Julian Steele

Julian Steele
Born
Julian Denegal Steele

(1906-10-20)October 20, 1906
Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
DiedJanuary 17, 1970(1970-01-17) (aged 63)
West Newbury, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation(s)Social worker, politician, civil rights activist, church leader
Spouse
Mary (Polly) Bradley Dawes
​
​
(m. 1938; d. 1970)​
ChildrenEmilie Dawes Steele

Julian Denegal Steele (October 20, 1906 – January 17, 1970) was an American social worker, activist, and federal, state, and local office holder—often the first black person to hold such a post in New England.

Early life and education

Steele was born on October 20, 1906, in Savannah, Georgia,[1][2] home to his father's family for several generations. His father, Alexander McPherson Steele, was a postal worker.[3][4] Around age seven, Steele moved with his family to Boston, Massachusetts[2] his mother's hometown. Steele’s mother, Minnie Sarah Ellis Steele, was the daughter of a Jamaican minister, Rev. Alexander Ellis, who served as a pastor in Boston.[5][6] Steele’s brother, Joseph Alexander Ellis Steele, was a noted jazz musician. Steele attended Boston Latin School, graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1929,[7] and pursued graduate studies in social work in New York City.[2]

Social work career and mixed marriage

Upon completion of his studies, Steele became director of Boston's Robert Gould Shaw Settlement House in Roxbury.[8] There he met his future wife, Mary Bradley Dawes,[9] who worked in the settlement's day nursery.[10] Controversy associated with his impending mixed-race marriage forced Steele to resign his position at the Shaw Settlement.[11][12] Students at Ward Belmont College in Nashville, Tennessee, where Mary Dawes studied prior to obtaining her BA from Boston University in early childhood education,[13] hung two “Negroes” in effigy to protest the engagement.[11]

Following a discreet six-year courtship, the quiet May, 1938 wedding in New York City between a "Negro social worker" and the "daughter of an old New England family" generated nationwide press.[9][14][15][16] In Congress, Mississippi Senator Theodore Bilbo commented that Mary Dawes "appears to be sustained in her mad insane determination to mingle blood impregnated with the highest genetic values of the Caucasian and the blood of an African whose racial strains have dwelt for six thousand years or more in the jungles of a continent.”[17] Notwithstanding the controversy, in 1939 Julian Steele began work heading up Boston's new Armstrong Hemenway Foundation, focusing on affordable housing.[18]

Life in small town New England: Massachusetts' first black town moderator

In 1943, Julian and Mary Steele purchased a farm in West Newbury, Massachusetts,[19] a predominately rural North Shore town within commuting distance of Steele's work in Boston.[20] They moved to that town when their daughter, born in 1944,[21] was a baby. Steele, who established a dairy herd for his working farm, said that the countryside held appeal as a good place to have a family.[22] He also stated,"In West Newbury a man can be an avid admirer of Senator Joe McCarthy and an equally avid advocate of racial and religious tolerance."[23]

Farm of Julian & Mary (Polly) Dawes Steele purchased in 1943

In March 1952, Julian Steele, the only black voter among some 1,500 residents, was elected West Newbury's town meeting moderator. He was the first black town moderator in Massachusetts.[24] Townspeople credited him with "elevating the cultural life of the community."[25] Steele was a founder and the moderator of West Newbury's "wide-awake Town Hall Forum," a weekly lecture series[22] and he participated in the town's summer theater.[26] Steele was instrumental in the decision of renowned African-American tenor Roland Hayes to purchase a summer home in West Newbury[27] on Crane Neck Street, just up from the Steele farm.[28] Hayes, in turn, performed at local events including a charity concert in West Newbury town hall.[29]

For at least a decade, Steele was Massachusetts' only black town moderator.[30] In the direct democracy of New England town meeting, the moderator serves to supervise, guide, and referee townspeople's debate leading to votes determining the course of municipal budgets and agendas for the coming year.[31] At the time of Steele's election, local writer Margaret Coit described town meeting as West Newbury's "favorite indoor sport," where free speech was the rule and "controversy was cherished for its own sake."[32] Steele served as West Newbury's moderator until his death.[7]

