Gotti (2018 film)

Gotti
A black and white photograph of a man in a business suit. In bold orange text the tagline: He showed the world who's boss.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byKevin Connolly
Written by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyMichael Barrett
Edited byJim Flynn
Music by
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 15, 2018 (2018-05-15) (Cannes)
  • June 15, 2018 (2018-06-15) (United States)
Running time
110 minutes[2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$10 million[3]
Box office$6.4 million[4]

Gotti is a 2018 American biographical crime film about New York City mobster John Gotti, directed by Kevin Connolly and written by Lem Dobbs and Leo Rossi. It stars John Travolta as Gotti, alongside his real-life wife Kelly Preston as Gotti's wife Victoria in her penultimate film.

The film was announced in 2010, but it languished in development for several years with numerous directors and actors, including Barry Levinson and Al Pacino. Principal photography finally began in July 2016 in Cincinnati, Ohio and concluded in Brooklyn, New York in February 2017.

The film was originally set to be released in the United States on December 15, 2017, but Lionsgate, the slated distributor, sold the film back to its producers and studio, delaying its release.[5] On March 12, 2018, its new release date was announced for June 15, 2018 by SunRider Productions and Vertical Entertainment, after premiering at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.[6]

Gotti underperformed both critically and commercially; it grossed just $6 million against a $10 million production budget and was universally lambasted by critics, who lamented the writing, aesthetics, and performances of most of the cast, although Travolta's performance and the film's use of makeup received some praise.[7] It is one of the few films to hold an approval rating of 0% on the website Rotten Tomatoes.[8][9][10] At the 39th Golden Raspberry Awards, the film was nominated for six Razzies, including Worst Picture and Worst Actor for Travolta.

Plot

Mob boss John Gotti addresses the audience, reflecting on his lengthy reign of crime in New York City. In 1973, Aniello "Neil" Dellacroce, underboss to the Gambino crime family, tasks Gotti, a young associate, with killing gangster James McBratney, who is believed to have kidnapped and murdered boss Carlo Gambino's nephew Emanuel. After executing McBratney at a bar, Gotti is identified as his killer in 1974 and sentenced to 4 years at Green Haven Correctional Facility the following year; due to the Gambino family's influence, however, he is released on "medical furloughs" both for appointments with the family's dentist and for conducting further criminal business, including another hit. Paroled in July 1977 after 2 years, he reunites with his wife Victoria and children at their new residence in Howard Beach, Queens, and becomes a "made man", immediately climbing the Mafia hierarchy to become a capo.

By 1979, Gotti operates out of the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club with his childhood friend Angelo Ruggiero. His oldest son John "Junior" Gotti enters the New York Military Academy, but aspires to join the Mafia. Despite Dellacroce's counsel and the assurances of fellow capo Frank DeCicco, Gotti mistrusts the Lucchese crime family's top underboss, Anthony Casso. On March 18, 1980, his 12-year-old middle son Frank is accidentally struck and killed by a car driven by John Favara, his next-door neighbor. Favara later disappears on July 28, and the only witness to his abduction, diner owner Leon Papon, is intimidated into silence.

By 1985, the Gambino family has come under increased scrutiny, and Gotti becomes convinced that family boss Paul Castellano is too frail to lead effectively. Junior instigates a bar brawl that results in a man's death, infuriating his father. Federal authorities release embarrassing tapes, caught on an FBI wiretap of Gambino family meetings, that reveal Gotti's involvement in labor racketeering. He avoids conviction when the case goes to trial, but prosecutor Diane Giacalone, assistant attorney for the Eastern District of New York, discloses that his close associate, Wilfred "Willy Boy" Johnson, has been a confidential informant for the FBI since 1966; he agrees to give him a reprieve for betraying the family, but does not object when Johnson is eventually murdered on August 29, 1988.

Dying of brain cancer, Dellacroce informs Gotti of Castellano's plans to reorganize the Gambino family and disband Gotti's crew due to his insubordination and helps him secure the approval of the Five Families to eliminate Castellano, who fails to attend Dellacroce's funeral two days after his death on December 2. On December 16, Castellano and his bodyguard Thomas Bilotti are gunned down outside Sparks Steak House in midtown Manhattan, and Gotti takes over the Gambino family, becoming "the real-life Godfather". Rival boss Vincent "The Chin" Gigante of the Genovese crime family plots with Casso to eliminate him, and on April 13, 1986, DeCicco is killed by a car bomb that Ruggiero believes was meant for Gotti. Casso survives an unsanctioned hit, tracking down and torturing the hitman, James Hydell, into revealing he was sent by Ruggiero. Gotti reconciles with Gigante before excommunicating Ruggiero from his crew to shield him from further retribution.

