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Juliana López
Juliana López
Born	Juliana López Mainar; 1886; Zaragoza, Spain
Died	1971 (aged 84–85); Zaragoza, Spain
Organizations	Los Justicieros; Los Solidarios;
Movement	Anarchism in Spain
Criminal charges	Accessory to murder
Criminal penalty	Six years imprisonment
Parents	Manuel López Duche (father); Joaquina Mainar Alvira (mother);

Juliana López Mainar^[a] (1886–1971) was an Aragonese anarchist militant.

Biography

Juliana López Mainar was born in the Aragonese capital of Zaragoza.^[2] She was a cook by trade.^[1] López ran a guest house on Calle Arnaldo Alcober, in the Magdalena [es] neighbourhood of Zaragoza. There she provided refuge for fugitive anarchists and became well known within the Aragonese anarchist movement.^[2]

In February 1921, she joined the anarchist group Los Justicieros. The group dispatched her and Buenaventura Durruti to contact other Spanish anarchist groups,^[3] with the goal of creating an Iberian Anarchist Federation.^[4] They first went to Andalusia,^[3] where they convinced local anarchists to federate together on a regional basis. They then travelled to Madrid, but were forced to leave the city following the assassination of prime minister Eduardo Dato.^[5] They finally went to Barcelona, where Domingo Ascaso informed them of the dangers faced by the local movement, preventing them from coordinating with other anarchist groups.^[6]

Concerned that pistolerismo may make its way to Zaragoza, Los Justicieros went to the Basque Country to acquire weapons.^[7] To pay for the guns, they carried out an armed robbery against a paymaster in Eibar,^[8] making off with 300,000 pesetas.^[9] They divided the money into two parts, half of which was sent to Bilbao, and the other half of which López took back to Zaragoza.^[10]

In June 1923, she was implicated in the assassination of Archbishop Juan Soldevila.^[11] Two members of Los Solidarios, Francisco Ascaso and Rafael Torres Escartín, had met at her guest house on the day of the attack.^[2] The Catholic Church pushed the authorities to arrest her as an accomplice.^[12] Her guest house was subsequently searched by police, and she and her family were investigated.^[2] She was charged for the attack, alongside Ascaso, Torres Escartín and Esteban Euterio Salamero Bernard.^[12] López was ultimately sentenced to six years in prison.^[13] During her imprisonment, she was transferred between prisons in Alcalá de Henares and Zaragoza; in 1926, she contracted tuberculosis. She was released in 1928.^[1]

In December 1932, she reunited with members of Los Solidarios in Barcelona to plan the anarchist insurrection of January 1933.^[13] During the years of the Francoist dictatorship, she ran a small business in the Almozara [es] neighbourhood of Zaragoza, where all her neighbours knew of her militant past.^[2]