Career as a state and federal official

Julian Steele held a number of state and federal posts, often as the first black person in the position. He was appointed to the Massachusetts Parole Board in 1954.[33] During his tenure, Massachusetts conducted an evaluation of the death penalty. The state Attorney General supported repeal,[34] those opposing capital punishment asserted that it usually reflected race or class prejudice, while the minority who favored it cited deterrence.[34] The parole board was divided: Steele favored abolishment, saying "the state should not take a human life because the state cannot create it."[35] When Steele, the sole remaining Republican on the parole board, was passed over for reappointment in favor of a Democratic candidate, civic and religious groups protested the alleged politicization of the board.[36]

In 1960, Steele was appointed assistant administrator of the U.S. Housing and Home Financing Agency, with responsibility for New England and New York. Massachusetts Senator Leverett Saltonstall said at the time that Steele was the first black person appointed to such a high position in that agency.[37] Steele became the Deputy Commissioner of Urban Renewal in Massachusetts' Department of Commerce and Development in 1965.[38] When he was appointed commissioner of Massachusetts' new Department of Community Affairs in 1968, Steele became the first black person to head an agency in the state. At Steele's swearing in, Governor John Volpe called Steele the “ideal man to carry forth with the development, renewal and rehabilitation of the communities in the Commonwealth and the mobilization of state forces to fight poverty.”[39]

Civil rights advocacy and church leadership

Steele's assertion, "Human progress can be measured largely in terms of acceptance of difference as interesting and our common humanity as profoundly important"[40][7] informed his activism in civic and religious fields. Throughout his life, he advocated for a number of causes, among them civil rights[41][42] and affordable housing.[43][44]

A 1937 profile in The Crisis, the magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, cataloged Julian Steele's activities as a young professional ranging from organizing aid for Ethiopia to working with Boston planners on housing—all in furtherance of his "cardinal principle . . . that Negroes must cooperate with whites."[8][7] Steele held several leadership posts with the NAACP beginning in the 1940s,[45] including president of the Boston Branch.[46][47] In 1958 he was elected president of Boston's Urban League.[48]

Julian Steele also assumed leadership positions in church groups. Active in his church in West Newbury, he became moderator for the Congregationalists of Essex County and then vice-moderator for Massachusetts.[49] In 1954 Steele was named the first black moderator (principal layman) of the Massachusetts Congregational Christian Conference,[50] a denomination descending directly from the Puritans.[51]

Death and legacy

On January 17, 1970, Steele died of a heart attack in his sleep at home in West Newbury.[7] After services in Roxbury attended by some 800 mourners, Steele was buried in West Newbury.[52] Steele was the subject of an appreciation in the Congressional Record,[40] and at its 1971 annual town meeting, the Town of West Newbury read a proclamation stating in part that "in the passing of Julian Steele who served the Town as Moderator, the Town has lost a valuable and faithful public servant who has left an example of a life worthy of the emulation of all."[53]

Julian D. Steele Historic Marker, West Newbury, MA
Julian D. Steele Historic Marker, West Newbury, MA

An elders' housing center in Melrose, Massachusetts, was named after Steele in the months following his death.[54] A 1950's-era housing project in Lowell, Massachusetts, since razed, was also named for him.[55] In 2019, the Town of West Newbury voted to erect a historical marker in Steele's honor in front of Town Hall.[56] A collection of his papers is housed in the Archival Research Center at Boston University.[57]