Escaping prosecution for the third time in 1987, Gotti is nicknamed "the Teflon Don" for being untouchable by the law. Junior is inducted into the Gambino family on Christmas Eve 1988 and marries his wife Kim in April 1990, while Ruggiero dies from terminal lung cancer in December 1989. On trial in 1992 for the fourth time, Gotti is charged with organizing Castellano's murder; underboss Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano testifies against him, and this time, Gotti is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Junior assumes control as rivals target the organization and several family members are killed, and is himself taken into custody on January 21, 1998. On February 5, 1999, he visits his now-ailing father at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, to inform him that he is considering a plea bargain.

After Gotti dies on June 10, 2002 from throat cancer, Junior chooses to abandon his criminal life for his own family's sake, and after five trials, he is finally released from prison in December 2009.

Cast

Production

Development history

In September 2010, Fiore Films announced that it had secured the rights from Gotti Jr. to produce a film about his life.[11] The film, tentatively titled Gotti: In the Shadow of My Father, was to be directed by Barry Levinson, who eventually left the project. Nick Cassavetes and Joe Johnston were then also attached at different points to direct, as were Al Pacino, Lindsay Lohan, and Ben Foster to star in various roles.[12] Joe Pesci was cast as Angelo Ruggiero early in development and gained 30 pounds in order to properly portray him. After having his salary cut and being recast as Lucchese underboss Anthony Casso, he sued Fiore Films for $3 million; the case was settled out of court.[13][14] Chazz Palminteri, who had played Paul Castellano in the TNT made-for-TV film Boss of Bosses, was also initially cast to reprise Gotti's predecessor.[15]

Casting

On September 8, 2015, it was announced that the project was moving forward with Kevin Connolly as director.[16] Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films, Fiore Films and Herrick Entertainment would be financing the film, with Lionsgate Premiere handling the domestic distribution rights.[16]

On July 27, 2016, the complete cast for the film was announced. It included Kelly Preston as Gotti's wife Victoria; Stacy Keach as Aniello Dellacroce, the underboss of the Gambino crime family who mentored Gotti; Pruitt Taylor Vince as Angelo Ruggiero, a deferential friend of Gotti; Spencer Lofranco as John Gotti Jr., Gotti's eldest son; William DeMeo as Sammy Gravano, Gotti's right-hand man who later became an FBI informant and helped them in bringing down Gotti; co-writer Leo Rossi as Bartholomew "Bobby" Boriello, Gotti's enforcer; Victor Gojcaj as Father Murphy, with Tyler Jon Olson and Megan Leonard.[17]

Filming

Principal photography on the film began in Cincinnati, Ohio, on July 25, 2016, with locations including Springfield Township. The locations were staged to resemble the setting of the film, New York City.[18][19] Filming also took place on Jonfred Court in Finneytown, and Indian Hill.[19][20] Filming was also done at Butler County Jail.[21]

The film's shooting was previously scheduled to take place in New York City, because of its setting there, but it was relocated to Cincinnati. One reason to relocate was Ohio's revised Motion Picture Tax Credit to benefit films' creators.[22] Filming for some scenes took place in Brooklyn on February 21, 2017, which concluded principal photography.[23]

Release

The film was originally set to be released in a limited release and through video on demand on December 15, 2017, through Lionsgate Premiere. Producers began seeking a new distributor in order for the film to receive a wide theatrical release, as opposed to the original release it was initially intended to have, with Lionsgate selling the film back to the producers and studio.[24][25] On March 12, 2018, Connolly announced that the film would be released on June 15, 2018.[26] On April 12, 2018, it was announced Vertical Entertainment was the film's new distributor.[27]

On April 25, 2018, it was announced that MoviePass Ventures, a subsidiary of MoviePass, acquired an equity stake in the film and will participate in the revenue generated from the film.[28][29]

The film premiered at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival on May 15, 2018.[1]

Reception

Box office

Gotti grossed $4.3 million in the United States, and $1.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $6.1 million, against a production budget of $10 million.[30]

