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Hoàng Liên National Park
Hoàng Liên National Park
Vườn quốc gia Hoàng Liên
IUCN category II (national park)
	Part of Hoàng Liên National Park
	Location in Vietnam
Location	Northern Vietnam
Nearest city	Lào Cai
Coordinates	22°15′00″N 103°30′00″E / 22.25000°N 103.50000°E
Area	68,569 ha
Established	2002
Governing body	UBND of Lào Cai Province
	www.laocai.gov.vn/sites/vuonquocgia/Trang/trangchu.aspx

Hoang Lien National Park (Vietnamese: Vườn quốc gia Hoàng Liên, also known as Hoàng Liên Sơn, Dãy Hoàng Liên) is a national park within Hoang Lien Son Range, in the districts of Sa Pa and Than Uyên of Lào Cai Province, and part of Phong Thổ District in Lai Châu Province in Northern Vietnam. Its area is 68,569 hectares (264.75 sq mi) with terrain mostly between 1,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level.^[1]

The national park was established according to the Decision number 90/2002/QĐ-TTg dated 12 July 2006 by the government of Vietnam.^[2] This decision turned the Nature Reserve into a National Park. Hoang Lien National Park is recognized as a part of ASEAN Heritage Parks and a Centre of Plant Diversity in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Plant Conservation Program.^[3]

Location

Hoang Lien National Park is Vietnam's mountainous Northwest and includes Fansipan, the highest mountain in Vietnam and on the Indochinese Peninsula.^[4]

The total area of the core national park is 29,845 hectares (115.23 sq mi), which includes a strict protected area of 11,875 ha; a "forest rehabilitation area" of 17,900 ha; and an administration services area of 70 ha.^[3] The core part of Hoang Lien National Park is within San Sa Ho, Lao Chai, Ta Van, Ban Ho populated places, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai Province, and a part of Muong Khoa, Than Thuoc communes, Than Uyen district.

The total peripheral area, the Hoang Lien Son-Van Ban section, is 38,724 hectares (149.51 sq mi),^[5] consisting of Sa Pa town and a few communes within Sa Pa and Van Ban districts, Lao Cai Province; and 2 communes within Phong Tho district, Lai Chau. There are six ethnic groups living in this area, with Dao and H'mong people being the majority.^[2]

Biodiversity

Hoang Lien National Park is home to numerous species of plants and animals, many of which are rare and endangered.

Flora and fauna

Over 3000 plant species have been recorded in the park, including many endemic and endangered species. The mountainous terrain of the park means distinct altitudinal zonation is seen, with the flora changing from tropical plants at low elevations to temperate alpine plants at high elevations.^[1] An estimated amount of 25 percent of Vietnam's endemic plants are found on Fansipan mountain.^[6]

Butterflies and Moths

At the turn of the century, a total of 199 butterfly species had been observed in Hoang Lien National Park. For moths, the Tortricid Fansipaniana is named after the mountain, which is the type locality; other records include 78 species of sphynx moths and a total of 286 species of Noctuidae.^[6]

Vertebrates

There are ten species of animals and four species of birds which are globally endangered were recorded in the park, including the Fansipan shrew mole.^[7] The population of mammals in Hoang Lien National Park is low due to poaching.

In 1999, it is recorded that there are 347 bird species in and around the nature reserve, including 49 species that are restricted in Vietnam to North-west Tonkin. Fansipan is the type locality for the snake Protobothrops cornutus and about one-third of amphibian species present in Vietnam can be found in the park.^[3] A total of 38 different anuran (frogs and toads) species were observed in Hoang Lien National Park in 1997-1998.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Kieu, Quoc Lap; Nguyen, Tien Thanh (2014-11-05). "Study on the distribution characteristics of the vegetation in high elevations in Hoang Lien National Park of Vietnam". Journal of Vietnamese Environment. 6 (2): 84–88. doi:10.13141/jve.vol6.no2.pp84-88. ISSN 2193-6471.
^ ^a ^b "Welcome to Viet Nam Creatures Website". 2016-03-05. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam: Second Edition - Hoang Lien National Park". Viet Nature Conservation Centre. 2004-04-23. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
^ "Hoang Lien National Park, Viet Nam". Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF). Retrieved 2022-08-13.
^ "Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam: Second Edition - Hoang Lien Son-Van Ban Proposed Nature Reserve". Viet Nature Conservation Centre. 2004-04-23. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
^ ^a ^b ^c Frontier Vietnam (1999) Tordoff, A., Swan, S., Grindlry, M. & Siurua, H.. (eds) Hoang Lien Nature Reserve.Conservation Evaluation 1997/98. Frontier Vietnam Environmental Research Report 17.. Society for Environmental Exploration, UK and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi.
^ Gärdenfors, Ulf; Stattersfield, A. J. (1996). 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN.