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Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai
City
	Didžioji Street of the old town Kėdainiai Town Hall Evangelical Reformed Church Catholic Church of St. George Old architecture in Market Square Catholic Church of St. Joseph and its belfry Nevėžis River flowing through Kėdainiai
	Flag Coat of arms
	Kėdainiai Location of Kėdainiai
	Coordinates: 55°17′N 23°58′E / 55.283°N 23.967°E
Country	Lithuania
Ethnographic region	Aukštaitija
County	Kaunas County
Municipality	Kėdainiai district municipality
Eldership	Kėdainiai City Eldership
Capital of	Kėdainiai district municipality; Kėdainiai City Eldership
First mentioned	1372
Granted city rights	1590
Neighbourhoods	List Babėnai; Jonušava; Justinava; Old Town;
Government
• Type	Municipal Council
• Mayor	Valentinas Tamulis
Area
• Total	26.97 km2 (10.41 sq mi)
Elevation	39 m (128 ft)
Population (2023)
• Total	23,447
• Density	870/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Kėdainians (English); kėdainiškiai (Lithuanian)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	57xxx
Website	kedainiai.lt

Kėdainiai (Lithuanian: [kʲeːˈdâːɪ.nʲɛɪ̯ˑ] ^ⓘ) is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania.^[2] It is located 45 km (28 mi) north of Lithuania's second largest city Kaunas on the banks of the Nevėžis River.^[3] Kėdainiai were first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, its population as of 2022^[update] was 23,051.^[3]^[4] The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.^[5]^[6]

The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of the Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.

In a ring of five miles, the St Jurgis church is surrounded by smaller villages – Lančiūnava, Kapliai [lt], Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, Kalnaberžė.

Names

The city has been known by other names: Kiejdany in Polish, Keidan (קיידאן) in Yiddish,^[7]^[8] and Kedahnen in German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms include Kidan, Kaidan, Keidany, Keydan, Kiedamjzeÿ ^[9] ("j" /e/), Kuidany, and Kidainiai.^[10]

History

The area was the site of several battles during "The Deluge", the 17th century war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. In 1655 a short-lived treaty with Sweden, the Union of Kėdainiai, was signed by two members of Radziwiłł family in their Kėdainiai castle. While little remains of the Radziwiłł castle, the crypt of the Calvinist church (1631) houses the family mausoleum, including the tombs of Krzysztof Radziwiłł and his son Janusz.

Scottish Protestants arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries, encouraged by the conversion of Anna Radziwill; the community exerted considerable influence in the city and persisted until the mid-19th century.^[11] The grouping of the buildings around the town square still include the imposing homes of merchants known as the "Scottish Houses". These include; the George Anderson House, the John Arnot House, the George Bennet House, the James Gray House, the Steel Property, and the surviving basement of the Alexander Gordon house.^[12]

A local custom called on all visitors to bring a stone to be used in the town's construction.^[5]

The 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town in 1790.^[13]

World War II

In 1940, the town was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa, Kėdainiai was occupied by the German Army in the summer of 1941. On August 28, 1941, the entire Jewish community of Kėdainiai, a community which had inhabited the area for 500 years, were killed under the direction of German Special Police Battalions, with the aid of the local Lithuanian population. The Jewish population prior to the Holocaust was 3000.^[14]

Soviet occupation

During the Cold War, it was home to Kėdainiai air base, a major Soviet military airlift facility.

For many years, Kėdainiai was known for its chemical and food processing industries. The Kėdainiai chemical plant, Lifosa, began operations in January 1963. Publicized as a milestone in the industrialization of Lithuania, it emitted significant quantities of sulfuric acid and was the subject of ecological protests in the 1980s.^[15]^[16]

Independent Lithuania

Following years of stagnation, old enterprises have come back to life, and new ones have been established, contributing to its status as an economic stronghold.^[17]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1823	3,000	—
1833	2,597	−1.43%
1865	3,455	+0.90%
1895	4,368	+0.78%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1897	6,113	+18.30%
1923	7,415	+0.75%
1931	7,761	+0.57%
1939	8,662	+1.38%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1959	10,580	+1.01%
1966	15,900	+5.99%
1970	19,795	+5.63%
1974	24,500	+5.48%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1976	26,600	+4.20%
1979	27,886	+1.59%
1989	33,840	+1.95%
2001	32,048	−0.45%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
2006	31,308	−0.47%
2011	26,648	−3.17%
2018	23,367	−1.86%

Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011

Transportation

Kėdainiai is accessed by Via Baltica highway from Kaunas and Panevėžys, and by rail from Vilnius, Klaipėda and Šiauliai. It is also served by Kaunas International Airport, the second largest airport in Lithuania, located in Karmėlava.

Culture

The Kėdainiai Regional Museum, established in 1922, now operates four branches: a Multicultural Centre, the mausoleum of the Dukes Radziwill, the house of Juozas Paukštelis, and the Museum of Wooden Sculptures of V.Ulevičius.^[18]

Since the city is known as the cucumber capital of Lithuania, it sponsors an annual cucumber festival.^[17]

In 2013, the band Bastille shot a music video for their single "Things We Lost in the Fire" in the location.^{[citation needed]}

A small Polish minority of 329 (0,61%)^[19] people live in Kėdainiai district municipality, but only 30 people participate in Stowarzyszenie Polaków Kiejdan (The Kėdainiai Polish Association), the elder people; their cultural activities involve public celebrations of Polish Day of Independence and Day of the Constitution of Third of May, as well as organizing a festival of Polish culture. Since 1994 a School of Polish Language exists.^[20]^[21]

Education

Jonušas Radvila College (Kėdainių Jonušo Radvilos studijų centras)
Kėdainiai Atžalynas gymnasium
Kėdainiai Šviesioji gymnasium

Sport

Basketball club BC Nevėžis, which participate in Lithuanian basketball league. Football club FK Nevėžis, named after the nearby river plays in second-tier league I Lyga. Other football teams include FK Lifosa and FK Nevėžis-2, the reserve team of Nevėžis.

Mayors of Kėdainiai

Mayor	Term of office		Political party
Mayor	Took office	Left office	Political party
Independent Lithuania
Petras Baguška	1990	1994
Vigimantas Kisielius	1995	1997	Homeland Union
Viktoras Muntianas	1997	2004	Labour Party
Virginija Baltraitienė	12 November 2004	12 December 2005	Labour Party
Nijolė Naujokienė	2005	2011	Labour Party
Rimantas Diliūnas	2011	2015	Labour Party
Saulius Grinkevičius	17 April 2015	2019	Liberal Movement
Valentinas Tamulis	17 March 2019	Incumbent	Valentino Tamulio komanda – mūsų krašto sėkmei

Notable citizens

Jonušas Radvila (1612–1655) - Lithuanian nobleman, magnate
Antanas Mackevičius, a priest and a leader of the 1863 uprising
Czesław Miłosz, Polish writer, Nobel Prize winner. Born in Šeteniai village
Mikalojus Daukša, Lithuanian writer, translator
Martin (Moshe) Kagan, a leader of the anti-Nazi resistance group HaShomer HaTzair
Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen, rabbi and prolific author
Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan (1890–1924), prominent Orthodox rabbi.
Moshe Leib Lilienblum, Jewish scholar and author
Viktoras Muntianas, Lithuanian politician, former Speaker of the Seimas
Juozas Paukštelis, author
Juozas Urbšys, Lithuanian diplomat. Born in Šeteniai village
Shlomo Zalman Zoref, re-established the Ashkenazi community in the Old City of Jerusalem in 1811
Bernard G Richards (b. March 9, 1877 Dov-Gershon Rabinovich in Keidan, Lithuania - d. 25 June 1971 in the US) author and Jewish leader.

Twin towns – sister cities

Kėdainiai is twinned with:^[22]

Brodnica, Poland
Fălticeni, Romania
Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
Łobez, Poland
Melitopol, Ukraine
Sömmerda, Germany
Svalöv, Sweden
Telavi, Georgia

Gallery

City Hall and Monument of Janusz Radziwiłł
Kranto II street in the old town
Senoji Street in the old town
Kėdainiai Old Town
Kėdainiai Old Town
Didžioji street
Nevėžis river in city center
Kėdainiai new synagogue
Holy Transfiguration Church

References

Kėdainiai travel guide from Wikivoyage
kedainiai.lt
History of Kėdainiai Archived 2020-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Kėdainiai tourist and business information center
Article on Kedainiai's Jewish community
JRK Center College of Janusz Radziwiłł

Notes

^ "Būsimieji merai švenčia, apie darbus galvos rytoj" (in Lithuanian). 15min.lt. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
^ "Kėdainių kraštas". Kėdainių rajono savivaldybė (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Kėdainiai". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
^ Drungilas, Jonas. "Kėdainių istorija". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Kėdainiai". Samogitian Cultural Association Editorial Board. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
^ "Kėdainių architektūra". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
^ Levin, Dov (2000). The Litvaks. Berg Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-57181-264-3.
^ "An Old and New World | קיידאן | Keidan | Kedainiai". keidaner.com. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
^ Blaeu, Joan (1662). LIVONIA vulgo Lyefland (Map).
^ Library of Congress Authority control Name Headings. HEADING: Kėdainiai (Lithuania). Accessed 2009-09-14.
^ Murdoch, Steve (2006). Network North: Scottish kin, commercial and covert association in Northern Europe, 1603-1746. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-14664-8.
^ Algirdas Juknevičius & Vaidas Špečkauskas, Scottish Heritage in Kėdainiai (Vilnius: Savastis, 2015), pp. 11–31.
^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 10.
^ Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Macmillan Publishers. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3.
^ Casper, Monica J. (2003). Synthetic planet: chemical politics and the hazards of modern life. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93355-1.
^ A. P. J. Mol, David Allan Sonnenfeld (2000). Ecological Modernisation Around the World: Perspectives and Critical Debates. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5064-7.
^ ^a ^b "Kėdainiai district municipality". Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
^ "Museum History". Kėdainiai Regional Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
^ Number of inhabitants of Kėdainiai district municipality by ethnicity, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2014-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Lithuanian census of 2011
^ Świat Polonii, [1] Dni Kultury Polskiej na Laudzie 18-20 czerwca 2004 r.
^ http://www.knypava.lt Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine [2] Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine Kėdainiuose giliai šaknis įleidę ir lenkai
^ "Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas". kedainiai.lt (in Lithuanian). Kėdainiai. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-03-23.

[1] "Būsimieji merai švenčia, apie darbus galvos rytoj" (in Lithuanian). 15min.lt. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.

[savivaldybe-2] "Kėdainių kraštas". Kėdainių rajono savivaldybė (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.

[KedainiaiVle-3] "Kėdainiai". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.

[KedainiuIstorijaVle-4] Drungilas, Jonas. "Kėdainių istorija". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.

[sam-5] "Kėdainiai". Samogitian Cultural Association Editorial Board. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2009-07-03.

[KedainiuArchitektura-6] "Kėdainių architektūra". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.

[7] Levin, Dov (2000). The Litvaks. Berg Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-57181-264-3.

[8] "An Old and New World | קיידאן | Keidan | Kedainiai". keidaner.com. Retrieved 2020-10-01.

[9] Blaeu, Joan (1662). LIVONIA vulgo Lyefland (Map).

[10] Library of Congress Authority control Name Headings. HEADING: Kėdainiai (Lithuania). Accessed 2009-09-14.

[11] Murdoch, Steve (2006). Network North: Scottish kin, commercial and covert association in Northern Europe, 1603-1746. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-14664-8.

[12] Algirdas Juknevičius & Vaidas Špečkauskas, Scottish Heritage in Kėdainiai (Vilnius: Savastis, 2015), pp. 11–31.

[13] Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 10.

[14] Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Macmillan Publishers. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3.

[15] Casper, Monica J. (2003). Synthetic planet: chemical politics and the hazards of modern life. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93355-1.

[16] A. P. J. Mol, David Allan Sonnenfeld (2000). Ecological Modernisation Around the World: Perspectives and Critical Debates. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5064-7.

[ked-17] "Kėdainiai district municipality". Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-06-11.

[18] "Museum History". Kėdainiai Regional Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2009-06-11.

[19] Number of inhabitants of Kėdainiai district municipality by ethnicity, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2014-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Lithuanian census of 2011

[20] Świat Polonii, [1] Dni Kultury Polskiej na Laudzie 18-20 czerwca 2004 r.

[21] ttp://www.knypava.lt Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine [2] Archived 2014-01-02 at the Wayback Machine Kėdainiuose giliai šaknis įleidę ir lenkai

[22] "Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas". kedainiai.lt (in Lithuanian). Kėdainiai. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-03-23.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Kėdainiai

Names

History

World War II

Soviet occupation

Independent Lithuania

Demographics

Transportation

Culture

Education

Sport

Mayors of Kėdainiai

Notable citizens

Twin towns – sister cities

Gallery

See also

References

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