Gotti began its limited release in 503 theaters and was projected to make $1–2 million in its opening weekend. It made $105,000 from Thursday night previews at 350 theaters and a total of $1.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing 12th.[12] According to their own reports, MoviePass accounted for 40% of tickets sold, leading one independent studio head to tell Deadline Hollywood: "It used to be in distribution, we'd all gossip whether a studio was buying tickets to their own movie to goose their opening. But in the case of MoviePass, there's no secret: They're literally buying the tickets to their own movie!"[31] In its second weekend the film dropped 53% and made $812,000, finishing 12th.[32]

Critical response

Gotti was not screened in advance for critics,[33] but the Cannes premiere was attended by reviewers from IndieWire and The Hollywood Reporter, who both gave the film negative reviews.[34] On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 0% based on 58 reviews, with an average rating of 2.2/10. The site's critical consensus simply reads, "Fuhgeddaboudit".[35] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 24 out of 100, based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[36]

Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, writing: "it's not only that the film is pretty terrible: poorly written, devoid of tension, ridiculous in spots and just plain dull in others. But the fact that it mostly portrays John Gotti as a loving family man and altogether likable guy, and his son John Gotti Jr. as a victim of government persecution, may be a first in the history of the genre."[3] The New York Post's Johnny Oleksinski called the film "the worst mob movie of all-time" and wrote, "the long-awaited biopic about the Gambino crime boss' rise from made man to top dog, took four directors, 44 producers and eight years to make. It shows. The finished product belongs in a cement bucket at the bottom of the river."[37] Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film one out of four stars and said, "Insane testimonials from Gotti supporters at the end are as close as this [film] will ever get to good reviews."[38]

Nick Schager, writing for The Daily Beast, said that the film "validates the oft-heard criticism that mob movies invariably glorify their subjects", adding: "The film does its best to make sure Gotti comes off as a noble and ruthless warrior-leader who ... was good for the community because he only killed his own and kept a lid on neighborhood crime." He concluded: "'Listen to me, and listen to me good. You never gonna see another guy like me if you live to be five thousand,' Travolta's Teflon Don boasts in the final scene. With any luck, we'll never see another mob-movie misfire like this either."[39]

Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times was more positive in his review of the film, describing it as "an entertaining and well-acted but uneven B-movie."[40]

Rotten Tomatoes rating

Observers were quick to note a large disparity on Rotten Tomatoes, between the audience approval score of 80% and the 0% critics' score during the film's opening weekend.[a] The audience score has since dropped 36 points to a score of 44%.[35]

On June 19, Dan Murrell of Screen Junkies noted that the disparity "made no sense" and suspected vote manipulation on behalf of the studio.[42] Accusations against the production studio and marketing team increased after the release of a marketing push suspected to be trying to hit back at the critics. The campaign proclaimed to consumers to ignore the "trolls behind a keyboard",[45] and "Audiences loved Gotti but critics don't want you to see it ... The question is why??? Trust the people and see it for yourself!"[b] Observers also noted the abnormally high number of reviews, 7000, compared to other films that did better at the box office that weekend, such as Incredibles 2 which logged 7600 reviews and grossed 105 times more than Gotti.[42][44]

Rotten Tomatoes staff issued a statement stating they didn't find any evidence of tampering and that "All of the ratings and reviews were left by active accounts."[45] In June 2018, it was noted that 32 of the 54 written reviews were found to be from first-time reviewers on the site, who had also only left a review for Gotti itself, and 45 of the accounts were created the same month.[42] Many of the accounts also wrote a review for the praised American Animals, which along with Gotti are the only films to be owned by MoviePass through its company MoviePass Ventures,[42][44] which was responsible for 40% of tickets sold.[31] Jim Vorel of Paste suggested this was done to try to prop up MoviePass's "unlimited movies" business model.[42]

Accolades

Award Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Picture Randall Emmett, Marc Fiore, Michael Froch and George Furla Nominated [46]
Worst Director Kevin Connolly Nominated
Worst Actor John Travolta Nominated
Worst Supporting Actress Kelly Preston Nominated
Worst Screenplay Lem Dobbs and Leo Rossi Nominated
Worst Screen Combo Kelly Preston and John Travolta Nominated
Golden Schmoes Awards Worst Movie of the Year Nominated

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[41][42][43][44][45]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[41][44][42][43]