References

  1. ^ "Yesterday in Afro-American History". Jet. XXXIX (3): 10. October 22, 1970. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Julian Steele, State Agency Head, Dies". The Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. January 19, 1970. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  3. ^ "Negro and White Secretly Marry in New York City". The Dunkirk Evening Observer. Dunkirk, Chautauqua, New York. May 11, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  4. ^ Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census (1905). "Railway Mail Service". U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863–1959. 3: 1624/1636. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Joy Street Methodist Church: Charles Sumner the Champion of the Colored Race—The Reverend Alexander Ellis's Sermon". The Boston Globe. March 16, 1974. p. 2. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Notices: A complimentary testimonial dinner will be given Rev. Alexander Ellis on his retirement after fourteen years of service in Boston". The Boston Globe. January 20, 1882. p. 2. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e Davis, William A. (January 18, 1970). "Massachusetts Community Affairs Commissioner Julian D. Steele, 63". The Boston Globe. p. 65. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  8. ^ a b Harrison, W.E. (March 1937). Wilkins, Roy (ed.). "The Robert Shaw Gould House". The Crisis. 44 (3): 79–80. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  9. ^ a b "Boston Socialite Weds Negro Social Worker; Bride Related to General Dawes, Met in Settlement House, Engaged Long Time". The San Francisco Examiner. May 12, 1938. p. 8. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Says Negroes Lead in Several Ways: Dr. Cabot Sees Superiority in Song, Stories, and Nerve". The Boston Globe. February 17, 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  11. ^ a b Sarah Deutsch (2004). "The Politics of Sex and Race in Boston's NAACP, 1920-1940". In O'Toole, James M.; Quigley, David (eds.). Boston's Histories: Essays in Honor of Thomas H. O'Connor. Boston: Northeastern University Press. pp. 199. ISBN 978-1-55553-582-7. Retrieved 12 August 2019. steele.
  12. ^ "Negro Social Worker and White Girl Wed: Mary B. Dawes, Former Schoolteacher, Bride of Steele at Quiet Ceremony in New York". The Boston Globe. May 11, 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  13. ^ "Mary B. Steele, 85; Specialist in Early Childhood Education". The Boston Globe. January 15, 1993. p. 75. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  14. ^ "Strange Romance". Stevens Point Journal. Wisconsin. May 14, 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  15. ^ "Mixed Wedding Revealed: Social Worker, Colored Mate, on Honeymoon". Daily News. New York. May 12, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  16. ^ "Mary Dawes, Boston Society Girl, Is Married to Negro: Daughter of Old New England Family Is Secretly Wed to Julian Steele, Social Worker". The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. May 11, 1938. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  17. ^ Rogers, J.A. (1944). Sex and Race, Volume 3: Negro-Caucasian Mixing in All Ages and All Lands – Why White and Black Mix in Spite of Opposition (citing April 24, 1939 Congressional Record p. 4654) (5th ed.). Wesleyan University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-8195-7509-8. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  18. ^ "Julian Steele Head of New Foundation: Shaw House Ex-Director in Social Service Post". The Boston Globe. March 9, 1939. p. 13. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  19. ^ "Deed". salemdeeds.com. Essex County, Massachusetts. May 26, 1943. pp. Book 3330 Page 395. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  20. ^ Coit, Margaret L. (August 17, 1969). "Looking Backward and Forward at 150". The New York Times. pp. 13/440. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  21. ^ "Baby Born to Harvard Negro and White Wife". Daily News. New York. U.P. September 6, 1944. p. 4. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  22. ^ a b Marion, Frieda (March 2, 1950). "Julian D. Steele, Nationally Known Welfare Worker, Has Farm Estate in West Newbury". Newburyport Daily News and Newburyport Herald. pp. A15/23. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  23. ^ "Georgia-Born Moderator Has Strong Yankee Background". Ebony. 8 (12): 58. October 1953. Archived from the original on 2019-08-12. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  24. ^ "West Newbury: Julian D. Steele Is New Town Moderator". The Boston Globe. AP. March 4, 1952. p. 25. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  25. ^ "Bay State Negro Elected: Town Names Only Voter of His Race to Be Moderator". The New York Times. AP. March 5, 1952. p. 24. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  26. ^ "New Summer Theatre". The Boston Globe. March 14, 1947. p. 27. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  27. ^ "Roland Hayes, Noted Singer To Be Eagerly Welcomed as Resident of West Newbury". Newburyport Daily News and Newburyport Herald. November 11, 1946. p. 11. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  28. ^ de Lue, Willard (March 7, 1951). "Meet Mary Ellen Who's 'Going to Meet the Kids'". The Boston Globe. p. 20. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  29. ^ "Roland Hayes Enthralls West Newbury Hearers: World Famed Tenor Dedicates His Talent to Aid Civic Cause in His Adopted Home Town". Newburyport Daily News and Newburyport Herald. March 5, 1949. p. 1. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  30. ^ Rollins, Bryant (February 28, 1962). "West Newbury Formula: 'A Touch of Humor Cools the Hotheads'". The Boston Globe. p. 25. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  31. ^ "A Citizen's Guide to Town Meetings" (PDF). Citizen's Guide to Town Meetings. William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Citizen Information Service. pp. 2/8, 6/12, 7/13. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  32. ^ Coit, Margaret L. (February 24, 1952). "The Small Town Under Big Pressures: Urgent new pressures threaten old frugality at a New England hamlet's annual meeting" (contains photos of town hall, Julian Steele and his predecessor moderator). The New York Times. pp. 20/196, 21/197, 23/199. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  33. ^ "Julian Steele Sworn as Parole Board Member". The Boston Globe. June 3, 1954. p. 3. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  34. ^ a b Lewis, William J. (March 19, 1959). "Repeal Urged By McCormack". The Boston Globe. p. 1. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  35. ^ "Parole Board Splits on Abolishing of the Death Penalty". The North Adams Transcript. December 3, 1957. p. 7. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  36. ^ "Fercolo Change in Parole Board Strongly Protested". The Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. May 20, 1959. p. 16. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  37. ^ "Steele Installed as Top Aide in U.S. Agency". The Boston Globe. August 12, 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  38. ^ "3 New Commerce Deputies Named By Gov. Volpe". The North Adams Transcript. March 10, 1965. p. 3. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  39. ^ "Steele, First Negro to Head State Agency, Sworn in". The Boston Globe. November 7, 1968. p. 26. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  40. ^ a b "Julian Steele: Extended Remarks of Hon. Hastings Keith of Massachusetts in the House of Representatives" (PDF). U.S. Congressional Record. 116 (Part 8): 11139. April 8, 1970. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  41. ^ Dean, Amy (February 22, 2002). "Connections: How Special Collections, archival holdings tell the story of our time: Julian Steele's fight for Negro nurses and physicians". B.U. Bridge. V (25).
  42. ^ "Peace Problem Begins Here, Says Julian Steele". The Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, Massachusetts. February 6, 1945. p. 9.
  43. ^ Lewis, William J. (December 15, 1969). "Cost of Housing 'Imperils Building Program'". The Boston Globe. p. 5. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  44. ^ Wilson, David B. (May 16, 1968). "Political Circuit: A House Free of Debt for All!". The Boston Globe. p. 27. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  45. ^ "The Inventory of the Julian Steele Collection #727" (PDF). Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center. Boston University. p. 30. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  46. ^ "Mass Meeting Will Hear Plan for Racial Peace". The Boston Globe. July 9, 1943. p. 13. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  47. ^ Moon, Henry Lee, ed. (March 1970). "In Memoriam: January 16, West Newbury, Mass. Julian D. Steele". The Crisis. 77 (3): 115. ISSN 0011-1422.
  48. ^ "Boston Urban League Elects Julian Steele". The Boston Globe. February 27, 1958. p. 29. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  49. ^ "Negro Named Vice-Moderator of Mass. Churches". Jet. IV (6): 36. June 18, 1953. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  50. ^ "West Newbury Negro Heads Church Alliance". The Boston Globe. May 18, 1954. p. 1. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  51. ^ "The Congregational Christian Tradition". Congregational Library and Archives History Matters. Congregational Library and Archives. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  52. ^ "800 Attend Services for Julian Steele, 63". The Boston Globe. January 21, 1970. p. 39. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  53. ^ "Annual Statement of the Receipts and Expenditures of the Town of West Newbury for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 1971, Together with the Reports of the School Committee, Board of Engineers, Trustees of the Public Library, Assessors, Auditor, Treasurer and Collector and the Statistics of the Town Clerk" [Annual Town Meeting – 1971] (PDF). Annual Report of the Town of West Newbury. FY 1971: 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  54. ^ "Center Named After J. Steele". The Boston Globe. March 24, 1970. p. 3. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  55. ^ McConville, Christine (January 12, 2003). "City Seeks to Raze Site, Despite Appeal". The Boston Globe. pp. 1/199, 4/203. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  56. ^ "West Newbury Special Town Meeting Results". Newburyport Daily News. November 5, 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  57. ^ "The Inventory of the Julian Steele Collection #727" (PDF). Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center. Boston University. Retrieved 14 August 2019.

