PROFIL
PELAJAR.COM
June 1920
Tuesday, June 1, 1920
Wednesday, June 2, 1920
Thursday, June 3, 1920
Friday, June 4, 1920
Saturday, June 5, 1920
Sunday, June 6, 1920
Monday, June 7, 1920
Tuesday, June 8, 1920
Wednesday, June 9, 1920
Thursday, June 10, 1920
Friday, June 11, 1920
Saturday, June 12, 1920
Sunday, June 13, 1920
Monday, June 14, 1920
Tuesday, June 15, 1920
Wednesday, June 16, 1920
Thursday, June 17, 1920
Friday, June 18, 1920
Saturday, June 19, 1920
Sunday, June 20, 1920
Monday, June 21, 1920
Tuesday, June 22, 1920
Wednesday, June 23, 1920
Thursday, June 24, 1920
Friday, June 25, 1920
Saturday, June 26, 1920
Sunday, June 27, 1920
Monday, June 28, 1920
Tuesday, June 29, 1920
Wednesday, June 30, 1920
References
Privacy Policy
My Blog
My Blog II
Profil Kampus
Prov. Aceh
Prov. Bali
Prov. Bangka Belitung
Prov. Banten
Prov. Bengkulu
Prov. D.I. Yogyakarta
Prov. D.K.I. Jakarta
Prov. Gorontalo
Prov. Jambi
Prov. Jawa Barat
Prov. Jawa Tengah
Prov. Jawa Timur
Prov. Kalimantan Barat
Prov. Kalimantan Selatan
Prov. Kalimantan Tengah
Prov. Kalimantan Timur
Prov. Kalimantan Utara
Prov. Kepulauan Riau
Prov. Lampung
Prov. Maluku
Prov. Maluku Utara
Prov. Nusa Tenggara Barat
Prov. Nusa Tenggara Timur
Prov. Papua
Prov. Papua Barat
Prov. Riau
Prov. Sulawesi Barat
Prov. Sulawesi Selatan
Prov. Sulawesi Tengah
Prov. Sulawesi Tenggara
Prov. Sulawesi Utara
Prov. Sumatera Barat
Prov. Sumatera Selatan
Prov. Sumatera Utara
Kidung Pujian
Digital Literasi
Zona Nonton
Campus Profile
School Profile
Keyword
Keyword 2
Share to:
June 1920
Month in 1920
1920
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
<<
June 1920
>>
Su
Mo
Tu
We
Th
Fr
Sa
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
June 4, 1920: Hungary signs treaty at Trianon, loses 2/3rds of its territory (in green) to four nations
June 22, 1920: The pop-up toaster is invented
June 12, 1920: "Dark horse" Warren G. Harding nominated for U.S. president after Republican Party deadlock
June 15, 1920: White mob storms police station in Duluth, Minnesota, lynches three black inmates
Tuesday, June 1, 1920
Adolfo de la Huerta
was sworn into office as
President of Mexico
.
[1]
[2]
The former Governor of Mexico's
Sonora
state had prompted the revolution that had toppled the government of President Carranza in May.
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson
's request to Congress to agree to
a U.S. mandate over Armenia
, similar to the British and French mandates over former Ottoman territories in the Middle East, was rejected by the U.S. Senate, 52 to 23.
[3]
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
Hawke v. Smith
that Ohio could not hold a referendum to reverse its ratification of the Prohibition amendment (the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution), holding that after the constitution is amended, the ratification cannot be taken back. Ohio, which had become the 36th and ratifying state in 1919, had authorized the holding of a public vote on the issue of retraction, but a restraining order had been issued by a lower court to prevent the printing of ballots. The ruling also meant that state legislatures couldn't take back ratifications of the 19th Amendment permitting women's suffrage.
[4]
The Supreme Court ruled also that the salaries paid to the U.S. president and to federal judges were tax-exempt income.
[2]
Born:
Colonel
Amos Yarkoni
, Bedouin Arab Muslim who became a decorated officer within the
Israel Defense Forces
; as Abd el-Majid Hidr in
Na'ura
(d. 1991)
Wednesday, June 2, 1920
In the first known U.S. presidential veto of a bill because of bad
grammar
, President Wilson vetoed House Resolution 7629, an amendment to the federal penal code that added "licentious motion-picture films" to the list of items not permitted to be transported across state lines
[5]
Writing "I return herewith without my signature" House Resolution 7629, Wilson noted that the phrase "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" was in the wrong place in a sentence and that "an obvious error has occurred" and that "I have had the change definitely indicated by appropriate pencil marks."
[6]
p36. Congressman
Thomas L. Blanton
of Texas urged a new resolution, saying "There is nothing improper in the President of the United States correcting the English of the House or Senate, is there?" and his colleague
Joseph Walsh
of Massachusetts replied (with bad grammar), "Not at all; not when their English is incorrect."
[6]
House Resolution 14384 was hastily passed with the corrected version and signed by Wilson on the same day.
Dr.
Manuel Gondra
was elected as the
President of Paraguay
by the national legislature.
[7]
Gondra had previously served as acting president for seven weeks in 1911, and had later been the Paraguayan Ambassador to the United States.
Delaware rejected the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was to provide women with the right to vote. The Delaware State Senate, on the final day of its annual session, voted 24 against and only 10 for the amendment
[8]
"The First State" would finally ratify on March 6, 1923, more than two years after the amendment had become part of the constitution.
