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Specifications
Specifications
Configuration:;
• AAR	C-C
• UIC	Co′Co′
• Commonwealth	Co-Co
Gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Bogies	3-Axle Cast Steel frame, Swing bolster with Equalizer beams
Wheel diameter	New: 1,200 mm (3 ft 11 in),; Half worn: 1,182 mm (3 ft 10+1⁄2 in) and; Full worn: 1,114 mm (3 ft 8 in)
Wheelbase	2,426 mm (8 ft 0 in)
Length:;
• Over couplers	19.583 m (64 ft 3 in)
• Over body	18.313 m (60 ft 1 in)
Width	3.199 m (10 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
Height	4.264 m (13 ft 11+7⁄8 in)
Frame type	3-Axle Cast Steel frame
Axle load	19.11 tonnes (18.81 long tons; 21.07 short tons)
Loco weight	113.00 tonnes (111.22 long tons; 124.56 short tons)
Sandbox cap.	24 sandboxes, each with 63.5 Kg capacity
Power supply	110 V DC
Electric system/s	Before conversion: 3.0 kV DC Overhead; After conversion: 1.5 kV DC Overhead
Current pickup(s)	Pantograph
Traction motors	Hitachi HS-373-AR-16
• Rating 1 hour	330A
• Continuous	231A
Gear ratio	16:51
MU working	Not possible
Loco brake	Air/Hand
Train brakes	Vacuum
Compressor	7.00 kg/cm²
Safety systems	Slip man Control, Over voltage relay, No volt relay, Low pressure governor

Type and origin
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Designer	Hitachi
Builder	Hitachi
Order number	55/459/18RE
Model	EM/3
Build date	1958
Total produced	3
Rebuilder	Research Design and Standards Organisation
Rebuild date	1960-1961
Number rebuilt	3

Indian locomotive class WCM-3
Indian locomotive class WCM-3
Power type
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Designer	Hitachi
Builder	Hitachi
Order number	55/459/18RE
Model	EM/3
Build date	1958
Total produced	3
Rebuilder	Research Design and Standards Organisation
Rebuild date	1960-1961
Number rebuilt	3
Configuration:;
Specifications
Configuration:;
• AAR	C-C
• UIC	Co′Co′
• Commonwealth	Co-Co
Gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Bogies	3-Axle Cast Steel frame, Swing bolster with Equalizer beams
Wheel diameter	New: 1,200 mm (3 ft 11 in),; Half worn: 1,182 mm (3 ft 10+1⁄2 in) and; Full worn: 1,114 mm (3 ft 8 in)
Wheelbase	2,426 mm (8 ft 0 in)
Length:;
• Over couplers	19.583 m (64 ft 3 in)
• Over body	18.313 m (60 ft 1 in)
Width	3.199 m (10 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
Height	4.264 m (13 ft 11+7⁄8 in)
Frame type	3-Axle Cast Steel frame
Axle load	19.11 tonnes (18.81 long tons; 21.07 short tons)
Loco weight	113.00 tonnes (111.22 long tons; 124.56 short tons)
Sandbox cap.	24 sandboxes, each with 63.5 Kg capacity
Power supply	110 V DC
Electric system/s	Before conversion: 3.0 kV DC Overhead; After conversion: 1.5 kV DC Overhead
Current pickup(s)	Pantograph
Traction motors	Hitachi HS-373-AR-16
• Rating 1 hour	330A
• Continuous	231A
Gear ratio	16:51
MU working	Not possible
Loco brake	Air/Hand
Train brakes	Vacuum
Compressor	7.00 kg/cm²
Safety systems	Slip man Control, Over voltage relay, No volt relay, Low pressure governor
Maximum speed
Performance figures
Maximum speed	120.7 km/h (75 mph)
Power output:;
• Starting	Max: 3,610 hp (2,690 kW)
• 1 hour	Max: 3,610 hp (2,690 kW)
• Continuous	Max: 2,460 hp (1,830 kW)
Tractive effort:;
• Starting	28,200 kgf (280 kN)
• 1 hour	16,900 kgf (170 kN)
• Continuous	10,220 kgf (100 kN)
Factor of adh.	25
Operators
Career
Operators	Indian Railways
Class	EM/3
Numbers	20073-20076
Locale	Eastern Railways (1958-1961); Central Railways (1961-1995)
Delivered	1958
First run	ER: 1958; CR: 1961
Last run	January 1995
Retired	March 1995
Scrapped	After 1995
Disposition	All scrapped

The Indian locomotive class WCM-3 was a class of 3 kV DC, later 1.5 kV DC electric locomotives that were developed in 1958 by Hitachi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Direct Current (C), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1958. A total of 3 WCM-3 locomotives were built in Japan in 1958.

The WCM-3 served both passenger and freight trains for nearly forty years. With the introduction of more modern types of locomotives and 25 KV AC electrification, all three were withdrawn in the mid-1990s after repeated failures, and were subsequently scrapped.

History

The history of WCM-3 begins in the late 1950s with the stated aim of the Indian Railways (IR) to remove steam locomotives working on the Eastern Railway (ER) after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee.^[1]^[2] In the late 1950s the Kolkata Suburban Railway was established and electrified with overhead 3000 V DC supply.^[3] So Indian Railways began to look at various designs.

Initially, Indian railways invited tenders to build locomotives to the new specification. The following responses were received:

Hitachi submitted their model with Co-Co bogies, 3600 horsepower rating, and a top speed of 105 km/h.
Vulcan Foundry and English Electric submitted a similar model with 3120 hp and a top speed of 105 km/h.

Each company submitted their prototypes and Indian Railways designated these prototypes as the WCM-3 class and WCM-2 class respectively.^[4]

Indian Railways decided to procure three 3000 V DC electric locomotives from Hitachi. They are manufactured in Japan and shipped to India in 1958, where they were initially designated as the class EM/3. These locomotives were the third mixed-traffic electric locomotives to roam in India and also had the now-common Co-Co wheel arrangement.^[5] They were easily recognizable with their smaller size and separate light enclosures for the marker lights and the tail lamps (just above the buffers). They had their cab doors placed near the cab unlike the WCM-1 class.

The WCM-3 were first used on trains in the Kolkata suburban section, painted in a black livery with a red lining in the middle.^[6] Their initial role, however, was short-lived, as by 1960 the Kolkata Suburban Railway was converted to 25 kV AC, rendering the relatively new WCM-3s unusable. The Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) decided to convert the WCM-3 locomotives to run on the 1500 V DC power supply used in Central Railway (CR) without loss of power.

After their transferal to Central Railways in 1961, the WCM-3 locomotives were used on many express trains, but had some problems and were relegated to hauling low speed passenger trains, shunting and freight duties only. In the mid 1990s Central Railways decided to withdraw these locomotives from service and all 3 units were scrapped with none preserved.^{[citation needed]}