Production capacities for electricity (billion kWh)
Type
Amount
Fossil fuel
328.77
Wind power
224.26
Nuclear
222.23
Hydro
132.93
Solar
82.19
Biomass
26.38
Total
1,016.76
Electricity (billion kWh)
Category
Amount
Consumption
233.27
Production
253.99
Import
17.93
Export
14.65
Natural Gas (billion m3)
Consumption
32.03
Production
0.01
Import
32.49
Export
1.19
Crude Oil (barrels per day)
Consumption
1,330,000
Production
47,200
Import
1,360,000
CO2 emissions: 202.71 million tons
Energy plan
By 2030 the government plan is to have 62 GW of wind power installed, 76 GW of photovoltaic power, 4.8 GW of solar thermal power, 1.4 GW of biomass power, and 22 GW of storage. This should give a 32% decrease in greenhouse gasses compared to 1990. The long term plan is to achieve carbon neutrality before 2050.[3]
Energy sources
Fossil fuels
Coal
In December 2021 Spain had a capacity of 4.1 GW using coal as the energy source, in 2022 consumption was 6.5Mt,[4] although the plan is to phase coal out by 2030.[5]
Algeria is Spain's largest natural gas supplier. Amid the deterioration of relations with Morocco, Algeria decided not to renew the contract of the Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline (GME), which expired at midnight on 31 October 2021. From November 1 on, natural gas exports to Spain are primarily transported through the Medgaz pipeline (with the short-term possibility of covering further demand either by expanding the Medgaz or by shipping LNG).[7][8][9]
Natural gas consumption 2011-2021 (billion cubic metres)[10]: 31
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
33.6
33.2
30.3
27.5
28.5
29.1
31.7
31.5
36.0
32.5
33.9
The demand for natural gas in Spain in 2022 was 364.3 TWh. Gas used for power generation increased 52% from 2021, with household, commercial and industrial demand for gas falling 21% to 226.4 TWh.[11]
Renewable energy includes wind, hydro and solar power, biomass and geothermal energy sources.
Spain has long been a leader in renewable energy, and has recently become the first country in the world to have relied on wind as its top energy source for an entire year. The country is attempting to use wind power to supply 40 percent of its electricity consumption by 2020.[13]
At the same time, Spain is also developing other renewable sources of energy, particularly solar photovoltaic.
Renewable based power in Spain reached 46.7% of total power consumption in 2021.[14]
In 2013, solar accounted for 3.1 percent of Spain's total electricity when capacity was 4,638 MW. By 2022 Spain had increased the solar capacity to 19,113 MW.[15]
In 2021, wind power provided 24% of Spain’s total installed power generation capacity and 23% of total power generation.[16] In 2023 it will reach 30 GW of capacity.
Biomass
Biomass provides around 2% of electricity generation capacity.
Spain has seven operating nuclear reactors and in 2022 they generated 20.25% of the country’s electricity.[17]
The government’s energy and climate plan specifies that installed nuclear capacity will remain at current levels of about 7,100 MW until at least 2025, and will then reduce to just over 3,000 MW from 2030 onwards.[17]
Hydro energy
In Spain in 2021 hydro power provided 17% of Spain’s total installed power generation capacity and 11% of total power generation.[18]
According to Energy Information Administration the CO2 emissions from energy consumption of Spain were in 2009 360 Mt, below Italy 450 Mt and France 429 Mt and above Poland 295 Mt and the Netherlands 250 Mt.[20] The emissions tonnes per capita were in Spain 7.13, Italy 7.01 France 6.3 Poland 7.43, and the Netherlands 14.89.[21]