Born:
Tex Schramm
(Texas Earnest Schram Jr.), influential U.S. professional football executive, general manager of the Dallas Cowboys for the franchise's first 30 seasons and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee; in
San Gabriel, California
(d. 2003)
Johnny Speight
, English television writer known for BBC1's
Till Death Us Do Part
, the inspiration for the U.S. series
All in the Family
; in
East London
(d. 1998)
Marcel Reich-Ranicki
, Polish-born German literary critic; in
Wloclawek
(d. 2013)
Thursday, June 3, 1920
USS
Tennessee
, the first of the U.S. Navy's "
Super-dreadnought battleships
", was commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
[9]
[2]
Only one other Tennessee-class ship,
USS
California
, was also being constructed.
Friday, June 4, 1920
The
Treaty of Trianon
was signed between the
Allied Powers of World War I
, and
Hungary
, which lost 72% of its territory within the former
Austro-Hungarian Empire
. The treaty was so unpopular that the Hungarian government had difficulty in finding anyone willing to sign the treaty, until Minister Plenipotentiary Alfred Detrashe Lazas and Minister of Labor Auguste Bernard agreed to do the task of agreeing to the breakup.
[10]
A contributor to
The Guardian
called it "The most disastrous event in the long history of the ancient kingdom of Hungary was completed this afternoon in the long hall of the Grand Trianon at Versailles, when her two representatives put their signature at the foot of the treaty."
[11]
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson
vetoed the federal budget for the 1921 fiscal year, because it contained an amendment that interfered with his authority to remove executive branch appointees. The U.S. House of Representatives, holding a long session before adjournment for the summer, failed to override the veto in a vote taken after midnight.
[12]
Saturday, June 5, 1920
The
Merchant Marine Act of 1920
, one of several different U.S. laws referred to as "The Jones Act", was signed into law. The new law released U.S. government control (during peacetime) of American merchant ships to private companies and provided that "No merchandise shall be transported by water... on penalty of forfeiture thereof... between points in the United States... in any other vessel than a vessel built in and documented under the laws of the United States and owned by persons who are citizens of the United States."
[13]
The law provides now that U.S. ships allowed to transport from one U.S. port to another must be owned by companies with at least 75% U.S. ownership, with a crew made up of at least 75% U.S. citizens, and must be built and registered in the U.S.
[14]
Critics of the Jones Act have described it as "an archaic, burdensome law" whose result has been "to impose significant costs on the U.S. economy while providing few of the promised benefits."
[15]
Julius Lörzing became the first botanist to find the rare
carnivorous pitcher plant
Nepenthes spectabilis
, which grows only in the mountains of island of
Sumatra
in Indonesia. Lörzing collected his specimen (Lörzing 7308) while climbing Mount Sibajak at an altitude of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft).
The
United States Women's Bureau
, which celebrates its centennial in 2020, was created as a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Labor.
[16]
Born:
Marion Motley
, African-American professional football running back and one of the first black pro players after World War II, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee; in
Leesburg, Georgia
(d. 1999)
Died:
Rhoda Broughton
, 79, popular Welsh novelist
Julia A. Moore
, 72, American poet known for her famously bad poetry
Sunday, June 6, 1920
In
elections for the Reichstag in Germany
, the
Social Democratic Party
(SPD) retained a plurality, but lost one-third of its 165 seats, while the
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
(USPD), made up of former leftist SPD members, gained 61 seats to more than triple its representation in the Reichstag.
[17]
Herman Mueller
, recently resigned German Chancellor, tried to forge a coalition government that would include his Social Democrats.
[18]
Monday, June 7, 1920
The Ku Klux Klan racist movement, the
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
, began a public relations campaign to increase its membership nationwide. The Klan hired the
Southern Publicity Association
, founded in
Atlanta
by
Bessie Tyler
of the
Daughters of America
, and
Edward Young Clarke
, an Imperial Wizard of the Klan Wyn.
[19]
[20]
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld seven separate cases challenging the ratification of the unpopular Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the enforcement of its prohibition of the general sale of alcohol. The court also upheld a challenge to the
Volstead Act
's provision that limited the amount of alcoholic content in drink to no more than 0.5 percent or one
proof
.
[21]
[22]
The
Prime Minister of Portugal
,
António Maria Baptista
, was conducting a meeting of his cabinet at
Lisbon
when he was "seized with an attack of congestion of the lungs" shortly after midnight.
[23]
Baptista was rushed to a hospital and died six hours later.
José Ramos Preto
, the Minister of Justice, was temporarily appointed to the position of prime minister.
President Huerta of Mexico announced that Congressional elections would be held on August 1, and a presidential election would take place on September 3.
[2]
Tuesday, June 8, 1920
The
1920 Republican National Convention
opened at the Chicago Coliseum.
[24]
[25]
By a vote of 22 to 19 in favor of postponing consideration of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (granting women the right to vote nationwide), the Louisiana State Senate effectively rejected the measure.
[26]
Only one state's ratification remained necessary for the amendment, permitting women the right to vote in all elections, to go into effect. The postponement was a surprise, in that a report the day before indicated that passage by Louisiana's senate was expected after the resolution had been passed to a third reading.
[27]
Wednesday, June 9, 1920
Leopold Skulski
resigned as
Prime Minister of Poland
after six months, following the failure of Poland's effort to fight along with the Ukrainian Army against the Soviet Union.
[28]
Italy's Prime Minister
Francesco Nitti
and his cabinet resigned.
[29]
Fourteen passengers were killed when
New York Central Railroad
's Train Number 28 was struck from behind by another eastbound freight train near
Schenectady, New York
, after the NYCRR train stalled on the track because of a defective water pipe. The engineer for Train Number 34 of the
Michigan Central Railroad
, which had departed later on the eastbound track for the
Buffalo
to
New York City
route, reportedly drove through two warning signals and was the only casualty on his train
[30]
Two other people died from their injuries in the days after the accident.
[31]
Thursday, June 10, 1920
Less than a week after signing the
Treaty of Trianon
,
Hungary
's Prime Minister
Sándor Simonyi-Semadam
resigned along with his cabinet.