References

  1. ^ a b McClintock, Pamela (May 3, 2018). "Pitbull Makes Film Composing Debut With John Travolta's 'Gotti' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  2. ^ "GOTTI" (PDF). Lionsgate Premiere. Lionsgate Publicity. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
  3. ^ a b Jordan Mintzer (June 14, 2018). "'Gotti': Film Review - Cannes 2018". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  4. ^ "Gotti (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  5. ^ Rottenberg, Josh. "John Travolta's 'Gotti' biopic bumped from schedule just days before its planned release". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  6. ^ Harris, Hunter. "John Travolta's Delayed Gotti Movie Gets a Summer Release". Vulture. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  7. ^ Perez, Lexi (June 15, 2018). "'Gotti': What the Critics Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  8. ^ Coogan, Devan (June 15, 2018). "John Travolta's Gotti earns zero percent on Rotten Tomatoes". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  9. ^ Kiefer, Halle (June 15, 2018). "John Travolta's Gotti Currently Has a Zero Percent on Rotten Tomatoes". Vulture. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  10. ^ Kilday, Gregg (June 15, 2018). "John Travolta's 'Gotti' Gets Rare Zero Percent Score on Rotten Tomatoes". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  11. ^ McNary, Dave (September 22, 2010). "Fiore to bring John Gotti, Jr. to big screen". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  12. ^ a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 17, 2018). "'Incredibles 2' Even Stronger As Pixar Pic Soars To Amazing $181M – Early Sunday Update". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  13. ^ Powers, Lindsay (June 28, 2011). "Joe Pesci Sues 'Gotti' Producers for $3 Million". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  14. ^ CBSNews.com (February 5, 2013). "Joe Pesci settles dispute over "Gotti" film payday". CBS News. CBS. Associated Press. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  15. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (August 24, 2011). "Chazz Palminteri Will Play Mafia Boss Paul Castellano (Again) In 'Gotti: In The Shadow Of My Father'". IndieWire. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  16. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 8, 2015). "'Gotti' Mob Movie Back On; Kevin Connolly Directing John Travolta, Lionsgate Premiere Releasing: Toronto". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  17. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (July 27, 2016). "'The Life And Death Of John Gotti' Cast Locked". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  18. ^ Mains, Brian (July 25, 2016). "'The Life and Death of John Gotti' stars, director spotted in Cincinnati". WCPO. E. W. Scripps Company. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  19. ^ a b Motsinger, Carol; Steigerwald, Shauna; Milam, Brett (July 28, 2016). "John Travolta filming 'Gotti' movie in Finneytown". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Gannett Company. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  20. ^ Guaderrama, Robert (August 2, 2016). "Gotti movie to film in Indian Hill Tuesday". Fox19. Raycom Media. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  21. ^ Pack, Lauren (August 16, 2016). "John Travolta mob movie filming scenes in Butler County". Journal-News. Cox Media Group. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  22. ^ Fears, Danika (July 14, 2016). "Biopic on mob boss John Gotti won't be filming in New York City". New York Post. NYP Holdings. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  23. ^ Melas, Chloe (February 23, 2017). "John Travolta transforms into John Gotti". CNN Entertainment. CNN. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  24. ^ Kennedy, Michael (December 6, 2017). "Gotti: John Travolta Biopic Dropped by Lionsgate at Producers' Request". Screen Rant. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  25. ^ Erbland, Kate (December 5, 2017). "Lionsgate Drops John Travolta-Starring 'Gotti' Film Ten Days Before Release — Report". IndieWire. Penske Business Media. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  26. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 12, 2018). "Kevin Connolly Announces Summer Release Date For John Travolta 'Gotti' Pic". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  27. ^ Hipes, Patrick (April 12, 2018). "'Gotti' Sets Deal With Vertical Entertainment for June Release". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  28. ^ Pollack PR Marketing Group (April 25, 2018). "MoviePass Ventures Acquires Stake in Gotti Movie". BusinessWire. Berkshire Hathaway. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  29. ^ Pollack PR Marketing Group (April 25, 2018). "MoviePass Ventures Acquires Stake in Gotti Movie". Helios and Matheson Analytics. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  30. ^ "Gotti (2018)". The Numbers. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  31. ^ a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 17, 2018). "MoviePass Reps 40% Of 'Gotti's $1.67M Opening As Critics Slaughter John Travolta Mob Pic". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  32. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 24, 2018). "'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' With $150M Reps Uni's 2nd Highest Opening Ever – Sunday". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  33. ^ Nashawaty, Chris (June 15, 2018). "A very good John Travolta can't save the very not-good Gotti: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  34. ^ Kaufman, Amy (June 18, 2018). "John Travolta's 'Gotti' had a rocky road to the Cannes Film Festival and the challenges aren't over yet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  35. ^ a b "Gotti (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  36. ^ "Gotti Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  37. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 16, 2018). "Gotti' Gets Whacked With 0% Rotten Tomatoes Score: A Deeper Look". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  38. ^ Travers, Peter (June 15, 2018). "'Gotti' Review: A Mobster Biopic That Deserves to Get Whacked". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  39. ^ Schager, Nick (December 24, 2018). "The Most Hilariously Bad Movie of the Year". The Daily Beast. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  40. ^ Roeper, Richard (June 14, 2018). "'Gotti' ranks low in the mob-movie hierarchy". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  41. ^ a b Kilday, Gregg (June 19, 2018). "As 'Gotti' Battles Critics, Its Rotten Tomatoes Audience Score Draws Questions". The Hollywood Reporter. Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g Vorel, Jim (June 19, 2018). "Something Suspicious Is Happening With Rotten Tomatoes User Reviews for Gotti". Paste. Paste Media Group. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  43. ^ a b Beck, Kellen (June 19, 2018). "'Gotti' appears to be posting fake positive reviews on Rotten Tomatoes". Mashable. Ziff Davis. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  44. ^ a b c d Clark, Travis (June 19, 2018). "The positive Rotten Tomatoes audience score for 'Gotti' has raised suspicions after the movie's thrashing by critics". Business Insider. Insider. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  45. ^ a b c Hibbard, James (June 19, 2018). "'Gotti' fires back at movie critics after terrible reviews: 'A troll behind a keyboard'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  46. ^ "RAZZ NEWZ - The Razzies!". Razzies.com. January 21, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2019.

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This article is about the 1965 film. For other uses, see Exterminator (disambiguation). 1965 filmThe ExterminatorsDirected byRiccardo FredaScreenplay byClaude-Marcel Richard[1]Based onStopez Coplanby Gaston Van den PanhuyseJean LibertProduced byRobert de NesleStarring Richard Stapley Robert Manuel Jany Clair Valeria Ciangottini Maria-Rosa Rodriguez CinematographyHenri Persin[1]Edited byRenée Lichtig[1]Music byMichel Magne[1]Productioncompanies Comptoir França...

 

Historical event in Islamic and Iranian history Part of a series onShia Islam Beliefs and practices Monotheism Holy Books Prophethood Succession to Muhammad Imamate Ismaili Twelver Zaydi Angels Judgment Day Mourning of Muharram Intercession Clergy The Four Companions Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage Days of remembrance Ashura Arba'een Mawlid Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Eid al-Ghadir Mourning of Muharram Omar Koshan History Verse of purification Two things Mubahala Khumm Fatimah's house First Fitna Second Fit...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) 2017 في الإكوادورمعلومات عامةالسنة 2017 البلد الإكوادور 2016 في الإكوادور 2018 في الإكوادور تعديل - تعديل مصدري -...

 

Highest civilian honor of Barbados For other uses, see Order of the National Hero (disambiguation). Order of National Heroes Awarded by President of BarbadosTypeNational HonourEstablished20 April 1998; 26 years ago (20 April 1998)CriteriaAt the pleasure of the president with the recommendation of the prime ministerStatusCurrently constitutedFounderParliament of BarbadosChancellorSandra Mason(President of Barbados)SecretaryVacantClassesMember (National Hero)StatisticsFirst inducti...

 

Gilgal IShown within the West BankLocationWest BankCoordinates32°01′58″N 35°28′32″E / 32.032778°N 35.475556°E / 32.032778; 35.475556[dubious – discuss]TypeTell[dubious – discuss]Part ofVillageHistoryMaterialCharcoal, seedsFoundedc. 11,400 BPAbandonedc. 11,200 BPPeriodsNeolithic (PPNA, PPNB)[dubious – discuss]Site notesExcavation dates1979-2005ArchaeologistsTamar Noy, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Mordechai E...

الحركة البطيئة الشعار النوع حركة اجتماعية  صاحبها  كارلو بيتريني تعديل مصدري - تعديل   تدعو الحركة البطيئة التحول الثقافي إلى تباطؤ وتيرة الحياة. وقد بدأت مع «كارلو بيتريني» احتجاجا على افتتاح مطعم ماكدونالدز في ساحة دي سبنا بروما في عام 1986[1] التي أشعلت إنشاء ح�...

 

1855 painting by Eugène Delacroix You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (July 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-transla...