Read other articles:

Ivan Kozhedub

Ivan KozhedubNama asliИван Никитович КожедубJulukanБатя (Ayah), Борода (Janggut)Lahir8 Juni 1920Obrazhiyevka, Kegubernuran Chernigov, RSS Ukraina[1]Meninggal8 Agustus 1991(1991-08-08) (umur 71)Moskwa, SFSR Rusia, Uni SovietPengabdian Uni SovietDinas/cabang Angkatan Udara Uni SovietLama dinas1940–1985PangkatMarsekal Madya/PenerbanganKesatuanKomandan Tempur Divisi 228 - 264Perang/pertempuranPerang Dunia II Operasi Barbarossa Pertempuran Kur...

 

 

WRKR

Radio station in Portage, MichiganWRKRPortage, MichiganBroadcast area[1]Frequency107.7 MHzBranding107.7 The RockerProgrammingFormatClassic rockOwnershipOwnerTownsquare Media(Townsquare License, LLC)HistoryFirst air dateOctober 17, 1988Call sign meaningW The RocKeRTechnical informationFacility ID14657ClassBERP50,000 wattsHAAT148 metersLinksWebcastListen LiveWebsitewrkr.com WRKR (107.7 FM, The Rocker) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format, consisting of classic album-oriented ro...

 

 

Pertempuran Keresztes

Pertempuran KeresztesBagian dari Perang Panjang (perang Utsmaniyah)Tanggal24 Oktober-26 Oktober 1596LokasiMezőkeresztes, Hungaria UtaraHasil Kemenangan UtsmaniyahPihak terlibat Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah [1] Habsburg Austria Kekaisaran Suci Romawi TransylvaniaKerajaan HungariaTokoh dan pemimpin Mehmed III Damat İbrahim Pasha Maximilian III Sigismund BáthoryKekuatan ~140.000 43 meriam ~300.000termasuk ~5.000 kavaleri97 meriamKorban ~20.000 ~12.000[2]-30.000 Pertempuran Keresztes ...

Uchida Kosai

Uchida Kōsai内田 康哉 Perdana Menteri JepangPejabatMasa jabatan24 Agustus 1923 – 2 September 1923Penguasa monarkiYoshihitoHirohito (Bupati) PendahuluKato TomosaburoPenggantiYamamoto GonnohyoeMasa jabatan4 November 1921 – 13 November 1921Penguasa monarkiYoshihito PendahuluHara TakashiPenggantiTakahashi Korekiyo Informasi pribadiLahir(1865-11-17)17 November 1865Yatsushiro, Kumamoto, Tokugawa (sekarang Jepang)Meninggal12 Maret 1936(1936-03-12) (umur 70)Tokyo, Jepa...

 

 

La Luna

La LunaInformasi latar belakangAsalBandung, IndonesiaGenrePopjazzTahun aktif2000–sekarangLabelBulletinSitus webwww.lalunaband.comAnggotaManik PurwakrishnaUtiBoyanMantan anggotaErwin Januar La Luna (Bahasa Spanyol untuk Sang Rembulan) adalah grup band Indonesia yang didirikan di Bandung, Jawa Barat pada 2 Januari 2000.[1] Grup ini didirikan oleh Manik (vokal), Uti (Gitar), Boyan (drum), dan Erwin (bass). Pada tahun 2000, La Luna merilis debut album Penggalan Kisah Lama dengan single ...

 

 

Konnyaku

Konnyaku Amorphophallus konjac Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Monokotil Ordo: Alismatales Famili: Araceae Subfamili: Aroideae Tribus: Thomsonieae Genus: Amorphophallus Spesies: A. konjac Nama binomial Amorphophallus konjacK. Koch Sinonim A. rivieri Konnyaku (Amorphophallus konjac; Bahasa Inggris: konjac; Jepang: 蒟蒻/菎蒻; こんにゃく; konnyaku; bahasa Korea: 곤약; gonyak; Hanzi: 蒟蒻; Pinyin: jǔ ruò) adalah se...

Soured milk

Milk-based food product Soured milkRussian and Ukrainian prostokvasha (kysliak), traditional fermented milkMain ingredientsMilk  Media: Soured milk Soured milk denotes a range of food products produced by the acidification of milk. Acidification, which gives the milk a tart taste, is achieved either through bacterial fermentation or through the addition of an acid, such as lemon juice or vinegar. The acid causes milk to coagulate and thicken, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria...

 

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

 

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Nine Elms railway station

Former railway station in London, EnglandFor the London Underground station, see Nine Elms tube station. Nine ElmsThe terminus in 1838General informationLocationLondon Borough of WandsworthGBPlatforms2Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOpened21 May 1838 (1838-05-21)Closed11 July 1848 (1848-07-11) (to passengers)Original companyLondon and Southampton RailwayPre-groupingLondon and South Western RailwayKey dates29 July 1968 (1968-07-29)Closed to fre...

 

 

Never Before (song)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Never Before song – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1972 single by Deep PurpleNever BeforeCover of the 1972 Italian singleSingle by Deep Purplefrom the album Machine Head B-sideWhen a...

 

 

Музыка горячей воды

Музыка горячей водыHot Water Music Автор Чарльз Буковски Жанр Грязный реализм Язык оригинала американский английский Оригинал издан 1983 Переводчик Максим Немцов Издатель ЭксмоBlack Sparrow Books[англ.] Страниц 302 ISBN 978-5-699-51194-5 «Музыка горячей воды» (англ. Hot Water Music) — сборник р�...

Eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-somatotrópico

Fisiología del sistema endocrinoSistemas regulatorios Eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-tiroideo Eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-adrenal Eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-gonadal Eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-somatotrópico Eje hipotalámico-pituitario-prolactina Sistema hipotalámico-neurohipofisario Sistema renina-angiotensinaCampos Neuroendocrinología Endocrinología pediátrica Psiconeuroendocrinología Endocrinología reproductiva e infertilidadMetabolismo Regulación del azúcar en la sangre Me...

 

 

Star (automobile)

Defunct American motor vehicle manufacturer This article is about the U.S.'s Durant Motors Company. For the British car company, see Star Motor Company. For the Italian automobile manufacturer S.T.A.R. (aka 'Rapid'), see Società Torinese Automobili Rapid. For other uses, see Star (disambiguation). Durant Star logo Motor vehicle StarStar Improved Four Coach c-1923OverviewTypePassenger CarManufacturerDurant Motors, Star Motors, Inc.Also calledRugby, Durant StarModel years1922-1928Ass...

 

 

Ace (1920 automobile)

Defunct American motor vehicle manufacturer Apex Motor Car Co.; Apex Motor Corp.Company typeAutomobile ManufacturingIndustryAutomotiveFounded1920FounderFE EarnestDefunct1923Fatesold and closedHeadquartersYpsilanti, Michigan, United StatesArea servedUnited StatesKey peopleHarry T. Hanover, Fred M. Guy, Otto W. HeinzProductsVehiclesAutomotive partsBus coachwork The Ace was an American-assembled car made in Ypsilanti, Michigan by the Apex Motor Car Company, which was reorganized as the Apex Moto...

Way Too Early

American television news program Way Too EarlyGenreMorning news showStarringJonathan LemireCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionProduction locationNew York CityRunning time60 minutesOriginal releaseNetworkMSNBCReleaseJuly 27, 2009 (2009-07-27) –August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)ReleaseSeptember 21, 2020 (2020-09-21) –presentRelated Morning Joe Way Too Early with Jonathan Lemire is an American early morning news show that airs weekday mornings ...

 

 

Pastrami

Meat preserved by partial drying, seasoning, smoking, and steaming Slices of pastrami Pastrami sandwich from Katz's DelicatessenPastrami (Romanian: pastramă) is a type of cured meat originating from Romania usually made from beef brisket. Later recipes use lamb, pork, chicken or turkey. The raw meat is brined, partially dried, seasoned with herbs and spices, then smoked and steamed. Like corned beef, pastrami was originally created as a way to preserve meat before the invention of refrigerat...

 

 

Fotbollsallsvenskan 1990

AllsvenskanSäsong1990GrundserievinnareIFK Göteborg (7:e allsvenska titeln)SlutspelsvinnareIFK Göteborg (12:e SM-titeln)NedflyttadeIK BrageÖrgryte ISHammarby IFEuropacupenIFK GöteborgUefacupenÖrebro SK Östers IFCupvinnarcupenIFK NorrköpingStatistikBästa målgörareKaj Eskelinen, IFK Göteborg (10)Största hemmavinstDjurgården 9–1 Hammarby(13 augusti 1990)Största bortavinstÖrebro 2–6 Göteborg(22 juli 1990)Målrikaste matchDjurgården 9–1 Hammarby(13 augusti 1990)Hö...

أسامة بن منقذ

أسامة بن منقذ أسامة بن مرشد بن علي بن مقلد بن نصر بن منقذ الكناني الكلبي الشيزري[1]  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 27 جمادى الآخرة 488هـ / 3 تموز (يوليو) 1095مشيزر، شمالي حماة، إمارة بني منقذ الوفاة 23 رمضان 584هـ / 14 تشرين الثاني (نوفمبر) 1188مدمشق،  الدولة الأيوبية مكان الدفن جبل قاس�...

 

 

2003年

日本ローカルの事柄については「2003年の日本」をご覧ください。 この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。 出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: 2003年 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · ...