Iris tenuifolia is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from a wide region over central Asia, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, (the former Soviet Union republics of); Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia and in China. It has long greyish-green leaves, short stem and pale violet, lilac, pale blue, or purple flowers.
Iris tenuifolia is very similar in form to the Mediterranean Iris unguicularis. As they both have very small stems and the seed capsules are often hidden within the leaves of the plant.[2]
It has a dark brown, thin, short, knobbly, tough, wood-like rhizomes.[3][4][5] Underneath, it has a network of fibrous roots.[6] On top of the rhizome, at the base of the leaves, are the brown or red-brown, fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves. Which act as sheaths, for the new leaves.[3][5][7] The sheaths can be up to 6–20 cm (2–8 in) long.[6][5]
It can be either a single plant or can grow into thick clumps of plants.[5][8]
It has greyish-green, linear, twisted, leaves, that can grow between 20–60 cm (8–24 in) long and 1.5–2 mm wide.[7][9][10] They do not have a mid-vein but parallel veins,[3][4][6] and are acuminate (ending in a point).[5] They continue to grow after blooming, and can end up as a mass of twisted leaves.[11]
The leaves are longer than the flowering stems.[5]
It has a very short flowering stem or scape, 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long.[12][13][14] Although, sometimes the stems do not emerge above ground.[3]
It has 2 to 4, pointed (acuminate), membranous, green, between 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 8–10 mm wide, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[3][6][7]
The stems hold normally 1–3, terminal (top of stem) flowers,[7][9][15] blooming in spring, between April and May,[3][6][13] or late as early June (in Russia).[10]
The scented flowers,[5] are 4–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[7] and come in shades of pale violet,[3][14] lilac,[5][15][14] pale blue,[9][15][13] or purple.[4][10][13] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[16] The falls are spatulate (spoon shaped) or obovate-lanceolate,[4][6] 4.5–6 cm (2–2 in) long and 1.5 cm (1 in) wide.[3][6][7] They have a thin central yellow crest or mid-vein, dark veins (on a pale colour), and a band of papillose (or small hairs).[3][5][14] The narrower, oblanceolate, erect standards are 5 cm (2 in) long and 5–9 mm wide.[3][4][6]
It has a long, slender thread-like, perianth tube, 4.5–8 cm (2–3 in) long.[3][5][7]
It has 3 single coloured, style branches, 4 cm (2 in) long and 4–5 mm wide.[3] They attenuate (narrow slightly) and at the tips, are toothed.[4][6][5]
It has a slender 3–4 mm long pedicel,[5] 3 cm (1 in) long Stamens and a cylindric 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long and 2 mm wide, ovary.[3]
After the iris has flowered, between late July and early August (in Russia),[10] or between August and September (in China). It produces an ovoid or sub-globose, 3.2–4.5 cm (1–2 in) long and 1.2–1.8 cm (0–1 in) wide, seed capsule. It has short beak-like appendage on the top.[3][4][6]
The seeds are oval (or turbinate – like a top) shaped, wrinkled and black-brown to brown.[6][5][10]
Often, the seed capsule is hidden by the long leaves.[2]
In February 1997, a study was published in which 6 new flavanones, isolated from the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia, using high resolution mass spectrometry.[17]
In 2005, it was noted that the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia are the source of the largest number of new 2’-O-substituted simple flavanones within a single species.[18]
Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Iris tenuifolia and Iris halophila. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The irises have been used in various tradition herbal remedy's, such as traditional Mongolian herb medicine and Uighur herb medicine.[19]
In 2008, several chemical compounds were extracted from Iris tenuifolia. These included; 'izalpinin', 'alpinone', 'arborinone', 'irilin B', 'irisone A', 'irisone B', 'betavulgarin', 'beta-sitosterol' '5,7-dihydroxy-2', '6-dimethoxy-isoflavone' , 2',5-dihdroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanone, 'irisoid A' and 'ethyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside'. Also 2 new compounds were found, tenuifodione and tenuifone. All found using spectroscopic methods.[20]
In 2011, 2 flavans and a flavanone, were extracted from the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia and then tested against stem cells.[21]
In 2012, a genetic study was carried out on Iris laevigata and several of its closely related iris species, including Iris ensata, Iris setosa, Iris halophila, Iris scariosa, Iris potaninii, Iris tenuifolia, Iris bloudowii, and Iris sanguinea.[22]
In 2014, the characteristics of phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptation of Iris tenuifolia from various habitats in Xinjiang, China, were studied.[23]
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[16] It has a chromosome count: 2n=14.[3][24]
It is written as 细叶鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as xi ye yuan wei in Pinyin Chinese.[3][4][25]
The Latin specific epithet tenuifolia comes from the almagamtion of two Latin words tenuis meaning 'fine or thin' and folia mean leaf.[26]
It has the common names of Egeria Iris.[27][28] Note; 'Egeria' means water buffaloes or cows pulling (in China).[4] Another common name is narrow leafed iris,[29] or fine leaved iris,[30] or slender-leaf iris,[25] or silk leaves Iris.[4][27]
It was published and described by Peter Simon Pallas in Reise Russ. Reich. Vol.3 on page 714 in 1776.[31]
It was introduced to Russia in 1812, and was noted as growing in the front garden of Mr. A. Razumovsky near Moscow.[30]
It was later published with an illustration in The Gardeners' Chronicle 3rd. Series Vol.59 on page 196 on 8 April 1916.[32]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014,[25] then as of January 2015, it is listed as a tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[33]
Iris tenuifolia is native to a wide region, of various temperate areas of Central Asia.[25][33] Which extends from the Volga through Turkestan into Mongolia,[12] and China.
It is found in the western Asian countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan.[3][6][25]
Also in the middle Asian countries of (the former Soviet Union republics of); Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia.[3][14][25] Also found in regions of Russia, including Agin-Buryat Okrug, Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Chita and Siberia.[13][14][25] It is listed with Iris bloudowii, Iris humilis, Iris ruthenica, Iris sibirica and Iris tigridia as being found in the Altai-Sayan region (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).[34]
It is found within central China,[9][10][14] in the provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, (Shandong[3]), Shanxi, Xinjiang and Xizang.[3][4][25]
One reference mentions Turkey,[6] another reference mentions Iran.[11] Since most others do not mention these countries, they are not regarded as valid.
It is grown in semi-desert, desert or mild mountainous areas.[15]
On sandy steppes, on dunes, beside sandy riverine grasslands or river banks, on dry coastal sand regions, on gravelly desert-like slopes and in the crevices of rocks.[8][10][15]
It is also grown at altitudes of 1000 to 4200m above sea level.[6][8][13]
In north east China, it is found growing on poor soils on open tree-less plains.[11]
In 2003, it was listed as an endemic vascular species of the temperate steppe region of Inner Mongolia, China, along with Stipa grandis, Artemisia frigida, Festuca ovina, Thymus serpyllum, Caragana microphylla, Koeleria cristata and others.[35]
It is included in the IUCN 'Red Data Book' of the Chita Oblast of 2002, listed as 'rare'. It is now protected in Dauria and Khopyor reserves.[30]
Iris tenuifolia is rare in cultivation in the UK.[9][36] It is rare in cultivation in the US as well.[11]
They are more grown by specialised collectors or for scientific and research purposes.[6][11]
It was sometimes used as annual plant and only planted during the summer (in the UK, in 1800s).[36]
It is hardy, if sited in a northern continental climate. Similar to Nebraska, North Dakota or South Dakota.[11] It is hardy in parts of Russia. It has been grown in Moscow, St Petersburg and Chita.[10]
It prefers sandy or sandy loam soils, similar to the desert habitat.[6][9][15] It prefers alkaline soils.[8]
They prefer positions in full sun.[8]
It needs to be kept dry during winter, needing the protection of bulb frames (in the UK). It only needs water during the growing period.[9] The plant loses its foliage during the winter, as it is removed by the forces of wind, snow and other bad weather conditions. It then re-grows leaves, in April and May.[11]
It has high drought and heat tolerance (desert-like conditions).[8][11][15]
The seed of Iris tenuifolia is rarely used by western horticulturists, as the plants rarely flower.[11] William Rickatson Dykes notes that it made no satisfactory growth and never flowered.[2]
In other flowering regions, the seed can be harvested in autumn, washed, fresh or dried.[6]
Due to its high drought and heat resistance, it could be useful in breeding purposes.[10][30]
In 2001, a study was carried to monitor the effects of the iris, within a herbal remedy for kidney protection was carried out.[29]
The Iris genus has been used as a traditional folk medicine, used to treat a variety of diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.[37] It was found that compounds isolated from Iris germanica have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malarial parasite and anti-TB and other positive effects.[38]
The roots, seeds and flowers of the iris, are used as ingredients in herbal medicines. They have been used as tocolysis (also called anti-contraction medications or labor represents) and to treat fetal metrorrhagia.[6]
On 24 December 2009, a patent was granted, for the extraction of Iris tenuifolia. Due to its chemical compounds being used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.[37]
{{cite web}}
|url=
Species of bird Turquoise jay In the Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve, Ecuador Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae Genus: Cyanolyca Species: C. turcosa Binomial name Cyanolyca turcosa(Bonaparte, 1853) Synonyms Xanthura turcosa The turquoise jay (Cyanolyca turcosa) is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. The turquoise jay is a vibrant b…
Кириченко Микола Овксентійович Народився 22 травня 1925(1925-05-22)Томилівка, Томилівська сільська рада (Білоцерківський район), Білоцерківський район, Київська областьПомер 8 липня 2005(2005-07-08) (80 років)Київ, УкраїнаКраїна СРСР УкраїнаДіяльність художник, мистецтвознавець…
Aerógrafo de ação simples e sucção Aerógrafo de ação dupla, gravitacional O aerógrafo[1] é um instrumento utilizado para elaborar pinturas e gravuras por meio da pulverização proveniente de uma fonte de ar comprimido, como compressores de ar ou latas de esprei, cuja tinta é expelida pela pressão da fonte de ar. Consiste em um equipamento com gatilho que controla o jato de ar, de modo a projetar o jato no local desejado, seja sugando de um recipiente, seja usando a pressão da tinta…
Markas besar PBB di New York City Pertemuan Puncak Dunia 2005, 14–16 September 2005, adalah sebuah pertemuan puncak susulan dari Pertemuan Puncak Milenium 2000 Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, yang menghasilkan Deklarasi Milenium Tujuan Pembangunan Milenium. Para perwakilan (termasuk beberapa pemimpin) dari 191 negara-negara anggota PBB saat itu bertemu di New York City dalam kesempatan sekali dalam satu generasi untuk membuat keputusan yang berani dalam bidang pembangunan, keamanan, hak asasi manu…
العلاقات البحرينية الفلبينية البحرين الفلبين السفارات سفارة الفلبين في البحرين السفير : ساهيد قلانق العنوان : فيلا: 939 طريق: 3220 مجمع: 332 الماحوز قنصلية البحرين الفخرية في الفلبين السفير : أمابل س. أغويلوز العنوان : الدور ال
American economist Douglas DiamondDiamond at the White House in 2022BornDouglas Warren Diamond (1953-10-25) October 25, 1953 (age 70)Known forDiamond–Dybvig modelChildrenRebecca DiamondAwardsNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2022)Academic backgroundEducationBrown University (BA)Yale University (MA, MPhil, PhD)ThesisEssays on Information and Financial Intermediation (1980)Doctoral advisorStephen A. RossAcademic workDisciplineEconomicsInstitutionsUniversity of Chicago Dou…
يقصد ب السينما الآسيوية التي تعرف أحيانا كذلك بٱسم السينما الشرقية صناعة السينما والأفلام وجل الإنتاجات السينمائية المنتجة في قارة آسيا. لكن غالبا ما يتم ٱستخدام مصطلح السينما الشرقية للإشارة إلى سينما شرق، جنوب شرق وجنوب آسيا، أما سينما غرب آسيا فتصنف أحيانا كجزء من سينما…
2016 Tasmanian BushfiresCushion plant and pencil pine, Lake Mackenzie fire, TasmaniaLocationCentral Highlands as well multiple locations in Western, North-Western, South Western and Southern TasmaniaStatisticsDate(s)January 2016-autumn 2016Burned area100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) +CauseLightning, arsonLand useWorld Heritage reserves,Non-fatal injuries1 firefighter The 2016 Tasmanian Bushfires were a large series of bushfires in Tasmania which started in January 2016 throughout the state, and …
Processo all'amoreFoto di scena del filmLingua originaleitaliano Paese di produzioneItalia Anno1955 Durata91 min Dati tecniciB/N Generedrammatico, sentimentale RegiaEnzo Liberti SoggettoAlfredo Angeli, Enzo Liberti, Mario Sigfrido Metalli, Nora Visconti SceneggiaturaAlfredo Angeli, Enzo Liberti, Mario Sigfrido Metalli, Nora Visconti Casa di produzioneAquila Cinematografica Distribuzione in italianoIndipendenti Regionali MusicheRiz Ortolani Interpreti e personaggi Checco Durante: Checco Maria…
Monokultur kentang di Maine, A.S. Pertanaman tunggal atau monokultur adalah salah satu cara budidaya di lahan pertanian dengan menanam satu jenis tanaman pada satu areal. Cara budidaya ini meluas praktiknya sejak paruh kedua abad ke-20 di dunia serta menjadi penciri pertanian intensif dan pertanian industrial. Monokultur menjadikan penggunaan lahan efisien karena memungkinkan perawatan dan pemanenan secara cepat dengan bantuan mesin pertanian dan menekan biaya tenaga kerja karena keseragaman tan…
Planning efforts during WW2 Adolf HitlerBenito MussoliniHirohito German and Japanese direct spheres of influence at their greatest extents in fall 1942. Arrows show planned movements to the proposed demarcation line at 70° E, which was, however, never even approximated. Map showing the possible borders of a partitioned USSR (which includes planned annexations of other areas.) Shaded areas show possible disputes that could have arisen. Nazi Germany / Lebensraum Italian Em…
