Global Arrays, or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared-memory programming on distributed-memory computers for multidimensional arrays. The GA library is a predecessor to the GAS (global address space) languages currently being developed for high-performance computing.[1][2][3][4]
The GA toolkit has additional libraries including a Memory Allocator (MA), Aggregate Remote Memory Copy Interface (ARMCI), and functionality for out-of-core storage of arrays (ChemIO). Although GA was initially developed to run with TCGMSG, a message passing library that came before the MPI standard (Message Passing Interface), it is now fully compatible with MPI. GA includes simple matrix computations (matrix-matrix multiplication, LU solve) and works with ScaLAPACK. Sparse matrices are available but the implementation is not optimal yet.
GA was developed by Jarek Nieplocha, Robert Harrison, R. J. Littlefield, Manoj Krishnan, and Vinod Tipparaju. The ChemIO library for out-of-core storage was developed by Jarek Nieplocha, Robert Harrison and Ian Foster.
The GA library is incorporated into many quantum chemistry packages, including NWChem, MOLPRO, UTChem, MOLCAS, and TURBOMOLE. The GA library is also incorporated into sub-surface code STOMP Archived 2013-02-13 at the Wayback Machine[5]
The GA toolkit is free software, licensed under a self-made license Archived 2019-04-05 at the Wayback Machine.
コトシーヒンの著作の手稿 グリゴリー・カルポヴィチ・コトシーヒン(英語: Grigory Karpovich Kotoshikhin、ロシア語: Григорий Карпович Котошихин, tr. Grigoriy Karpovich Kotoshikhin)、1630年頃 - 1667年11月)は、ロシア・ツァーリ国の外交官、ポソルスキのプリカースのポジャーチ(英語版)、作家。 生涯 グリゴリー・コトシーヒンは1658年から1661年まで、スウェーデン
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Literary analysis J. R. R. Tolkien, the author of the bestselling fantasy The Lord of the Rings, was largely rejected by the literary establishment during his lifetime, but has since been accepted into the literary canon, if not as a modernist then certainly as a modern writer responding to his times. He fought in the First World War, and saw the rural England that he loved built over and industrialised. His Middle-earth fantasy writings, consisting largely of a legendarium which was not publish…
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