International Friendship Exhibition

International Friendship Exhibition
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl	국제친선전람관
Hancha	國際親誼展覽館
Revised Romanization	Gukje Chinseon Jeollamgwan
McCune–Reischauer	Kukche Ch'insŏn Chŏllamgwan

The International Friendship Exhibition is a large museum complex located at Myohyangsan, North Pyongan Province, North Korea. It is a collection of halls that house gifts presented to former leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il from various foreign dignitaries. The protocol of gift-giving is well established in Korean culture.^[1]

History

Built in a traditional style, the halls opened on 26 August 1978^[2] and consist of over 150 rooms covering a total area of between 28,000^[3] and 70,000 square metres.^[1] The building offers the impression that it has windows, though it has none.^[4] According to a local legend, Kim Jong Il built the International Friendship Exhibition in three days; however, actual construction took a year.^[5] Currently, estimates of how many gifts the exhibition holds vary between 60,000^[6] and 220,000 gifts.^[7] On entering the exhibition, shoes must be removed and visitors are asked to bow before portraits of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il.^[8] Satellite imagery from 2017 shows increased underground activity at the site, suggesting an expansion may be underway.^[9]

The setting of the museum in the Myohyang mountains, near the Pohyon temple, was the subject of a poem by Kim Il Sung, which he later chanted from the balcony of the International Friendship Exhibition on October 15, 1979:^[10]

"On the balcony I see the most
glorious scene in the world...
The Exhibition stands here,
its green eaves upturned, to exalt
The dignity of the nation,
and Piro Peak looks higher still."

The museum is said to act as propaganda, giving the impression of worldwide support for the North Korean government.^[11] Visitors to the museum are informed that the number of gifts constitute "proof of the endless love and respect toward the Great Leader [Kim Il Sung]."^[12] However, North Korean visitors to the site are unaware of the ceremonial exchange of gifts in diplomatic protocol, and are described by Helen-Louise Hunter to be "impressed by the self-serving explanations offered to them."^[13] Another author, Byoung-lo Philo Kim, states that the entire exhibition is "aimed at convincing [North] Korean visitors that their leaders are universally admired."^[14]

Gifts

Most of the gifts received were from friendly communist nations and states. Such gifts include:

A stuffed bear's head from former Romanian leader Nicolae Ceaușescu.^[15]
A small metal equestrian statue of a horseman and ornate chess-boards from former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.^[15]
A crocodile-skin suitcase from former Cuban leader Fidel Castro.^[15]
A gem-encrusted silver sword and a miniature of a mosque made from mother of pearl, given by former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.^[15]
An antique gramophone from China's first premier Zhou Enlai and an armoured train-car from the PRC's first chairman, Mao Zedong (entire wings in the exhibition centre are dedicated to displayed gifts from China).^[15]
An ivory lion statue from Tanzania, a gold cigarette-case from Yugoslavia, a bronze Soviet tank miniature from East Germany and a pair of silver chopsticks from Mongolia.^[15]
A basketball signed by Michael Jordan given by former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.^[16]
A bulletproof limousine from former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.^[7]
An alligator holding out a wooden tray of cocktail glasses with a matching ashtray, from Nicaraguan Sandinistas.^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b Martin, Bradley, K. (May 16, 2007). "Kim Jong Il Gets the Gifts, and All North Korea Ends Up Paying". Bloomberg L.P.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Anniversary of International Friendship Exhibition marked". Korean Central News Agency. August 26, 1998. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
^ Pang, Hwan Ju (1987). Korean Review (3 ed.). Foreign Languages Pub. House. p. 212.
^ "International Friendship Exhibition, treasure-house of Korea". Korean Central News Agency. June 5, 1998. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
^ Lim, Jae-Cheon (2009). Kim Jong Il's Leadership of North Korea. Taylor & Francis. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-415-48195-3.
^ Houtryve, Tomas Van (August 20, 2009). "Journey to North Korea, Part II: The Pack-Rat Dictatorship". Time. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "North Korean museum shows off leaders' gifts". The Age. Reuters. December 21, 2006.
^ Vines, Stephen (August 14, 1997). "The Great Leader rules from beyond the grave". The Independent.
^ "International Friendship Exhibition Expands". MyNorthKorea-AccessDPRK. July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
^ Deane, Hugh (1999). The Korean War 1945-1953. China Books. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-8351-2644-1.
^ Portal, Jane; British Museum (2005). Art under control in North Korea. Reaktion Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-86189-236-2.
^ Hunter, Helen-Louise (1999). Kim Il-sŏng's North Korea. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-275-96296-8.
^ Hunter, 1999, p. 213.
^ Kim, Byoung-lo Philo (1992). Two Koreas in development: a comparative study of principles and strategies of capitalist and communist Third World development. Transaction Publishers. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-88738-437-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gluckman, Ron (1990s). "90,000 ways to Love a Leader".
^ Wire News Services (November 15, 2009). "Kim Jong-il's North Korea welcomes legal U.S. tourists". Herald de Paris. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
^ "North Korea's International Friendship Exhibition Hall". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2021-03-08.