Henry Puna

The Honourable
Henry Puna
Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum
In office
24 May 2021 – 23 May 2024[1]
Preceded byMeg Taylor
Succeeded byBaron Waqa
Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
In office
30 November 2010 – 1 October 2020
MonarchElizabeth II
DeputyTom Marsters
Teariki Heather
Mark Brown
Queen's RepresentativeFrederick Tutu Goodwin
Tom Marsters
Preceded byJim Marurai
Succeeded byMark Brown
Additional Ministries
Minister of Energy
In office
3 December 2010 – 1 October 2020
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded bySmiley Heather
Succeeded byMark Brown
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
3 November 2013 – 1 October 2020
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byTom Marsters
Succeeded byMark Brown
Minister of Marine Resources
In office
3 November 2013 – 1 October 2020
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byTeina Bishop
Succeeded byMark Brown
Minister of Education
In office
17 December 2014 – 4 June 2020
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byMona Ioane
Succeeded byVaine Mokoroa
Minister of Transport
In office
3 November 2013 – 20 September 2018
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byTom Marsters
Succeeded byRobert Tapaitau
Minister of Police
In office
March 2020 – 1 October 2020
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byVaine Mokoroa
Succeeded byMark Brown
In office
3 December 2010 – 17 April 2012
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byJim Marurai
Succeeded byTeariki Heather
Minister for the Environment
In office
3 December 2010 – 3 November 2013
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byCassey Eggelton
Succeeded byKiriau Turepu
Minister of Justice
In office
3 December 2010 – 3 November 2013
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byApii Piho
Succeeded byTeariki Heather
Member of the Cook Islands Parliament
for Manihiki
In office
17 November 2010 – 24 March 2021
Preceded byApii Piho
Succeeded byAkaiti Puna
In office
8 February 2005 – 27 September 2006
Preceded byRobert Woonton
Succeeded byApii Piho
Personal details
Born (1949-07-29) 29 July 1949 (age 75)
Aitutaki, Cook Islands
Political partyCook Islands Party
SpouseAkaiti Puna
Children5
EducationUniversity of Auckland
University of Tasmania

Henry Tuakeu Puna[2] (born 29 July 1949)[3] is a Cook Islands politician. He most recently served as the secretary-general of the Pacific Islands Forum from May of 2021 to 2024.[4] He was Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from November 2010 to October 2020. Since 2006 he has been leader of the Cook Islands Party.[5]

Puna was elected to the Parliament of the Cook Islands at the 2005 Manihiki by-election. He lost his seat at the 2006 election, but regained it in the CIP victory at the 2010 election which saw him elected prime minister. During his time as prime minister, he held various ministerial portfolios, including Foreign affairs, Marine Resources, and Energy.

In June 2020 Puna announced his intention to stand down as prime minister in September to compete for the role of secretary-general of the Pacific Islands Forum. He stepped down from office on 1 October 2020.[6] On 4 February 2021 he was elected as secretary-general, replacing Meg Taylor.[7]

Early life

Puna grew up in Aitutaki.[3] He was educated on Aitutaki and Rarotonga before studying law at the University of Auckland in New Zealand and the University of Tasmania in Australia.[3] He worked as a lawyer, public-servant and pearl-farmer before entering politics.[8] In September 1999 he was appointed Cook Islands High Commissioner to New Zealand.[8] He was replaced in 2000 by Wilkie Rasmussen.[9]

Puna's father, Tuakeu Manuela, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly, and his older brothers William Estall and Ngereteina Puna both served as Cabinet Ministers, also his brother Manuela Puna served as Clerk of the Cook Islands Parliament.[3]

Political career

Puna first stood for Parliament at the 2004 election, contesting Prime Minister Robert Woonton's seat of Manihiki.[10] He narrowly lost the seat on election night,[11] but challenged the result in an election petition.[12] The petition was upheld, with several voters being disqualified; the subsequent recount produced a tie,[13] precipitating the 2005 Manihiki by-election which Puna ultimately won.[14]

In September 2006, following the retirement of party leader Geoffrey Henry, Puna was elected leader of the Cook Islands Party.[15] He subsequently lost his seat in the Manihiki constituency to Apii Piho in the 2006 election,[16] but continued to serve as leader outside Parliament. Because he was not a member of Parliament, Puna was not the leader of the opposition; this position was filled by Tom Marsters.[17] Puna worked as a lawyer and pearl farmer during his time out of parliament.[18]

In September 2009, Puna was unanimously re-elected party leader.[5]

Prime Minister (2010–2020)

First term: 2010–2014

Puna was re-elected as MP for Manihiki during the 2010 election, in which his party won 16 of the 24 seats. On 30 November 2010 he was sworn in as Prime Minister of the Cook Islands.[3][19] He announced his initial Cabinet four days later, on 3 December.[20][21] Puna's initial policy priorities were to boost the economy[22] and negotiate a new aid relationship with New Zealand.[23] Shortly after being elected, Puna faced international condemnation after suggesting that the Cook Islands' first HIV victim should be quarantined or deported to prevent the disease from spreading.[24] In February 2011 he shifted the focus of state-owned enterprises from making profits to providing improved services,[25] and announced greater transparency over the travel costs of Ministers and MPs.[26] In May 2011 he expanded his Cabinet, adding three associate Ministers.[27] In July 2011 he announced a long-term renewable energy programme, with an initial goal of reaching 50% renewable electricity by 2015, and 100% by 2020.[28] Backed by funding from Australia, New Zealand, and the Asian Development Bank, the northern islands were converted to solar power in 2015.[29] with the southern group following in 2019.[30] Work on Rarotonga is ongoing.

In August 2011, he made his first formal visit to New Zealand as Prime Minister ahead of the Pacific Islands Forum in Auckland.[31] In September 2011 he announced that his government would establish a one million square kilometer marine protected area in the southern Cook Islands.[32] This plan would later evolve into the Marae Moana and be enshrined in law in 2017.[33] In November 2011 the Cook Islands became a founding member of the Polynesian Leaders Group, a regional grouping intended to cooperate on a variety of issues including culture and language, education, responses to climate change, and trade and investment.[34][35] In April 2012 he conducted a minor Cabinet reshuffle, trading the Police portfolio to Teariki Heather and taking up the Outer islands portfolio instead.[36] In August 2012 Puna took over the rotating chair of the Pacific Islands Forum after hosting US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton at the annual Pacific Islands Forum meeting.[37] This led to a greater focus on wider Pacific issues of sustainability and climate change and criticism from the opposition that domestic issues were being ignored.[38][39] While Forum Chair, he called for the restoration of democracy in Fiji following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état[40] and for stronger action on climate change.[41]

In April 2013, he expressed opposition to same-sex marriage and declared that the Cook Islands would not be following New Zealand in legislating for marriage equality.[42] In August 2013 Marine Resources Minister Teina Bishop was stood down from Cabinet following allegations of corruption and fraud in his handling of his portfolio.[43] He was dropped from Cabinet entirely during a reshuffle in November,[44] but later reinstated in January 2014.[45] In the intervening period Puna's government faced public protests over a decision to tax New Zealand superannuation payments.[46] In April 2014 Puna made a controversial decision to dissolve Parliament early for elections, leading to the resignation of Teina Bishop from Cabinet and his departure from the Cook Islands Party.[47][48]

Second term: 2014–2018

Puna's government eked out a narrow victory in the 2014 Cook Islands general election, winning 13 of 24 seats on a minority of the votes, but lost its majority after electoral petitions.[49] A period of instability followed, with Puna considering forming a coalition,[50] but the defection of Albert Nicholas to the government in exchange for a cabinet position[51] and the government's victory in the 2015 Vaipae-Tautu by-election restored its majority.[52]

During the by-election campaign Puna announced that a referendum would be held on Aitutaki to decide whether aircraft would be able to fly there on a Sunday.[53] Residents voted to scrap the flights, but Puna refused to say whether he would accept the result.[54][55] Eventually, in 2016, Puna announced that his government would not act on the referendum result.[56]

In June 2015, Puna announced plans for the Cook Islands to join the United Nations.[57] The plan was immediately ruled out by New Zealand Prime Minister John Key, who saw it as necessarily requiring independence and an end to shared citizenship.[58] In August 2015 Puna's government hosted a large New Zealand delegation to celebrations marking 50 years of self-government.[59] Later that month he was re-elected as leader of the Cook Islands Party.[60] At a meeting with John Key in Auckland he criticised new Zealand's inaction on climate change, and called on the New Zealand government to do more to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.[61] In December 2015 he attended the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, France, where he joined other Pacific leaders in accusing the world of dragging its feet.[62]

In February 2016, news emerged that Deputy Prime Minister Teariki Heather was being investigated for corruption by the Financial Intelligence Unit.[63] Puna refused to suspend him.[64] In March 2016 Puna's government signed a fisheries agreement with the European Union allowing European vessels to use controversial purse seining in Cook Islands waters.[65] After opposition from Cabinet[66] the decision was reviewed by a Parliamentary select committee,[67] but was ultimately ratified in October.[68] A month later Puna announced that the Marae Moana marine park, planned since 2011, would cover the country's entire exclusive economic zone.[69] In March 2017 this was reinforced with a 50-nautical-mile exclusion zone around each island in the country, in which commercial fishing and seabed mining were banned.[70] The required legislation was passed in July 2017.[33]