[32]
U.S. President Wilson signed the
Federal Water Power Act
(now the Federal Power Act) into law, giving the federal government jurisdiction over utility providers whose businesses were part of interstate commerce. The signing was not announced until one week later
[33]
[34]
The act created the
Federal Power Commission
within the U.S. Department of Commerce and, "in order to prevent private firms from monopolizing power resources", gave the FPC "authority to determine who could build power plants."
[35]
Germany announced that it had successfully reduced the size of its army to 200,000 troops, in compliance with the Treaty of Versailles.
[36]
Friday, June 11, 1920
Front runner Wood and eventual nominee Harding
Governor Lowden
The first four rounds of balloting taken for the presidential nomination were conducted at the
1920 Republican National Convention
. As the session closed at 7:00 in the evening, no candidate had the required majority of the 940 delegates' votes. With 471 necessary to be nominated, Major General
Leonard Wood
was in first place at the end of the day, with 314½ votes and Illinois Governor
Frank Lowden
was second with 289. The next highest totals after four rounds were U.S. Senator
Hiram Johnson
of California (140½), Pennsylvania Governor
William C. Sproul
(79½) and U.S. Senator
Warren G. Harding
of Ohio (61½)
[37]
Austria
's Chancellor
Karl Renner
and his cabinet resigned
[38]
Born:
Ruth Graham
, American Christian author and the wife of evangelist Billy Graham; to American missionaries in
Huai'an
,
Jiangsu
province,
China
(d. 2007)
King Mahendra of Nepal
, ruler of Nepal from 1955 to 1972; in
Kathmandu
(d. 1972)
Died:
Joseph B. Elwell
, 47, American card game authority who wrote several bestselling books on the game of
bridge
, was murdered at his home on 244 West 17th Street in New York City. The crime was never solved.
Saturday, June 12, 1920
Senator Lenroot
On the tenth round of balloting at the Republican National Convention, U.S. Senator
Warren G. Harding
of Ohio was approved as the party's nominee for president
[39]
The day opened with the fifth round of voting, and Harding was in sixth place (behind General Wood, Governor Lowden, Senator Johnson, Governor Sproul and Columbia University President
Nicholas Murray Butler
) with 65½ votes. On the next round, Harding moved into third place with 89 votes, while Wood and Lowden were tied for first with 311½ each. Harding steadily gained and, in the ninth round, gained 270 delegates that had shifted from Sproul and Lowden. Making a reference to the game of
poker
, Harding told reporters, "Well, you know how a fellow feels that holds a pair of eights and has to stay in and draws
full
."
[40]
U.S. Senator
Irvine Lenroot
of Wisconsin, who had agreed to serve as Harding's running mate, was rejected on the first round of balloting for the U.S. nominee Vice President, with Massachusetts Governor
Calvin Coolidge
getting 674½ votes and Lenroot getting 146½.
[41]
Although a popular myth is that Lenroot turned down the chance to be Vice President (and with it, the presidency of the United States upon Harding's death in 1923), what actually happened was that the convention delegates went against the GOP leadership's recommendation. When U.S. Senator
Medill McCormick
began his nominating speech for Lenroot, a delegate from
Oregon
,
Wallace McCamant
, shouted "Coolidge! Coolidge!", and other delegates in the crowd took up the chant; when McCormick was finished, McCamant nominated Coolidge and the delegates voted in the governor's favor
[42]
In fighting
during the war between Russia and the combined armies of Poland and the Ukraine
, a concentration of 30 divisions of the Soviet
Red Army
retook
Kiev
.
[43]
John C. Koons, the Assistant
Postmaster General of the United States
, answered a request for an interpretation of postal regulations from the Washington D.C. postmaster Merritt Chance, and ruled that children could not be sent through the mail by
parcel post
[44]
Mr. Chance had received three applications to send children under regulations that permitted live animals to be sent through the mail. Koons, reviewing the regulation, pointed out that it was limited to "harmless live animals which do not require food or water." However, the United States Postal Service historian would confirm in 2016 that, soon after the Post Office Department had created parcel post in 1913, there were several instances of children being shipped by railroad through parcel post, the last-known instance having been on August 31, 1915.
[45]
[46]
The
1920 Belmont Stakes
, final race of the American horse racing Triple Crown, was run with only two horses, heavily favored
Man O'War
, who won the 1 3⁄8–mile race (11 f; 2.2 km) by 20 lengths over Donnacona.
[47]
Born:
Dave Berg
, American cartoonist noted for his "The Lighter Side of..." satires for
MAD
magazine; in
Brooklyn
(d. 2002)
Sunday, June 13, 1920
Essad Pasha
Crown Prince Bhuvanadh
Essad Pasha Toptani
, the nominal ruler of
Albania
, was assassinated by a 25-year-old Albanian student,
Avni Rustemi
, during a visit to Paris. Essad was departing the Hotel Continental when Rustemi stepped from behind a pillar and shot him twice.
[48]
Born:
Rolf Huisgen
, German chemist who developed the
Huisgen cycloaddition
chemical reaction process for production of
heterocyclic compounds
; in
Gerolstein
(d. 2020)
Jim Siedow
, American film actor known primarily as the villain in
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre
and its sequel; in
Cheyenne, Wyoming
(d. 2003)
Died:
Prince
Chakrabongse Bhuvanath
, 37, heir presumptive to the throne of
Siam
(now
Thailand
), younger brother of King Rama VI (
Vajiravudh
) and Chief of Staff of the
Royal Siamese Army
, died of pneumonia while traveling abroad.
[49]
Monday, June 14, 1920
Henry, Baron Forster
, a longtime member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, was designated as the successor to Sir
Ronald Munro Ferguson
, who was retiring from his position as
Governor-General of Australia
[50]
The
Cherokee National Forest
, which now encompasses 1,024 square miles (2,650 km
2
), was proclaimed by U.S. President Wilson
[51]
Sul Ross State University
, founded in
Alpine, Texas
, opened as Sul Ross State Normal College, with 77 students
of SRSU
. The college, which now has about 2,000 students, was named for the late
Lawrence Sullivan Ross
, who had served as
Governor of Texas
in the 19th century.
Died:
Max Weber
, 56, German sociologist and philosopher; from complications of the Spanish influenza epidemic
Anna Maria Mozzoni
, 83, Italian suffragist and feminist
Gabrielle Réjane
, 64, French stage and silent film actress
Tuesday, June 15, 1920
Nellie Melba
Operatic soprano
Nellie Melba
became history's first well-known broadcaster when she sang two arias from a studio at
Guglielmo Marconi
's factory in
Chelmsford
, Essex, in England. The performance was sponsored by
The Daily Mail
newspaper in London.
[52]
Three African-American circus workers were lynched
after a mob of several thousand white people surrounded the police station in
Duluth, Minnesota
, where six workers were being held in the jail at East Second Avenue and First Street. Charged with rape, the men were then subjected to a mock trial and heard from the accusers and the accused. Three were returned to their cells, but Isaac McGhie, Elmer Jackson, and Elias Clayton were taken out to the street and hanged between 11:30 and 11:45 that night
[53]
[54]
In 2003, statues of the three men would be erected in Duluth.
Born:
Alberto Sordi
, Italian film actor and director, winner of seven
David di Donatello
film awards for Best Actor; in
Rome
(d. 2003)
Wednesday, June 16, 1920
Giolitti
A committee of jurists gathered at
The Hague
to plan the organization of the proposed
Permanent Court of International Justice
, a judicial body for the
League of Nations
.
[55]
[56]
After taking administration of the former South Pacific territory of
German Samoa
under a
League of Nations Mandate
, the government of
New Zealand
seized the territory of the 292 German residents and then deported them on a ship back to Germany, without a trial. The Germans were placed on board the
Main
, a former German steamer transferred to British control, and then sent from
Apia
back to Germany. News of the forced exile was not revealed until three months later.
[57]
Giovanni Giolitti
was sworn in as the new
Prime Minister of Italy
, along with his cabinet of ministers, to succeed Francesco Nitti, who had resigned on June 9.
[58]
What was believed to be the distance record for a "long distance wedding" took place between a bride, located in the United States at the First Presbyterian Church in
Detroit
, and a U.S. Navy sailor who was on the Pacific Ocean aboard the light cruiser
USS
Birmingham
, reportedly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) off the coast of California. The ceremony, legal in
Michigan
at the time, was conducted by wireless radio
[59]
Born:
José López Portillo
, 51st
President of Mexico
(from 1976 to 1982); in
Mexico City
(d. 2004)
Died:
James H. Hyslop
, 65, American psychologist who had founded the
American Society for Psychical Research
.
Thursday, June 17, 1920
The town of
Craigmont, Idaho
, was created from the merger of two rival towns, Ilo and Vollmer, which were separated only by a railroad track.
[60]
A mock wedding ceremony was performed the next day between "Miss Ilo" and "Mr. Vollmer", portrayed by one actor from each town.
[61]
St. Joseph's College for Women
, located at 245 Clinton Avenue in
Brooklyn
, graduated its first class, with 14 women receiving their baccalaureate degrees.
[62]
Born:
François Jacob
, French biologist and 1965
Nobel Prize in Medicine
laureate; in
Nancy
(d. 2013)
Setsuko Hara
, Japanese film actress and leading lady (d. 2015)
Colonel
John Waddy
, British Army officer who was the first
Director Special Forces
for the Ministry of Defence Special Air Service; in
Taunton
, Somerset (d. 2020)
Friday, June 18, 1920
At
Tirana
, 330 Italian prisoners were killed in retaliation for the assassination of Essad Pasha.
[63]
William Gibbs McAdoo
, considered by many in the American press to be the likely Democratic nominee for president, announced that he would not permit his name to be put to a vote at the upcoming convention.
[64]
McAdoo reversed himself nine days later, announcing that he would accept if nominated.
[65]
Born:
Utta Danella
, bestselling German author nicknamed "The Queen of Kitsch"; in
Leipzig
(d. 2015)
Aster Berkhof
(pen name for Lode Van Den Bergh), Belgian
Flemish language
novelist; in
Rijkevorsel
(d. 2020)
Died:
George Walbridge Perkins
, 58, American financier and conservationist
John Macoun
, 89, Irish-born Canadian botanist
Saturday, June 19, 1920
Commandant Lejeune
Major General
John A. Lejeune
became
Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
, succeeding Major General
George Barnett
, by order of U.S. President Wilson. As Commandant of the U.S. Marines, Major General Lejeune demoted 23 major generals and 16 brigadier generals from their temporary wartime ranks given during World War I. Three major generals were reduced in rank to colonel (including
Billy Mitchell
, the Director of Military Aeronautics) while the other 20 were made brigadiers. Brigadier General
Marlborough Churchill
, a
cryptanalyst
in U.S. Army intelligence, was returned to his pre-war rank of major. It was expected that the reductions "will be only temporary, as new appointments must be made to fill vacancies which will occur when the army is reorganized under recent act of congress."
[66]
Born:
Eliana Navarro
, Chilean poet, in
Valparaíso
(d. 2006)
Sunday, June 20, 1920
The
Finalissima
of Italy's top level in soccer, the
Prima Categoria
, football league was played at Bologna.
F.C. Internazionale Milano
(Inter Milan) defeated
Livorno
, 3 to 2.
The town of
Glasgow, West Virginia
, was incorporated.
[67]
Born:
Amos Tutuola
, Nigerian novelist, in
Wasinmi
(d. 1997)
Danny Cedrone
, American rock music guitarist (killed in accident, 1954)
Thomas Jefferson
, African-American jazz trumpeter, in
Chicago
(d. 1986)
Died:
Dmitri Ivanovsky
, 55, Russian botanist who, in 1892, discovered
viruses
when researching a blight to tobacco plants
John Grigg
, 82, New Zealand astronomer and co-discoverer of the
periodic comet
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
Monday, June 21, 1920
Chancellor Fehrenbach
Constantin Fehrenbach
became the new
Chancellor of Germany
and, after one failed try, formed
a new coalition government
on June 25, composed of members of his own
Centre Party
(Zentrum) and the German Democrats (DDP) from the
old coalition
, but combining with the right-wing German People's Party (DVP) and without the Social Democrats (SPD).
[68]
At
Boulogne
, financial experts for the Allied powers announced that Germany's reparations for World War One should be fixed at 111 billion Deutschmarks (equivalent to 25 billion U.S. dollars),
[69]
payable in gold at a minimum of three billion Deutschmarks (US$610,000,000) per year, to be completed by the year 1957, unless Germany recovered its prosperity, in which case the minimum payment would be changed according to an index.
[56]
Italy withdrew all of its troops from Montenegro.
[70]
The U.S. Army began issuing a new honor, the
World War I Victory Medal
.
Born:
Hans Gerschwiler
, Swiss figure skater and 1947 world championship gold medalist; in
Winterthur
(d. 2017)
Tuesday, June 22, 1920
The patent application for the first
pop-up toaster
was filed by
Charles P. Strite
of
Minneapolis
for a "Bread-toaster with automatic bread ejection".
[71]
Strite received U.S. Patent No. 1,394,450 on October 18, 1921.
Prince Arthur of Connaught
was appointed as the successor to
Viscount Sydney Buxton
, who announced that he would be was retiring in November as
Governor-General of South Africa
.
[72]
The
U.S. Army Motion Picture Service
was established by the U.S. Department of War, for the purpose of showing movies at its military installations all over the world.
[73]
Born:
Lester Wunderman
, American advertising executive known as "the father of direct marketing" (d. 2019)
[74]
Paul Frees
, American comedian and voice actor; in
Chicago
(d. 1986)
Wednesday, June 23, 1920
Charles F. Murphy
, who had been the leader of New York City's Democratic Party political machine as "Boss Murphy of
Tammany Hall
", was indicted along with other political officials in the city, on charges of conspiracy to defraud the government of excess profits taxes.
[75]
Thursday, June 24, 1920
Władysław Grabski
became the new
Prime Minister of Poland
, succeeding
Leopold Skulski
[76]
The British Army restored order in
Derry
by driving fighting Catholic Nationalist and Protestant Unionist factions off of the streets and out of their strongholds. According to the British authorities, 17 people had been killed and 29 injured in four days of rioting
[77]
Greek troops in Turkey captured the city of
Alaşehir
, which had been known until the fall of the Byzantine Empire as
Philadélphia
, and took 8,000 Turkish prisoners.
[78]
The city of
Akhisar
fell on the same day.
[56]
The
Northern Baptist Convention
, meeting in
Buffalo, New York
, became the second American denomination of Christian churches to vote to withdraw from the
Interchurch World Movement
effective June 30.
[79]
The members agreed to pay $2.5 million that it had pledged in the nationwide fundraiser by Protestant denominations in April, but to otherwise halt aid immediately. At the end of May, the Presbyterian Church terminated its association with the Interchurch movement.
Friday, June 25, 1920
Alessandri
Kitty Gordon
Arturo Alessandri
won the
1920 Chilean presidential election
. This was the last Chilean election to have been decided by the Chilean electoral college.
[80]
Luis Barros Borgoño
won a majority of popular votes by a margin of 1,007 votes (83,100 to 82,083) but Alessandri had 179 electoral votes to Barros's 175.
[81]
Russia's White Army General
Pyotr Wrangel
defeated the Soviet army in the Crimea and captured 10,000 prisoners.
[82]
Kitty Gordon
, British stage actress who had left London to perform in the United States, accidentally shot and wounded another actor while she was performing in a
vaudeville
show.
[83]
Miss Gordon's partner in the vaudeville act, Jack Wilson, had brought along a pistol "for the double duty of serving as a stage 'prop' and guarding Miss Gordon's '$250,000 worth of jewels'." While reloading the gun with blanks, Wilson overlooked having a loaded cartridge in the chamber. Waiting off stage was the next act in the program, the acrobatic trio of Page, Hack and Mack. The bullet struck Joseph A. Hack and wounded him. Hack was hospitalized, but recovered from his injuries
[84]
Born:
Jeanne Tomasini
, French historical novelist; in
L'Estaque
(d. 2022)
Lassie Lou Ahern
, American child actress and one of the last survivors of the silent film era; in
Los Angeles
(d. 2018)
Saturday, June 26, 1920
Royal Navy
battleships from the United Kingdom aided the Greek invasion of Turkey by bombarding the city of
İzmit
, a base of operations for Turkish nationalists. A dispatch from Greece reported that 1,000 Turks had been killed
[85]
António Maria da Silva
formed a new government for
Portugal
, replacing
José Ramos Preto
as
Prime Minister of Portugal
. Ramos had served for 11 days before resigning on June 18.
[86]
Lou Gehrig
, a 17-year old player for the New York School of Commerce high school team, got his first publicity for his baseball ability in the "World Series of High Schools" tournament held at
Cubs Park
in
Chicago
.
