Hải Vân Pass

Hải Vân Pass
Đèo Hải Vân
An overhead view of the pass
LocationVietnam
RangeAnnamite Range
Coordinates16°12′N 108°8′E / 16.200°N 108.133°E / 16.200; 108.133
Hải Vân Pass is located in Vietnam
Hải Vân Pass
Location of the Hải Vân Pass in Vietnam

The Hải Vân Pass (Vietnamese: Đèo Hải Vân, IPA: [ɗɛ̂w ha᷉ːj vən], 'ocean cloud pass'), is an approximately 21-kilometre (13 mi) long mountain pass on National Route 1 in Vietnam. It traverses a spur of the larger Annamite Range that juts into the South China Sea on the border of Đà Nẵng and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province, near Bạch Mã National Park. Its name refers to the mists that rise from the sea, reducing visibility. Historically, the pass was a physical division between the kingdoms of Champa and Đại Việt from 1306 until Vietnamese invasion war in 1471.[1]

The twisting road on the pass has long been a challenge for drivers traveling between the cities of Huế and Đà Nẵng. Since the completion of Hải Vân Tunnel, traffic flow and safety have improved.[1] The pass has been the scene of at least two of Vietnam's most serious rail accidents, and at least one air crash.

Overview

The Hải Vân Pass crosses over a spur of the Trường Sơn (Annamite Range) that emerges from the west and juts into the South China Sea, forming the Hải Vân Peninsula and the adjoining Son Tra Island. The pass, which once formed the boundary between the kingdoms of Đại Việt and Champa in 1306, also forms a boundary between the climates of northern and southern Vietnam, sheltering the city of Da Nang from the "Chinese winds" that blow in from the northwest. During the winter months (November–March), for instance, weather on the north side of the pass might be wet and cold, while the south side might be warm and dry.[1]

The pass is renowned for its scenic beauty.[1] Presenter Jeremy Clarkson, then host of the BBC motoring programme Top Gear, featured the pass during the show's 2008 Vietnam Special, calling the road "a deserted ribbon of perfection—one of the best coast roads in the world."[2]

History

Hải Vân Pass has been of major strategic importance in this history of Vietnam, and for a long time represented a major barrier to any land army that attempted to move between the northern and central regions of the country.

During the 1st century A.D., the Chinese general Ma Yuan (Mã Viện), after pacifying northern Vietnam, advanced south and established the southern border of the Hán empire by setting up columns of bronze, possibly at Hải Vân.[3] Ma Yuan also left behind some Chinese military families to hold the frontier. When the Han empire collapsed at the end of the 2nd century, the local kingdom of Lâm Ấp (Linyi), the predecessor to the medieval polity of Champa, was created by a petty frontier bureaucrat of the Han administration, probably in the area of modern Huế somewhat to the north.

Transport

The pass is crossed by two main transport routes: Vietnam's main north–south highway, National Route 1, and the North–South Railway. The road uses the Hải Vân Tunnel—the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia—while the railway hugs the coastline, passing through a series of tunnels along the way.[1]

The old National Route 1 crosses over the mountain more or less directly, climbing to an elevation of 496 m (1,627 ft) and passing south of the 1,172 m (3,845 ft) high Ai Van Son peak. Travel time on it can be up to an hour longer.[1] In Top Gear series 12's Vietnam Special, Jeremy Clarkson called this route "one of the best coast roads in the world."[4]

Accidents

Besides its beauty, the pass is also renowned for its difficulty. A poem by Nguyễn Phúc Chu (1675–1725) describes Hải Vân as "the most dangerous mountain in Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Việt Nam hiểm ải thử sơn điên).[5] Visibility on the pass is often reduced by the eponymous mists that rise from the sea. Along with the road's winding route through the pass, this posed a serious challenge for drivers before the construction of the Hải Vân Tunnel. The Hai Van Pass has also been the scene of at least two of Vietnam's most serious rail accidents, and at least one air crash.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Nick Ray; Yu-Mei Balasingamchow; Iain Stewart (2009). Vietnam. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781742203898. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
  2. ^ Clarkson, Jeremy. "Vietnam Motorbike special part 1 - Top Gear- BBC". Youtube. TopGear. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  3. ^ Lê Thanh Khoi, Histoire du Viet Nam des origines a 1858 (Paris: Sudestasie, 1981), 94.
  4. ^ "Vietnam Special". Top Gear. Season 12. 28 December 2008. BBC.
  5. ^ Nguyễn Phúc Chu, "Ải lĩnh xuân vân".
  6. ^ Fort Walton Beach, Florida, "Indochina Rail Crash Kills 100". Playground News, 25 June 1953, Volume 8, Number 22, p. 8.
  7. ^ "691228 HMM-364 Vietnam". Popasmoke. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  8. ^ Vietnam train derail kills 11, injuring 200. Xinhua. March 13, 2005.

Hai Van Pass

Read other articles:

Sebuah hujan ikan tercatat di Singapura pada 1861, saat selama tiga hari hujan berturut-turut, sejumlah ikan ditemukan di genangan-genangan air Hujan ular, 1680. Hujan hewan adalah sebuah fenomena meteorologi langka dimana hewan-hewan tak terbang jatuh dari langit. Kejadian-kejadian semacam itu dilaporkan di banyak negara sepanjang sejarah.[1] Salah satu hipotesis menyatakan bahwa sengkayan tornadik terkadang mengangkat hewan-hewan seperti ikan atau katak, dan membawa mereka dalam jar...

 

Caspar HedioBiografiKelahiran1494 (Kalender Masehi Gregorius) Ettlingen Kematian17 Oktober 1552 (Kalender Masehi Gregorius) (57/58 tahun)Strasbourg   Cathedral preacher (en)  Data pribadiAgamaGereja Lutheran PendidikanUniversitas Albert Ludwig Freiburg KegiatanPekerjaanSejarawan dan teolog Caspar Hedio, ukiran tembaga abad ke-16 Caspar Hedio, juga ditulis sebagai Kaspar Hedio, Kaspar Heyd, Kaspar Bock atau Kaspar Böckel (Ettlingen, 1494 - Strasbourg, 17 Oktober 1552) adalah se...

 

Bandar Udara Internasional Teniente Luis CandelariaIATA: BRCICAO: SAZSInformasiJenisPublik/MiliterPengelolaPemerintah dan Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A.LokasiSan Carlos de Bariloche, Provinsi Río NegroZona waktuUTC-3Koordinat{{{coordinates}}} Lt. Luis Candelaria Aerolíneas Argentinas Boeing 737-500 di Bandara Bariloche. Bandar Udara Internasional Teniente Luis Candelaria (Spanyol: Aeropuerto Internacional de Bariloche - Teniente Luis Candelariacode: es is deprecated ) (IATA: BRC, ICAO...

Artikel ini membahas suatu kecelakaan pesawat terkini. Informasi pada halaman ini dapat berubah setiap saat seiring dengan perkembangan peristiwa dan laporan berita awal mungkin tidak dapat diandalkan. Pembaruan terakhir untuk artikel ini mungkin tidak mencerminkan informasi terkini. Silakan perbaiki artikel ini atau diskusikan perubahan pada halaman pembicaraan, tetapi harap perhatikan bahwa pembaruan tanpa rujukan yang sah dan tepercaya akan dihapus. (Januari 2024) (Pelajari cara dan kapan ...

 

Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Sihombing. Maddin Sihombing Bupati Humbang Hasundutan ke-1Masa jabatan2005–2015PresidenSusilo Bambang YudhoyonoJoko WidodoGubernurTengku Rizal NurdinRudolf PardedeSyamsul ArifinGatot Pujo Nugroho Bupati Humbang Hasundutan|WakilMarganti SimanullangPendahuluManatap Simanungkalit (Pj.)PenggantiBukit Tambunan (Pj.)Dosmar Banjarnahor Informasi pribadiLahir6 Mei 1946 (umur 77)Parulohan, Lintong Nihuta, Humbang Hasundutan, Sumatera UtaraKebangsa...

 

List of Eddie Murphy awards Award Wins Nominations Academy Awards 0 1 British Academy Film Awards 0 1 Golden Globe Awards 1 6 Grammy Awards 1 3 Primetime Emmy Award 1 5 Screen Actors Guild Awards 1 2 The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor Eddie Murphy. Murphy earned both a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for Eddie Murphy: Comedian (1983), and an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for hosting Saturday Night Live (2019)....

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

2006 United States Senate election in Montana ← 2000 November 7, 2006 2012 →   Nominee Jon Tester Conrad Burns Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 199,845 196,283 Percentage 49.16% 48.29% County resultsTester:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Burns:      50–60%      60–70%  &#...

 

تجمع عضبات  - قرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  اليمن المحافظة محافظة حضرموت المديرية مديرية غيل بن يمين العزلة عزلة غيل بن يمين السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 4   • الذكور 2   • الإناث 2   • عدد الأسر 3   • عدد المساكن 3 معلومات أخرى التوقيت توقيت اليمن (+3 غرين...

Scattering of light by tiny particles in a colloidal suspension Not to be confused with Rayleigh scattering. The Tyndall effect in opalescent glass: it appears blue from the side, but orange light shines through.[1] The Tyndall effect is light scattering by particles in a colloid such as a very fine suspension (a sol). Also known as Tyndall scattering, it is similar to Rayleigh scattering, in that the intensity of the scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of th...

 

2024 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential caucuses ← 2020 June 8, 2024 2028 → ← GU13 delegates (7 pledged and 6 unpledged) to the Democratic National Convention   Candidate Joe Biden Home state Delaware Delegate count 7 Popular vote 467 Percentage 100% Politics of the United States Virgin Islands Constitution United States Constitution Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands Executive Government Governor Albert Bryan Lieutenant Go...

 

Incoterms, contrazione di international commercial terms, è la serie di termini contrattuali utilizzati nel campo delle importazioni ed esportazioni (contratti di compravendita nazionali e internazionali), valida in tutto il mondo, che definisce in maniera univoca ogni diritto e dovere competente ai vari soggetti giuridici coinvolti in un'operazione di trasferimento di beni da uno stato a un altro. L'edizione più recente è entrata in vigore il 1º gennaio 2020 e presenta 11 Incoterms. L'ut...

Parliamentary election in Syria 2016 Syrian parliamentary election ← 2012 13 April 2016 2020 → All 250 seats in the Parliament of Syria126 seats needed for a majority   First party   Leader Bashar al-Assad Party Ba'ath Party Alliance NPF Last election 168 Seats won 200 Seat change 32 Speaker before election Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ba'ath Party Elected Speaker Hadiya Abbas Ba'ath Party Parliamentary elections were held in Syria to elect the People...

 

يواكيم ريف   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 4 فبراير 1942 (العمر 82 سنة)برشلونة مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية إسبانيا  المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 1962–1963 خيمناستيك طركونة X (X) 1963–1976 برشلونة 290 (23) المنتخب الوطني 1968–1970 إسبانيا 4 (1) الفرق التي دربها 1979–1980 برشلونة 1981 ليفانتي المواقع...

 

Запрос «Дальний истребитель сопровождения» перенаправляется сюда. На эту тему нужно создать отдельную статью. ДИС / МиГ-5 Прототип ДИС с двигателями АМ-37 Тип истребитель Производитель МиГ Первый полёт 1941 Статус В 1942 г. работы по истребителю были прекращены. Эксплуатанты �...

2014 golf tournament held at the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, Wirral, England Golf tournament2014 Open ChampionshipTournament informationDates17–20 July 2014LocationMerseyside, EnglandCourse(s)Royal Liverpool Golf ClubOrganized byThe R&ATour(s) European Tour PGA Tour Japan Golf Tour StatisticsPar72Length7,312 yd (6,686 m)Field156 players, 72 after cutCut146 (+2)Prize fund£5.400 million[1]€6.776 million$9.226 millionWinner's share£975,000[1]€1,223,4...

 

日本橋御幸ビル 情報旧名称 日本橋東海ビル用途 オフィス、銀行設計者 日建設計施工 竹中工務店大林組戸田建設建築主 東海銀行新東昭開発管理運営 御幸ビルディング構造形式 鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート構造敷地面積 1,464.17 m² [1]延床面積 14,018.68 m² [1]状態 解体階数 地下3階・地上10階[1]エレベーター数 乗用4基駐車台数 36台竣工 1975年解体 202...

 

セルゲイ・ノビツキー Sergei Novitski 2008年世界選手権の表彰式で生誕 (1981-05-16) 1981年5月16日(43歳) ソビエト連邦 ロシア・ソビエト連邦社会主義共和国、モスクワ身長 180 cm選手情報所属クラブ CSKAモスクワVorobievye Gory引退 2010年ISUパーソナルベストスコア ダンス203.262008 世界選手権 CD37.982008 世界選手権 OD65.992008 世界選手権 FD99.662008 欧州選手権 獲得メダル フィギュアス�...

日本の政治家田城 郁たしろ かおる生年月日 (1959-11-01) 1959年11月1日(64歳)出生地 日本 栃木県宇都宮市出身校 小山工業高等専門学校前職 JR東労組中央本部政策調査部長所属政党 (民主党→)(民進党(赤松G)→)無所属 参議院議員選挙区 比例区当選回数 2回在任期間 2010年7月26日 - 2016年7月25日2022年6月27日 - 2022年7月25日テンプレートを表示 2011年6月29日、左から田城�...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Chimelong (homonymie). Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (avril 2016). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». En...