Third term: 2018–2020

In the 2018 election the Cook Islands Party lost its majority, winning only 10 of 24 seats, but Puna was able to put together a coalition by offering cabinet positions to the One Cook Islands Movement's George Angene and independents Robert Tapaitau and Rose Toki-Brown.[71] The coalition was further strengthened by the defection to the government of Te-Hani Brown in early 2019.[72] Puna's government continued to emphasize a need for action on climate change,[73] while expanding its diplomatic ties.[74][75] In November 2019 Puna announced his government's intention to ratify the PACER Plus trade agreement.[76]

In December 2019, a private prosecution for fraud was lodged against Puna and Deputy Prime Minister Mark Brown, alleging that a government-chartered aircraft had been misused.[77] In March 2021 the charges were dismissed by the High Court.[78]

In 2020, Puna led his government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[79] On 29 March 2020, while New Zealand was in lockdown, he announced plans for a quarantine station in Auckland to allow Cook islanders in the country to return home.[80] The plan was cancelled after opposition from the New Zealand government.[81] When the Cook Islands was declared COVID-free in April, the focus turned to re-opening borders and repatriating Cook Islanders overseas.[82][83] In early June, Puna announced plans to re-open borders to Cook Islanders and work permit holders who had been living in New Zealand,[84] and expressed hopes for a tourism "bubble".[85]

In June 2020 he surrendered his Education portfolio and was appointed Police Minister in a Cabinet reshuffle.[86]

On 17 June 2020 Puna announced his intention to stand down as Prime Minister in September to compete for the role of Secretary-General of the Pacific Islands Forum.[87][88] He was replaced by Mark Brown.[89]

On 24 March 2021 Puna resigned as an MP,[90] triggering the 2021 Manihiki by-election.[91]

Prime Minister Puna visits The Australian National University College of Law on 11 November 2019.

Secretary-general (2021–2024)

On 4 February 2021 he was elected as secretary-general of the Pacific Islands Forum, replacing Meg Taylor.[7] In response to his election, Palau announced that it would be leaving the Pacific Islands Forum, claiming that a "gentlemen's agreement" to rotate the position between Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia had been violated.[92][93][94][95] Other countries have signaled their intention to review their Membership after Puna's election. MPs in the Marshall Islands called for the government to review its participation in the Forum, but opposed withdrawal.[96] The Federated States of Micronesia and Nauru have openly questioned whether they will remain members.[95] Nauru President Lionel Aingimea has signaled his intention to pull out, stating that "If this is the way Micronesia is treated, then it is better off withdrawing from the Forum".[97] Four members of the Micronesian bloc – the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, and the Federated States of Micronesia – decided to hold a virtual meeting to discuss whether to exit the Forum.[97] Puna assumed the office of secretary-general in May 2021.[98]

He vacated the role at the end of his first term on 23 May 2024.[99] He was succeeded by Baron Waqa of Nauru.[100]

Personal life

Puna is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[101]

References

  1. ^ "RELEASE: Statement of the Forum Chair, Cook Islands PM Mark Brown on the Transition in Leadership at the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat | Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat". forumsec.org. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  2. ^ Parliamentary General Election – Main Electoral Roll – Manihiki, Cook Islands Registrar of Electors, 10 May 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e "New PM sworn in today". Cook Islands News. 30 November 2010. Archived from the original on 7 December 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  4. ^ "RELEASE: Statement of the Forum Chair, Cook Islands PM Mark Brown on the Transition in Leadership at the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat | Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat". forumsec.org. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Henry Puna still CIP leader". Cook Islands News. 23 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  6. ^ "Cook Islands parliament electing new PM". Radio New Zealand. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Former Cook Islands PM is the new Secretary General of the PIF". Radio New Zealand. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  8. ^ a b "PUNA GETS COOK ISLANDS' HIGH COMMISSIONER'S JOB IN NEW ZEALAND". Pacific Islands Report. 28 September 1999. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
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  14. ^ "Preliminary results show Puna wins Cook Islands by-election". Radio New Zealand. 10 February 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
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  23. ^ "McCully to discuss aid parameters with new Cooks government". Radio New Zealand. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Cook Islands govt condemned over attitude to HIV case". Radio New Zealand. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  25. ^ "Cook Islands government will no longer demand dividends from state businesses". Radio New Zealand. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  26. ^ "Cooks PM plans disclosure of travel costs". Radio New Zealand. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  27. ^ "Cook Islands cabinet increases in size". Radio New Zealand. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  28. ^ "Cook Islands: 100% Renewable Energy by 2020". Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  29. ^ "Cook Islands solar energy projects opened". Scoop. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  30. ^ "Kiwi company delivers sustainable power for Cook Islands". Scoop. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
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  32. ^ "Cook Islands sets up huge marine reserve". Radio New Zealand. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  33. ^ a b "Cook Islands Marae Moana legislation passed". Radio New Zealand. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  34. ^ "NZ may be invited to join proposed 'Polynesian Triangle' ginger group". Pacific Scoop. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  35. ^ "New Polynesian Leaders Group formed in Samoa". Radio New Zealand. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  36. ^ "COOK ISLANDS CABINET SHUFFLES POLICE PORTFOLIO". Pacific Islands Report. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
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  38. ^ "Cooks PM has embarked on wrong course says opposition". Radio New Zealand. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  39. ^ "Cook Islands leader defends his work on wider Pacific issues as head of Forum". Radio New Zealand. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  40. ^ "Pacific Islands Forum chair says democracy a 'standard' to uphold". Radio New Zealand. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  41. ^ "Forum chair says Pacific islands tired of being ignored on climate change". Radio New Zealand. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  42. ^ "Cook Islands PM rules out marriage equality". Radio New Zealand. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  43. ^ Barbara Dreaver (5 August 2013). "Cook Islands Govt Minister under police investigation". One News. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  44. ^ "Cook Islands PM announces reshuffled cabinet". Radio New Zealand. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
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  46. ^ "Cook Islands pensioners vow to keep up pressure on tax". Radio New Zealand. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
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  100. ^ "Baron Waqa begins role as Pacific Islands Forum secretary general". RNZ. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  101. ^ "Adventists elected into Cook Islands Parliament". Adventist Record. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
Assembly seats
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for Manihiki
2005–2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for Manihiki
2010–2021 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Cook Islands Party
2006–2020 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
2010–2020 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Justice
2010–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for the Environment
2010–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Police
2010–2012 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Transport
2013–2018 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Education
2014–2020 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Marine Resources
2013–2018 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2013–2020
Preceded by Minister of Energy
2010–2020
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum
2021–2024 		Succeeded by

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2019 vampire film BitDirected byBrad Michael ElmoreWritten byBrad Michael ElmoreCinematographyCristina DunlapMusic byWolfmen of MarsDistributed byVertical EntertainmentRelease dates May 24, 2019 (2019-05-24) (Inside Out)[1] April 24, 2020 (2020-04-24)[2] Running time90 minutes Bit is a 2019 vampire film written and directed by Brad Michael Elmore.[2] The film stars Nicole Maines as Laurel, a girl who is turned into a vampire while spen...

 

San'yō region

Historical region of Japan San'yō region The San'yō Region (山陽地方 San'yō-chihō) is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan.[1] It consists of the southern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Seto Inland Sea. The name San'yō means southern, sunny (yō) side of the mountains and contrasts with the San'in or northern, shady (in) side of the mountains. The region is generally considered to include the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima and Yamaguchi. Somet...

 

Meet the Robinsons

Meet the RobinsonsSutradaraSteve AndersonProduserDorothy McKimDitulis olehMichelle SpritzJon BernsteinPemeranJordan FryHarland WilliamsTom KennySteve AndersonAngela BassettTom SelleckNicole SullivanPenata musikDanny ElfmanDistributorWalt Disney PicturesTanggal rilis Britania Raya:23 Maret 2007 Amerika Serikat:30 Maret 2007Durasi92 menitBahasaInggrisPendapatankotor$159.490.712 Meet the Robinsons adalah sebuah film animasi yang diproduksi oleh Walt Disney Animation Studios dan d...

Esporte Clube Primavera

PrimaveraCalcio Fantasma da Ituana, Tricolor Indaiatubano, Fantasma Tricolor Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Bianco, rosso, nero Dati societari Città Indaiatuba Nazione  Brasile Confederazione CONMEBOL Federazione CBF Campionato Paulista Série A3 Fondazione 1927 Presidente Eliseu Aparecido Marques Silva Allenatore Paulo Pereira Stadio Ítalo Mário Limongi(9 542 posti) Palmarès Si invita a seguire il modello di voce L'Esporte Clube Primavera, ...

 

Languages of Israel

Overview of the languages spoken in Israel Languages of IsraelMap showing languages in Israel, Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza Strip. Blue shows dominantly Hebrew speaking areas, lighter blue shows mixed Hebrew and Arabic speaking areas, white shows dominantly Arabic speaking areas.OfficialHebrew[1]Semi-officialArabicMinorityDomari, Romanian, German, Polish, Ladino, Yiddish, Hungarian, French, PersianForeignEnglish and RussianSignedIsraeli Sign LanguageKeyboard layoutHebrew Th...

 

Dmitry Tursunov

Biografi ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: Dmitry Tursunov – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Dmitry Tursunov (kanan) bersama dengan P...

Buddhisme di Myanmar

Bagian dari seri tentangBuddhisme SejarahPenyebaran Sejarah Garis waktu Sidang Buddhis Jalur Sutra Benua Asia Tenggara Asia Timur Asia Tengah Timur Tengah Dunia Barat Australia Oseania Amerika Eropa Afrika Populasi signifikan Tiongkok Thailand Jepang Myanmar Sri Lanka Vietnam Kamboja Korea Taiwan India Malaysia Laos Indonesia Amerika Serikat Singapura AliranTradisi Buddhisme prasektarian Aliran Buddhis awal Mahāsāṃghika Sthaviravāda Aliran arus utama Theravāda Mahāyāna Vajrayāna Kons...

 

Lac Blanc (Vosges)

Lac BlancLac BlancLocationHaut-RhinCoordinates48°07′28″N 7°05′40″E / 48.124444°N 7.094444°E / 48.124444; 7.094444Primary outflowsWeissBasin countriesFranceSurface area0.29 km2 (0.11 sq mi)Max. depth72 m (236 ft)Surface elevation1,055 m (3,461 ft) Lac Blanc is a lake in Haut-Rhin, France. At an elevation of 1055 m, its surface area is 0.29 km². This Haut-Rhin geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia...

 

List of dams and reservoirs in Michigan

Following is a list of dams and reservoirs in Michigan. Major dams are linked below. The National Inventory of Dams defines any major dam as being 50 feet (15 m) tall with a storage capacity of at least 5,000 acre-feet (6,200,000 m3), or of any height with a storage capacity of 25,000 acre-feet (31,000,000 m3).[1] Dams and reservoirs in Michigan Croton Dam powerhouse White Rapids Dam, Menominee River This list is incomplete. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Alco...

Hafnarfjarðarkaupstaður

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité islandaise. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Hafnarfjarðarkaupstaður Héraldique Administration Pays Islande Région Höfuðborgarsvæðið Circonscription Suðvesturkjördæmi Comté Gullbringusýsla Partis au pouvoir Alliance Maire Mandat Guðmundur Rúnar Árnason (2010-2014) Code postal 220, 221, 222 Code municipal 1400 Démographie Popul...

 

Fenobarbital

Fenobarbital struttura Fenobarbital adalah antikonvulsan turunan barbiturat yang efektif dalam mengatasi epilepsi.[1] Nama kimia dari fenobarbital sendiri adalah asam 5-etil- 5fenilbarbiturat.[1] Karena fenobarbital merupakan salah satu obat golongan barbiturat, mekanismenya sama dengan barbiturat.[1] Barbiturat menekan korteks sensor,menurunkan aktivitas motorik, mempengaruhi fungsi serebral dan menyebabkan kantuk, efek sedasi dan hipnotik.[1] Pada dosis tingg...

 

Educational Testing Service

Educational testing and assessment organization Educational Testing ServiceETS logo used since 2024Company type501(c)(3)Founded1947Headquarters660 Rosedale Road, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.Key peopleRobert S. Murley (Chairman)[1]Amit Sevak (president and CEO)[2]ProductsTOEFL and TOEIC tests, GRE General and Subject Tests, CET1 Exam by Certtia tests and Praxis Series assessmentsServicesTesting, assessments and research for educational useSubsidiariesEdusoft Ltd.ETS CanadaETS Gl...

وزارة القانون (سنغافورة)

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Piscivor

Lihat pula: Pescetarian Ular air utara (Nerodia sipedon) memakan seekor ikan Piscivor /ˈpɪsɪvɔːr/ adalah hewan karnivora yang makanan utamanya adalah ikan. Piscivorous setara dengan kata yang diturunkan dari bahasa Yunani 'ichthyophagous' . Ikan adalah makanan dari tetrapoda awal (amfibi); serangga datang berikutnya, selanjutnya reptil, kemudian herbivora.[1][2] Beberapa hewan, seperti singa laut dan buaya, tidak sepenuhnya menjadikan makanan utama, sering memangsa invert...