Comic book series Marvel Zombies 5Cover of Marvel Zombies 5 1 (June 2010), art by Rafa GarresPublication informationPublisherMarvel ComicsScheduleMonthlyFormatLimited seriesGenre Superhero Publication dateJune – October 2010No. of issues5Main character(s)MorbiusMachine ManHoward the DuckJacali KaneCreative teamWritten byFred Van LentePenciller(s)Jose Angel Cano LopezInker(s)Thomas Palmer Sr.Alvaro LopezLetterer(s)Simon BowlandColorist(s)Val StaplesEditor(s)Michael HorwitzMark Panicci…
María Carolina de Saboya Princesa de Sajonia Información personalNombre completo María Carolina Antonieta AdelaidaOtros títulos Duquesa de Sajonia Princesa de Cerdeña Princesa de SaboyaNacimiento 17 de enero de 1764Palacio Real, Turín, Reino de CerdeñaFallecimiento 28 de diciembre de 1782 (18 años)Palacio de Dresde, Dresde, Electorado de SajoniaSepultura Hofkirche (Dresde)FamiliaCasa real SaboyaPadre Víctor Amadeo III de CerdeñaMadre María Antonia de EspañaConsorte Antonio I de Sajon…
Gustav Wilhelm Körber Información personalNacimiento 10 de enero de 1817HirschbergFallecimiento 27 de enero de 1885BreslaviaResidencia AlemaniaNacionalidad alemánEducaciónEducado en Universidad de Breslavia Información profesionalÁrea liquenólogo, micólogoEmpleador Universidad de Breslavia Abreviatura en botánica Körb.Miembro de Academia Alemana de las Ciencias Naturales Leopoldina [editar datos en Wikidata] Gustav Wilhelm Körber (10 de enero de 1817, Hirschberg - 27 de ener…
Trieste trolleybus systemTrieste, Goldoni Square in 1951 (on the left, trolleybus Garavini on route A)OperationLocaleTrieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia, ItalyOpen1935Close1975Owner(s)Municipality of TriesteOperator(s)A.C.E.G.A.T.InfrastructureElectrification600 V a.c.Depot(s)2 (Broletto and San Sabba) Trieste's trolleybus system was operational from 1935 until 1975. History The first trolleybus route in Trieste, “la linea dei colli” (the hills route), was inaugurated in 1935 between the central …
First Koizumi Cabinet87th Cabinet of JapanPrime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (front row, centre) with his new cabinet inside the Kantei, April 26, 2001Date formedApril 26, 2001Date dissolvedNovember 19, 2003People and organisationsHead of stateEmperor AkihitoHead of governmentJunichiro KoizumiMember partyLDP-NKP-NCP coalitionStatus in legislatureCoalition majorityOpposition partyDemocratic Party of JapanOpposition leaderYukio Hatoyama (2001-2002) Naoto Kan (2002-2003)HistoryElection(s)2001 council…
Happy 2006黎明北京演唱會黎明的中國內地演唱会地点 中华人民共和国北京工人體育館日期2005年12月31日场数1場来宾光良预算約二百萬元人民幣黎明演唱会年表 黎明中國巡迴演唱會（2001） Happy 2006黎明北京演唱會（2006） 優越之夜黎明上海演唱會（2006） Happy 2006黎明北京演唱會是香港歌手黎明的個人演唱會[1]，由北京金藝廣苑文化發展有限公司主辦[2]，演唱會於200…
Principauté de Stavelot-Malmedy(de) Reichsabtei Stablo-Malmedy (nl) Abdijvorstendom Stavelot-Malmedy(en) Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy 651 – 1794(1143 ans et 28 jours) Les territoires de la Principauté (rouge).Informations générales Statut Principauté ecclésiastique du Saint-Empire romain germanique. Capitale Stavelot Langue(s) Français Religion Catholicisme Démographie Population 30 000 hab. (est. 1795) Superficie Superficie ± 723 km² Histo…
Part of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 38°56′27″N 121°36′31″E / 38.940919°N 121.60861°E / 38.940919; 121.60861 Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company 大连船舶重工集团有限公司TypeState-owned enterpriseIndustryShipbuildingFounded1898HeadquartersDalian, Liaoning, ChinaKey peopleLiu Zheng (Chairman)[1]Revenue CN¥20 billion[2]Total assets CN¥100 billion[2]ParentChina Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (merged into China S…
Metro station in Tehran, Iran Mellat Metro Stationایستگاه مترو ملتTehran Metro StationGeneral informationLocation Ekbatan Street- Mellat StreetDistrict 12, Tehran, Tehran CountyTehran Province, IranCoordinates35°41′20″N 51°25′37″E / 35.68889°N 51.42694°E / 35.68889; 51.42694Operated byTehran Urban and Suburban Railways Organization (Metro)HistoryOpened1382 H-Sh (2003)Services Preceding station Tehran Metro Following station Imam Khomeinitowards T…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.119.117.158