[87]
In front of 10,000 spectators, Gehrig hit a
grand slam
home run over the right field wall in the ninth inning for a 12 to 6 win over Chicago's Lane Tech High School. Several newspapers, including the New York
Daily News
, misspelled the future Hall of Famer's name in their reports.
[88]
[89]
[90]
Sunday, June 27, 1920
British Army
Brigadier General
Cuthbert Lucas
was kidnapped by the
Sinn Féin
in
Ireland
while fishing on the
River Blackwater
near
Fermoy
in
County Cork
.
[91]
[92]
After a month in captivity and the threat of execution, General Lucas was able to escape on July 30.
[93]
Bertram G. Goodhue
was selected as the architect for the new
Nebraska State Capitol
, as a panel of three non-resident architects favored his 15-story tall proposal over nine other plans that were submitted. One newspaper referred to Goodhue's design as a "freak type of tower" and a "Woolworth building capitol" favored by a group of outsiders that "was evidently partial to the New York skyscraper style of architecture," and complained that "The capitol commission had previously tied its own hands to such an extent that it was forced to take the 'jury's' selection and could not use its own judgment, if it had so desired, in giving the preference to something more suited to Nebraska's conditions and western ideals."
[94]
Born:
Fernando Riera
, Chilean football player who played for (1942-1950) and later managed (1958-1962) the
Chile national football team
in World Cup competition; in
Santiago
(d. 2010)
Died:
Adolphe-Basile Routhier
, 81, Canadian judge and author of the French lyrics to the anthem "
O Canada
"
Monday, June 28, 1920
The Democratic Party National Convention opened at San Francisco
[95]
Governor of Tennessee
Albert H. Roberts
announced that he would call a special session of the state legislature after the state Democratic primaries, directing the state senators and representatives to meet on August 9 for purposes of considering the proposed 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting all American women the right to vote.
[96]
At the time, 35 of the 48 U.S. states had ratified the amendment, and only one more was required to provide the necessary two-thirds for it to become law.
U.S. Army Sergeant Boterill inadvertently set a record for highest altitude for a parachute jump, when a high wind opened his chute while he was riding in a two-seat airplane at 20,000 feet (6,100 m) near
Dayton, Ohio
. Botterill sustained a broken arm when he struck the plane's rudder and was reportedly "carried for miles by the wind before he descended nearly four miles to the earth."
[97]
Born:
Clarissa Eden
, Countess of Avon, British socialite who was the niece of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the wife of Prime Minister Anthony Eden; as Anne Clarissa Spencer-Churchill in
Kensington
(d.2021)
Tuesday, June 29, 1920
Warren G. Harding, the Republican nominee for the U.S. presidential election recorded a campaign speech to be duplicated on phonographic records that could be played at political rallies
[98]
The theme of Harding's address was "America First", with the closing statement "Call it the selfishness of nationality if you will; I think it an inspiration to patriotic devotion; to safeguard America first; to stabilize America first; to exalt America first; and to live for and revere America first.".
[99]
Harding and vice-presidential nominee Calvin Coolidge, who recorded a separate speech, made few public appearances during the actual campaign. The records were put in circulation on July 4.
Born:
Ray Harryhausen
, American film animator and pioneer in special effects, particularly the perfection of
stop motion
; in
Los Angeles
(d. 2013)
Wednesday, June 30, 1920
The month of June, 1920, closed with the highest ever
inflation
rate that has ever been recorded by the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
, with the
Consumer Price Index
later showing the annual inflation rate peaking, with prices for consumer goods and services being 23.7 percent higher in June 1920 than they had been more than they had been at the end of June 1919.
[100]
In the 12 months that followed June 1920, prices went back down 15.8 percent.
[101]
[102]
The Turkish delegation to the Paris peace conference announced that it would recognize the independence of Armenia, Hedjaz (now Saudi Arabia), Syria (now Syria and Lebanon), Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and Palestine (now Israel and Jordan).
[103]
Turkey also renounced its rights to former territory in Egypt, to control the Suez Canal and the Sudan, and to eight islands in the Aegean Sea, as well as recognizing France's protectorates over Tunisia and Morocco and the United Kingdom's annexation of Cyprus. The Turks refused to cede the city of
İzmir
(Smyrna) and protested the cession of Eastern Thrace to Greece.
[104]
Born:
Soedarpo Sastrosatomo
, Indonesian banker and founder of
CIMB Niaga
; in Pangkalan Susu (d. 2007)
Eleanor Ross Taylor
, American poet who achieved fame at the age of 77; in
Norwood, North Carolina
(d. 2011)
Zeno Colò
, Italian slalom ski racer and 1952 Olympic gold medalist; in
Cutigliano
, Tuscany (d. 1993)
References
^
"Huerta Takes Reins and Sits Mexican Saddle— He Rules as Provisional President",
Chicago Tribune
, June 3, 1920, p6
^
a
b
c
d
"Record of Current Events",
The American Review of Reviews
Volume 62 (July, 1920), pp24-28
^
"Wilson's Plea for Armenian Mandate Denied— Senate Opposes Act by a Heavy Vote,
Chicago Tribune
, June 2, 1920, p5
^
"Dry Ruling Aids Suffrage—Referendum in Ohio Is Ruled Out",
Chicago Tribune
, June 2, 1920, p1
^
"'Bad Grammar' of House Bill Draws a Veto from Wilson",
The New York Times
, June 3, 1920, p1
^
a
b
Presidential Vetoes: List of Bills Vetoed and Action Taken Thereon by the Senate or House of Representatives (1889 — 1956)
^
"Dr. Gondra to Be New President of Paraguay",
Washington Evening Star
, June 3, 1920, p2
^
"Delaware Vote Defeats Suffrage",
The New York Times
, June 3, 1920, p3
^
"New U.S. Super-Dreadnought Has 'Fighting Brain' Enclosed in Steel",
Ottawa Journal
, June 3, 1920, p1
^
"Hungary Signs Terms of Peace",
Washington Evening Star
, June 4, 1920, p1
^
"Hungary Signs— How a Budapest Editor Viewed It",
The Guardian
(Manchester), June 5, 1920, p1
^
"House Upholds Wilson's Veto of Budget Bill",
Chicago Tribune
, June 5, 1920, p1
^
"Merchant Marine Act, 1920
^
"Jones Act: Critical to Economic and National Security"
, U.S. Transportation Institute
^
"The Jones Act: A Burden America Can No Longer Bear"
^
"Our History"
, U.S. Women's Bureau website
^
"Fall of German Government Is Seen in Election Returns",
New York Tribune
, June 8, 1920, p1
^
"Mueller Tries Desperately to Form Ministry",
Chicago Tribune
, June 10, 1920, p13
^
Craig Wade,
The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America
(Oxford University Press, 1998 pp154-155
^
"On this day— June 7, 1920: Ku Klux Klan Mounts Publicity Campaign to Attract Members"
, Equal Justice Initiative
^
"Supreme Court Ruling Makes U.S. Bone Dry— Amendment 18 and Volstead Law O.K.",
Chicago Tribune
, June 8, 1920, p1
^
"National Prohibition Cases"
, 253 U.S. 350 (1920), Justia.com
^
"Portugal Premier Dies Suddenly",
Wilkes-Barre (PA) Times Leader
, June 7, 1920, p12
^
"Convention Opens with Nomination in Doubt",
New York Evening World
, June 8, 1920, p1
^
"Platform Fight Starts as the Convention Opens",
The New York Times
, June 9, 1920, p1
^
"Senate Rejects Suffrage Plea in Louisiana",
Chicago Tribune
, June 9, 1920, p1
^
"Suffrage Near Senate Victory in Louisiana",
Chicago Tribune
, June 8, 1920, p1
^
"Polish Cabinet Quits in Buffer State Dispute",
New York Tribune
, June 11, 1920, p12
^
"Nitti Cabinet in Italy Quits Amid Disorder— Deputies Oppose High Bread Prices",
Chicago Tribune
, June 10, 1920, p15
^
"Fourteen Killed in N.Y. Central Wreck Near Schenectady",
Buffalo Express
, June 10, 1920, p3
^
"Blame Engineer for Wreck",
Buffalo Express
, June 10, 1920, p2
^
"Cabinet Quits as Red Terror Sweeps Hungary",
Chicago Tribune
, June 11, 1920, p5
^
"Wilson Approves Water Power Act",
Washington Times
, June 19, 1920, p3
^
"Federal Water Power Act Expected to Remedy High Cost of Living Evil— Measure Just Signed Regarding Greatest Conservaation Step", by Rome G. Brown,
Minneapolis Sunday Tribune
, June 20, 1920, p6
^
Mark W. T. Harvey,
A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement
(University of Washington Press, 2011) p17
^
"Germany Meets Terms on Reduction of the Army",
Chicago Tribune
, June 11, 1920, p1
^
"4 BALLOTS TO A DEADLOCK— Wood Gets 314½; Lowden, 289; Johnson, 140½",
Chicago Tribune
, June 12, 1920, p1
^
"Vienna Cabinet Resigns in Army Discipline Row",
Chicago Tribune
, June 12, 1920, p7
^
"HARDING & COOLIDGE! Ohioan Wins on Tenth; Massachusetts Gets 2nd Place; Lowden Helps Senator Get 674 7-10 Votes",
Chicago Tribune
, June 13, 1920, p1
^
"'Filled up on a Pair of Eights', Laughs Harding",
Chicago Tribune
, June 13, 1920, p1
^
"Only Ballot on Vice President",
Chicago Tribune
, June 13, 1920, p2
^
"Calvin Coolidge, 29th Vice President (1921-1923)"
, United States Senate website
^
"Poles Admit Kiev Has Been Evacuated",
Baltimore Sun
, June 14, 1902, p1
^
"Rules Mails Can't Carry Children— Assistant Postmaster General Decides They Are Not Harmless Animals",
Washington Evening Star
, June 12, 1920, p1
^
"A Brief History of Children Sent Through the Mail"
, by Danny Lewis,
Smithsonian
magazine website, June 14, 2016
^
"Parcel Post Baby Makes Trip Upon L. & E. Railroad",
Louisville (KY) Courier-Journal
, September 1, 1915, p2
^
"Man O'War Sets New Record in Belmont Stake",
Chicago Tribune
, June 13, 1920
^
"Albanian Envoy, Essad Pasha, Is Slain in Paris",
Chicago Tribune
, June 14, 1920, p1
^
"Crown Prince of Siamese Dies of Pneumonia in India",
Chicago Tribune
, June 15, 1920, p3
^
"New Governor General Appointed for Australia"",
Chicago Tribune
, June 15, 1920, p3
^
CIS Index to Presidential Executive Orders & Proclamations, Part I: Apr. 30, 1789 to Mar. 4, 1921, George Washington to Woodrow Wilson
(Congressional Information Service, 1986) p225
^
"A Newspaper's Use of the Radio Phone"
,
The Wireless Age
magazine (November 1920) p.10-11
^
"Mob Hangs 3 in Duluth— 5,000 Persons Lynch Negroes to Avenge Girl",
Chicago Tribune
, June 16, 1920, p1
^
"Lynched in the North"
, by Suzette Harrison, May 20, 2019
^
"World Peace Court Opens at The Hague",
The Pittsburgh Post
, June 17, 1920, p5
^
a
b
c
"Record of Current Events",
The American Review of Reviews
Volume 62 (August, 1920), pp135-140
^
"British Exile Germans— Force 292 to Board Vessel in Quarantine— Seize Homes, Land, in Samoa",
Chicago Daily Tribune
, September 19, 1920, p1
^
"Giolitti's New Cabinet Takes Oath of Office",
Chicago Daily Tribune
, June 17, 1920, p1
^
"Bride in Detroit, Sailor on Ocean, Wed by Wireless",
Chicago Daily Tribune
, June 17, 1920, p1
^
"Celebrate Union of Towns"
,
Spokane (WA) Spokesman-Review
, June 14, 1920, p8
^
"Camas Prairie Towns United— Mock Wedding Feature",
Spokane (WA) Spokesman-Review
, June 19, 1920, p10
^
"St. Joseph College for Women"
^
"Albanians Kill 330 Italians to Avenge Essad",
Chicago Tribune
, June 19, 1920, p1
^
"M'ADOO OUT OF RACE; Says 'Can't Afford It'",
Chicago Tribune
, June 17, 1920, p1
^
"Friend Hurls M'Adoo's Hat Back in Ring",
Chicago Tribune
, June 28, 1920, p1
^
"Peace Not Yet, but 32 Generals Lose War Rank",
Chicago Tribune
, June 20, 1920, p2
^
"Town of Glasgow— The best kept secret in West Virginia"
^
"German Cabinet Finally Formed by Fehrenbach",
Chicago Tribune
, June 26, 1920, p5
^
"Allies Demand Germany Pay $25,000,000,000",
Chicago Tribune
, June 23, 1920, p7
^
"Italians Quit Montenegro; Serb Troops Take Places",
Chicago Tribune
, June 22, 1920, p2
^
U.S. Patent #1394450
^
"Prince Arthur to Rule South African Union", June 23, 1920, p6
^
Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Nnappropriated Fund Activities within the Department of Defense
(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972) p15608
^
"Lester Wunderman, Direct Marketing Pioneer and Original ‘Mad Man,’ Dies at 98"
; in
the Bronx
, New York City (d. 2019)
^
"Tammany Boss Murphy and Five Others Indicted for Conspiracy",
The Pittsburgh Post
, June 24, 1920, p1
^
"Grabski Heads New Polish Ministry",
Des Moines (IA) Tribune
, June 25, 1920, p1
^
"Toll of Dead and Injured in Irish Clash",
Chicago Tribune
, June 25, 1920, p1
^
"Greeks Capture 8000 Turkish Nationalists",
Philadelphia Inquirer
, June 26, 1920, p5
^
"Baptists Quit 'Interchurch'; May Be the End",
Chicago Tribune
, June 25, 1920, p5
^
"Chile Election Today— South American Republic to Choose New President",
Wilmington (DE) Morning News
, June 25, 1920, p10
^
"Chilean Vote Is Close— Complete Count Gives Alessandri Electors; Borgono 175",
Washington Post
, July 5, 1920, p12
^
"10,000 Reds Captured by Wrangel in Crimea",
Chicago Tribune
, June 26, 1920, p3
^
"Kitty Gordon Shoots Actor During Play",
Chicago Tribune
, June 26, 1920, p1
^
"Actor, Honored by Kitty's Shot, Grins, Forgives— She Can Fire Again for All He Cares",
Chicago Tribune
, June 27, 1920, p5
^
"British Fleet Kills 1,000 Turks",
New York Times
, June 27, 1920, p1
^
"Portugal Has New Cabinet",
New York Tribune
, June 28, 1920, p7
^
"'World Series' of High Schools on Here Today",
Chicago Tribune
, June 26, 1920, p9
^
"New York Preps down Lane Tech in Hitfest, 12-6; Gherig Swats Homer with the Bases Loaded", by James Crusenberry,
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, June 27, 1920, p2-1
^
"Gherrig Features New York",
Baltimore Sun
, June 27, 1920, p22
^
"Rousing Reception Awaits Return of Victorious Commerce Players",
Daily News
(New York), June 28, 1920, p28
^
"Soldiers Loot an Irish Town— Revenge for Kidnapping of Brigadier General Lucas",
Manchester Guardian
, June 29, 1920, p9
^
"Kidnap General and 2 Colonels in County Cork",
Chicago Tribune
, June 28, 1920, p11
^
"General Lucas Escapes",
The Times
(London), July 31, 1920, p12
^
"Architect Is Picked— 'Freak Type' of Tower Building Wins Prize",
Lincoln (NE) Daily Star
, June 28, 1920, p7
^
"Democrats Off to Riproaring Old Time Start",
Chicago Tribune
, June 29, 1920, p1
^
"Tennessee To Vote On Woman Suffrage In Special Session",
Tampa Times
, June 28, 1920, p1
^
"Blown for Miles as He Falls 20,000 Ft. from Plane",
Chicago Tribune
, June 29, 1920, p1
^
"Harding Opens Campaign Today in Phonograph— Speech on 'Americanism' to Be Distributed",
Chicago Tribune
, June 29, 1920, p6
^
"America First, Harding's Plea to U.S. Millions",
Chicago Tribune
, June 30, 1920, p5
^
"One hundred years of price change: the Consumer Price Index and the American inflation experience"
, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Monthly Labor Review
(April 2014)
^
"Historical Inflation Rates: 1914-2020"
,
US Inflation Calculator
, Coin News Media Group LLC
^
"Prices Hop 136 Pct. in Last Six Years",
Akron (O.) Evening Times
, August 12, 1920, p1
^
"Turkish Delegations Recognize New States",
Indianapolis Star
, July 1, 1920, p3
^
"Turkey Refuses to Yield Smyrna; Protests Against Allotment of Eastern Thrace to Greece by Allies; Rest of Treaty Accepted",
The New York Times
, July 1, 1920, p17
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya
Lokasi Pengunjung:
3.14.143.212