تيفينيه

برنارد تيفينيه (بالفرنسية: Bernard Thévenet)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 10 يناير 1948 (العمر 76 سنة)فرنسا الجنسية  فرنسا الحياة العملية الدور دراج المهنة دراج  نوع السباق سباق الدراجات على الطريق بلد الرياضة فرنسا  الجوائز  نيشان الاستحقاق الوطني من رتبة ضابط  (1994) وسام...

 

David Bitan

David BitanLahir8 April 1960 (umur 64)Tempat lahirKenitra, MarokoTahun aliyah1965Knesset20, 21, 22, 23, 24Faksi yang diwakili di Knesset2015–Likud David Bitan (Ibrani: דוד ביטן, lahir 8 April 1960) adalah seorang pengacara dan politikus asal Israel. Ia sekarang menjabat sebagai anggota Knesset untuk Likud. Jaksa agung Israel Avichai Mandelblit mengumumkan pada 26 Januari 2020 bahwa Bitan telah melakukan penyuapan, kecurangan dan pelanggaran kepercayaan, serta pencucian uang dan ...

Wet Mountains

Mountain range in southern Colorado, United States Wet MountainsView of Wet Mountain Valley, west of mountain rangeHighest pointPeakGreenhorn Mountain[1]Elevation3,763 m (12,346 ft)Coordinates37°52′53″N 105°00′48″W / 37.88139°N 105.01333°W / 37.88139; -105.01333DimensionsLength20 mi (32 km) Nw-SENamingNative nameSierra Mojada (Spanish)GeographyWet MountainsWet Mountains in Colorado CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoC...

 

رئيسيات

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف الرئيسيات [1]العصر: الباليوسيني المتأخر–الوقت الحالي، 58–0 مليون سنة قك ك أ س د ف بر ث ج ط ب ن بعض أنواع الرئيسيات من اليمين إلى اليسار: الترسير الفلبيني والآيآي اللورس النحيل الأحمر والليمور حلقي الذيل الطمارين الأسدي ذهبي ال�...

 

Hisayasu Nagata

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Hisayasu Nagata永田 寿康 Anggota Dewan Perwakilan JepangMasa jabatan1999 – 31 Maret 2006Daerah pemilihanPrefektur Chiba Informasi pribadiLahir(1969-09-02)2 September 1969Nagoya, AichiMeninggal3 Januari 2009(2009-01-03) (umur 39)Keb...

Trondheim Jazz Orchestra

Norwegian jazz orchestral project Trondheim Jazz OrchestraCome Shine and TJO at the 2016 Nattjazz.Background informationOriginTrondheim, NorwayGenresJazzBig bandYears active1999–presentLabelsRune Grammofon Jazzaway MNJ RecordsMembersAnders Tveit, Anita Kaasbøll Atle Nymo, Øivind Brække Øyvind Brandtsegg, Øyvind Engen Bjørn Ole Solberg Bjørnar Habbestad Christian Jaksjø Christian Wallumrød Clare Cooper, Eirik Hegdal Eivind Lønning, Erik Eilertsen Erik Johannessen, Erlend Skomsvoll ...

 

Abjad numerals

Numeral system of the Arabic alphabet This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Abjad numerals – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2...

 

Biskuit

Varian biskuit dari Amerika (kiri) dan Inggris (kanan). Biskuit adalah produk jajanan renyah yang terbuat dari tepung terigu dan tambahan bahan makanan lain dengan cara dipanggang (kue kering). Biskuit memiliki istilah yang berbeda-beda di berbagai wilayah di dunia. Asal kata 'biskuit' atau ‘biscuit’ (dalam Bahasa Inggris) berasal dari Bahasa Latin, yaitu bis coctus yang berarti dimasak dua kali. Di Amerika, biskuit populer dengan sebutan cookie, yang berarti kue kecil yang dipanggang ata...

Lac Teletskoïe

Lac Teletskoïe Vue du lac Administration Pays Russie Sujet fédéral République de l'Altaï Géographie Coordonnées 51° 32′ 35″ N, 87° 41′ 15″ E Type Lac d'eau douce Superficie 233 km2 Longueur 78 km Largeur 5 km Périmètre 181 km Altitude 434 m Profondeur · Maximale · Moyenne 325 m174 m Volume 40 km3 Hydrographie Alimentation Tchoulychman Émissaire(s) Biia Géolocalisation sur la carte : Russie Lac T...

 

Maniisme

Bagian dari seri tentang Gnostisisme Gnostisisme Persia Mandaeisme Manikheisme Gnostisisme Suriah-Mesir Setian Tomasin Valentinian Basilidean Para Bapak Gnostisisme Kristen Simon Magus Cerinthus Marsion Valentinius Gnostisisme Awal Ofit Keni Karpokratian Borborit Gnostisisme Pertengahan Bogomil Kathar Teks-teks Gnostik Perpustakaan Nag Hammadi Kisah perbuatan Tomas Allogenes 1 Wahyu Yakobus 2 Wahyu Yakobus Apokrifon Yohanes Kitab-kitab Jeu Percakapan Juruselamat Wahyu Koptik Paulus Injil Kop...

 

Condado de Henao

Condado de HenaoGrafschaft Hennegau Comté de Hainaut Graafschap Henegouwen Estado del Sacro Imperio Romano 1071-1794BanderaEscudo Ubicación de Condado de HenaoCoordenadas 50°27′N 3°57′E / 50.45, 3.95Capital MonsEntidad Estado del Sacro Imperio RomanoIdioma oficial Francés (valón, picardo) y NeerlandésHistoria   • 1071 Edad Media • 1071 Consolidación del condado • 18 de agosto de 1477 Absorbido en Países Bajos de los Habsburgo • 151...

Silvio Spann

Silvio Spann Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Silvio SpannTanggal lahir 21 Agustus 1981 (umur 43)Tempat lahir Couva, Trinidad dan TobagoPosisi bermain GelandangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2000 Doc's Khelwalaas 2001 W Connection 2001-2002 Perugia 2002-2003 Sambenedettese 2003-2004 W Connection 2004 Dinamo Zagreb 2005 Yokohama FC 2006-2007 W Connection 2007-2010 Wrexham 2010- W Connection Tim nasional2002-2009 Trinidad dan Tobago 41 (2) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihit...

 

Castel Morrone

Castel Morrone Nước Ý Vùng Campania Tỉnh tỉnh Caserta (CE) Thị trưởng Độ cao m Diện tích 25,4 km² Dân số  - Tổng số (Tháng 12 năm 2004) 4007  - Mật độ 158/km² Múi giờ CET, UTC+1 Tọa độ 41°7′B 14°21′Đ / 41,117°B 14,35°Đ / 41.117; 14.350 Danh xưng morronesi Mã điện thoại 0823 Mã bưu điện 81020 Frazioni Annunziata, Balzi, Casale, Gradillo, Grottole, Largisi, Pianelli, S.Andrea e Torone Vị trí ...