Ilex umbellulata

Ilex umbellulata
A tree in Bangladesh
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Aquifoliales
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Genus: Ilex
Species:
I. umbellulata
Binomial name
Ilex umbellulata
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Ehretia umbellulata Wall.
  • Ilex sulcata Wall. ex Hook.f.
  • Ilex godajam var. sulcata (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Kurz
  • Ilex umbellulata var. megalophylla Loes.
  • Pseudehretia umbellulata (Wall.) Turczaninow
A red-whiskered bulbul feeds upon the ripening fruit of Ilex umbellulata

Ilex umbellulata is an evergreen tree species related to holly, generally four to fifteen metres in height. It is found in Southeast Asia. This tree is most often found growing in forests.

Taxonomy

The species was first described from West Bengal, or possibly Myanmar, or possibly Assam, by Nathaniel Wallich in 1824, who named the species Ehretia umbellulata.[1][4] Wallich classified the genus in the botanical family Boraginaceae at the time.[4] In 1901 the German Aquifoliaceae specialist Ludwig Eduard Theodor Lösener moved the species to the genus Ilex.[1] Wallich did not properly designate a holotype (or any types) for his taxon, therefore in 1985 a specimen (EICH4329) collected in 1822 (probably near the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh, although the label is ambiguous), was selected as the holotype from among the specimens in the East India Company Herbarium collection housed at Kew Botanical Gardens. The specimen is not completely ideal: it is mounted on the same sheet as the holotype of I. godajam.[5] There are also a number of isotypes with the same collection number housed at Kew.[2]

Description

Ilex umbellulata is a spreading, evergreen tree or shrub, reaching up to fifteen, exceptionally eighteen, metres in height,[3] and with glabrous branchlets. The bark is grey-brown. The glabrous leaves have an ovate, elliptic or oblong shape, with 1-2 cm long petioles, an entire margin, and minute stipules. Flowers are small, pale white and fragrant. The plants flower and fruit in April to September in Bangladesh,[6] but flowers from May to September, fruiting July to November in Yunnan.[3]

Distribution

The distribution includes the Andaman Islands,[2] Assam,[2] Bangladesh,[2][3][7] the eastern Himalayan region of India,[2] China[2] (restricted to Yunnan),[3] Myanmar,[2][3] the Nicobar Islands,[2] Thailand,[2][3] Laos,[2] and Vietnam.[2][3]

The tree is only found in Kaptai National Park[7] and the forest of Khagrachari in Bangladesh. It is a very rare tree in Bangladesh.[6]

Ecology

Ilex umbellulata occurs at altitudes of 500 to 1,700 metres in Yunnan. The species is most often found growing in a habitat of evergreen broadleaf forests or on sparsely-forested slopes in China.[3] It occurs in both primary and secondary woodland in Bangladesh.[6] The fruit is edible and most of the local fruit-eating bird species visit during the fruiting period.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Ilex umbellulata". International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Ilex umbellulata in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  4. ^ a b "Ehretia umbellulata". International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Specimen Details K000639390". Kew Herbarium Catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Species Description – Flora of Bangladesh". Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  7. ^ a b c "BirdingASIA 25". Oriental Bird Club. Retrieved 2020-10-04.

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