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Israel Alter (also: Yisraʾel Alter,^[1] born September 23, 1901^[2] in Lemberg, died November 16, 1979, in New York City) was an Austrian-Hungarian^[3] Jewish cantor^[1] and last chief cantor in Hanover, Germany.^[4] The well traveled composer was regarded as "the one Chasanim, the cantor of the cantors".^[5]

Family

Israel Alter was the son of the merchant Abraham Juda Alter and his wife Frajda Alter, born Klein. He had a brother who later also became cantor.^[3] Israel was married to Anna Brenner (born 1901), their children Eleasar (born 1923) and Klara (born 1926). Anna's siblings were Hermann Hersch Sobel-Brenner (born 1903), David Sobel-Brenner (born 1907) and Regina Brenner (born 1912) with whom the Alter family lived under one roof at the Ohestraße 6 in Hanover, Germany, until their expulsion. At this address a memorial site has been established and on November 12, 2013, seven Stolpersteine have been installed,^[6] for this occasion "family members from Canada and Israel were present".^[7]^[8]

Israel Alter was the uncle of cantor Benjamin Z. Maissner.^[9] He is related to Bernhard Maissner (also known as Bejrich Bernhard Majzner,^[6] born December 15, 1877, in Przyrow/Piotow/Russia;^[10] during the so-called "Polish intervention" on October 28, 1938, forced to Bentschen (Zbąszyń), on August 10, 1939, deported to the Treblinka extermination camp, later declared perished),^[10] his wife Regina Rivka Richter (born 1877) and their children Issac (born 1905), Rosa (born 1912) and Isodor (born 1913). For these last seven family members mentioned seven remembrance stones were also installed on November 12, 2013, in front of the building at Lange Laube 1.^[6]^[8]

Biography

Israel Alter studied Talmud in Lemberg and Vienna. At the age of 20 he received his first posting as a cantor at the synagogue called Vereinssynagoge Brigittenauer Tempel.

During the time of the Weimar Republic Israel Alter took the post of chief cantor at the "Neue Synagogue" in Hanover. At the same time he performed "many times in many places in concert halls all over Europe", until in 1929 and 1930 he went on tour in the United States, where for example he performed twice at Carnegie Hall.^[5]

After the Nazis came to power in 1933, antisemitic and organized and discriminatory laws and dictatorship also came to Hanover, especially targeting Jews.^[11] For this reason Israel Alter immigrated in 1935 first to South Africa. He became cantor of the largest synagogue of Johannesburg, the synagogue of the United Hebrew Congregation. In 1961, Alter immigrated to the USA,^[5] where he worked as a cantor in New York.^[9]

Inheritance

Among the inheritances of Israel Alter was a scrap book containing a collection of newspaper clippings of concert reviews in several languages (see section literature). Also found were recordings of great historical importance of Alter's singing and compositions. Forty records from as early as 1930 were found, including a recording of the Prayer for the Souls, a piece dedicated to the fallen soldiers of World War I, which is usually not permitted to be recorded. Alter's daughter, who lived in Tel Aviv, inherited the records in 1979. The records subsequently became the property of Alter's nephew, cantor Benjamin Z. Maissner, who works as a cantor in Toronto. At first the thought was to donate the records to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, however Maissner decided to give them to Prof. Andor Izsák, director of the European Centre for Jewish Music in Hanover. The records were supposed to "find a home where they originated from".^[9]

Exhibitions

2013 Villa Seligmann presented at the occasion of the week-long remembrance events called "Autumn days of Jewish Music 2013" the exhibition Israel Alter the last chief cantor of Hanover.^[7]^[8]

Publications and collections

The European Centre for Jewish Music has produced a three part series of CDs from the original recordings of Israel Alter.^[5]

Vol 1 Liturgical music
Vol 2 Songs in Jiddish language
Vol 3 Opera songs

Literature

Andor Izsák (publisher): Israel Alter-Scrapbook (English, German and Hebrew language), 1 edition 2013, Hildesheim; Georg Olms, 2013, ISBN 978-3-487-15073-4
Simon Benne: Zentrum für jüdische Musik / Schallplatten kehren nach Hannover zurück Archived November 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (in German language, translated: "Jewish gramophone record are returning to Hanover"), in: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung June 26, 2012, accessed December 18, 2013
Henning Queren: Israel Alter - der Sänger aus Hannovers Synagoge / Das Europäische Zentrum für Jüdische Musik erinnert an den legendären Kantor und die Reichspogromnacht vor 75 Jahren. (in German, translated: Israel Alter- the singer of the Synagogue of Hanover / European Centre for Jewish Music remembers the legendary cantor at the commemoration occasion 75 years after Kristallnacht), in: Neue Presse (newspaper of Hanover), November 7, 2013, page 19
Horst Weber, Stefan Drees (Ed:): Israel Alter Collection, in: Quellen zur Geschichte emigrierter Musiker. 1933 - 1950 (= Sources relating to the history of émigré musicians), 2. New York, München: Saur, 2005, ISBN 3-598-23747-2, pp. 172–174; online by Google Books

References

^ ^a ^b See Integrated Authority File of German National Library
^ hand-written note by Benjamin Z. Maissner, November 10, 2013, with the remark that Alter was born on the High Holiday of Yom Kippur in the year 1901; compare the Hebrew calendar for 1901 under [1]
^ ^a ^b Claudia Maurer Zenck, Peter Petersen (ed.), Sophie Fetthauer (Assistant): Israel Alter (look up under External links)
^ pamphlet at the opening ceremony of the exhibition Israel Alter. The last chief cantor of Hannover, at Villa Seligmann, November 10, 2013
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Andor Izsák: Edition Cantor Israel Alter (view section External links)
^ ^a ^b ^c n.n. (in German language): Familie Alter-Brenner / Ohestraße 6 (beim Mahnmal), (translated: Family Alter-Brenner / Ohestreet 6 (at the memorial site)), information sheet (2 pages DIN A4) at the occasion of the installation of the 7 remembrance stones on site November 12, 2013, produced by the city of Hannover, Department of Education and Qualification, Project Remembrance Culture, Sallstrasse 16, 30171 Hannover, Germany
^ ^a ^b pamphlet by Villa Seligmann (text in German language by Andor Izsák): Herbsttage der jüdischen Musik 2013 (translated: Autemn remembrance days of Jewish music 2013), Hannover 2013
^ ^a ^b ^c review the documents at Commons (look up under External links)
^ ^a ^b ^c Simon Benne: Zentrum für jüdische Musik ... (look up Literature)
^ ^a ^b Gedenkbuch – Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft 1933–1945 (translated: Commemoration book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the Nazi's 1933-1945) under the name of Majzner, Bejrisch Bernard, last viewed November 12, 2013
^ Peter Schulze: Juden (Jews) in: Stadtlexikon Hannover, (city lexikon Hanover) pp. 326-328