Mathematics concept
In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and geometric measure theory , homological integration or geometric integration is a method for extending the notion of the integral to manifolds . Rather than functions or differential forms , the integral is defined over currents on a manifold.
The theory is "homological" because currents themselves are defined by duality with differential forms. To wit, the space D k of k -currents on a manifold M is defined as the dual space , in the sense of distributions , of the space of k -forms Ωk on M . Thus there is a pairing between k -currents T and k -forms α , denoted here by
⟨ ⟨ -->
T
,
α α -->
⟩ ⟩ -->
.
{\displaystyle \langle T,\alpha \rangle .}
Under this duality pairing, the exterior derivative
d
:
Ω Ω -->
k
− − -->
1
→ → -->
Ω Ω -->
k
{\displaystyle d:\Omega ^{k-1}\to \Omega ^{k}}
goes over to a boundary operator
∂ ∂ -->
:
D
k
→ → -->
D
k
− − -->
1
{\displaystyle \partial :D^{k}\to D^{k-1}}
defined by
⟨ ⟨ -->
∂ ∂ -->
T
,
α α -->
⟩ ⟩ -->
=
⟨ ⟨ -->
T
,
d
α α -->
⟩ ⟩ -->
{\displaystyle \langle \partial T,\alpha \rangle =\langle T,d\alpha \rangle }
for all α ∈ Ωk . This is a homological rather than cohomological construction.
References
Federer, Herbert (1969), Geometric measure theory , Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 153, New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc., pp. xiv+676, ISBN 978-3-540-60656-7 , MR 0257325 , Zbl 0176.00801 .
Whitney, H. (1957), Geometric Integration Theory , Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 21, Princeton, NJ and London: Princeton University Press and Oxford University Press , pp. XV+387, MR 0087148 , Zbl 0083.28204 .